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This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
PRL (Prolactin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PRL include Impotence and Pituitary Gland Disease. Among its related pathways are Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation and Growth hormone receptor signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include hormone activity and prolactin receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is GH1.
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH06J022302 | Promoter/Enhancer | 0.8 | EPDnew Ensembl | 250.7 | -0.4 | -404 | 1.4 | EBF1 REST IKZF1 RUNX3 | PRL piR-43106-173 HDGFL1 CASC15 | |
GH06J022297 | Promoter | 0.3 | EPDnew | 250.4 | +5.8 | 5841 | 0.1 | PRL HSALNG0048546 CASC15 SOX4 | ||
GH06J022320 | Enhancer | 0.9 | Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas | 0.4 | -18.6 | -18604 | 3 | NR2C1 BATF JUND NR2F1 ATF2 NR2F6 JUNB BHLHE40 EED IKZF2 | HDGFL1 piR-43106-173 PRL CASC15 | |
GH06J022250 | Enhancer | 0.9 | Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas | 0.2 | +53.3 | 53341 | 5.1 | CEBPB EP300 CTBP1 TCF7L2 FOXA1 JUND ZXDB ZEB2 EGR2 MAFK | HSALNG0048546 NBAT1 lnc-PRL-16 PRL CASC15 SOX4 | |
GH06J022362 | Enhancer | 1.1 | Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas | 0.2 | -62.3 | -62265 | 5.7 | BCL11A ZNF217 MBD2 CUX1 RXRA CTBP1 FOXA2 ZBTB33 BATF TCF7L2 | piR-39098-235 piR-44727-006 LOC105374971 PRL HDGFL1 CASC15 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005148 | prolactin receptor binding | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0005179 | hormone activity | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 22325776 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA,TAS | -- |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0031904 | endosome lumen | TAS | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Prolactin Signaling Pathway |
Development Prolactin receptor signaling
.38
|
|
2 | Growth hormone receptor signaling | ||
3 | PEDF Induced Signaling | ||
4 | JAK-STAT signaling pathway | ||
5 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001937 | negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | IDA | 23619365 |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | TAS | 10854700 |
GO:0007565 | female pregnancy | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0007595 | lactation | IEA | -- |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | · | 7c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP7: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PRL 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PRL 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PRL 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP9 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP8 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP14 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP6 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP7 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
CSH1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
PRP5 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PRL 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Prl 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Prl 30 17 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Prl2a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl6a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl3a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl4a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl3b1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl2c5 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl7d1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl2c1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl3d1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl2c3 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl7c1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl3d3 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl2c2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl7b1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl3d2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl5a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl2b1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl8a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl8a2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl8a6 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl7a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl8a8 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl8a9 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl7a2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Prl3c1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PRL 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PRL 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PRL 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | prl.1 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | prl 31 |
|
OneToOne |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 06 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs114131603 | Benign: not provided | 22,292,568(-) |
G/A NM_000948.6(PRL):c.282C>T (p.Pro94=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs138704559 | Benign: not provided | 22,292,550(-) |
G/A NM_000948.6(PRL):c.300C>T (p.Ala100=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs143082873 | Likely Benign: not provided | 22,287,456(-) |
G/A NM_000948.6(PRL):c.630C>T (p.Ile210=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs6240 | Benign: not provided | 22,294,535(-) |
C/T NM_000948.6(PRL):c.78G>A (p.Val26=) |
SYNONYMOUS |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv5924n100 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
esv3608333 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
nsv601119 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv830604 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
impotence |
|
|
pituitary gland disease |
|
|
empty sella syndrome |
|
|
pituitary apoplexy |
|
|
sheehan syndrome |
|
|