VEGFA Gene (Protein Coding)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

GC06P043770
GIFtS:
49
This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel fo... See more...

Aliases for VEGFA Gene

Aliases for VEGFA Gene

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A 2 3 4 5
  • VPF 2 3 4
  • Vascular Permeability Factor 3 4
  • VEGF-A 2 4
  • VEGF 3 4
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A121 3
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A165 3
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 2
  • MVCD1 3
  • VEGFA 5

External Ids for VEGFA Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for VEGFA Gene

  • VEGF

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for VEGFA Gene

  • GC06P043846
  • GC06P043737
  • GC06P043458

Summaries for VEGFA Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for VEGFA Gene

  • This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Elevated levels of this protein are found in patients with POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) and atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame, which is located within an internal ribosome entry site. The levels of VEGF are increased during infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus promoting inflammation by facilitating recruitment of inflammatory cells, and by increasing the level of angiopoietin II (Ang II), one of two products of the SARS-CoV-2 binding target, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In turn, Ang II facilitates the elevation of VEGF, thus forming a vicious cycle in the release of inflammatory cytokines. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]

CIViC Summary for VEGFA Gene

GeneCards Summary for VEGFA Gene

VEGFA (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with VEGFA include Microvascular Complications Of Diabetes 1 and Poems Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Bladder cancer and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and protein heterodimerization activity. An important paralog of this gene is PGF.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for VEGFA Gene

  • Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity).

Gene Wiki entry for VEGFA Gene

Additional gene information for VEGFA Gene

No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for VEGFA Gene

Genomics for VEGFA Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for VEGFA Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around VEGFA on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for VEGFA

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the VEGFA gene promoter:
  • PPAR-alpha
  • PPAR-gamma1

Genomic Locations for VEGFA Gene

Latest Assembly
chr6:43,770,184-43,786,487
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
16,304 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Previous Assembly
chr6:43,737,946-43,754,224
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
16,279 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

chr6:43,737,921-43,754,224
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
16,304 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for VEGFA Gene

Genes around VEGFA on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
VEGFA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for VEGFA Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for VEGFA Gene

Proteins for VEGFA Gene

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  • Protein details for VEGFA Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P15692-VEGFA_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Vascular endothelial growth factor A
    Protein Accession:
    P15692
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B5BU86
    • H0Y2S8
    • H0Y407
    • H0Y414
    • H0Y462
    • H0Y8N2
    • H3BLW7
    • O60720
    • O75875
    • Q074Z4
    • Q16889
    • Q5UB46
    • Q6P0P5
    • Q96KJ0
    • Q96L82
    • Q96NW5
    • Q9H1W8
    • Q9H1W9
    • Q9UH58
    • Q9UL23

    Protein attributes for VEGFA Gene

    Size:
    232 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    27042 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Homodimer; disulfide-linked (By similarity). Also found as heterodimer with PGF (By similarity). Interacts with NRP1 (PubMed:26503042). Interacts with isoform 2 of BSG (PubMed:25825981).
    SequenceCaution:
    • Sequence=AAC63102.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAC63143.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Unusual initiator. The initiator methionine is coded by a non-canonical CTG leucine codon.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
    Miscellaneous:
    • [Isoform L-VEGF165]: Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon. Post-translationally processed to produce the secreted VEGF peptide and a N-terminal peptide N-VEGF. The unprocessed protein and the N-VEGF peptide may localize to the nucleus (PubMed:15896327), the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (PubMed:11731620) or the extracellular matrix (PubMed:11563986).
    • [Isoform L-VEGF121]: Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon. Post-translationally processed to produce the secreted VEGF peptide and a N-terminal peptide N-VEGF. The unprocessed protein and the N-VEGF peptide may localize to the nucleus (PubMed:15896327), the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (PubMed:11731620) or the extracellular matrix (PubMed:11563986).
    • [Isoform L-VEGF189]: Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon. Post-translationally processed to produce the secreted VEGF peptide and a N-terminal peptide N-VEGF. The unprocessed protein and the N-VEGF peptide may localize to the nucleus (PubMed:15896327), the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (PubMed:11731620) or the extracellular matrix (PubMed:11563986).
    • [Isoform L-VEGF206]: Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.
    • [Isoform 15]: Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.
    • [Isoform 16]: Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.
    • [Isoform 17]: Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.
    • [Isoform 18]: Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for VEGFA Gene

    Alternative splice isoforms for VEGFA Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for VEGFA Gene

Protein Expression for VEGFA Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for VEGFA Gene

  • Glycosylation at Asn101
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for VEGFA Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibodies for research

Protein products for research

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for VEGFA Gene

Domains & Families for VEGFA Gene

Gene Families for VEGFA Gene

HGNC:
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Cancer-related genes
  • Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
  • Disease related genes
  • FDA approved drug targets
  • Plasma proteins
  • Predicted intracellular proteins
  • Predicted secreted proteins

Protein Domains for VEGFA Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for VEGFA Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (A2A2V4_HUMAN)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor A splice variant VEGF 117 (Q6WZM0_HUMAN)
  • VEGFA protein (Q96FD9_HUMAN)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (Q9UNS8_HUMAN)
  • Vascular permeability factor (VEGFA_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P15692

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

VEGFA_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with VEGFA: view

Function for VEGFA Gene

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  6. Cell Lines for research

Molecular function for VEGFA Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
By hypoxia. Regulated by growth factors, cytokines, gonadotropins, nitric oxide, hypoglycemia and oncogenic mutations.

LifeMap Function Summary for VEGFA Gene

It affects the following cells:

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for VEGFA Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for VEGFA Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001968 fibronectin binding IDA 14570917
GO:0005125 cytokine activity ISS --
GO:0005161 platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding IPI 17470632
GO:0005172 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding IPI 10471394
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 9393862
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with VEGFA: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with VEGFA: view

Animal Models for VEGFA Gene

MGI Knock Outs for VEGFA:

miRNA for VEGFA Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target VEGFA

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for VEGFA

Clone products for research

  • Addgene plasmids for VEGFA

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for VEGFA Gene

Localization for VEGFA Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for VEGFA Gene

Secreted. Note=VEGF121 is acidic and freely secreted. VEGF165 is more basic, has heparin-binding properties and, although a significant proportion remains cell-associated, most is freely secreted. VEGF189 is very basic, it is cell-associated after secretion and is bound avidly by heparin and the extracellular matrix, although it may be released as a soluble form by heparin, heparinase or plasmin.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for VEGFA gene
Compartment Confidence
extracellular 5
mitochondrion 4
nucleus 4
cytosol 4
plasma membrane 3
cytoskeleton 3
endoplasmic reticulum 3
endosome 3
lysosome 3
peroxisome 2
golgi apparatus 2

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for VEGFA Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region IEA,TAS --
GO:0005615 extracellular space IBA,ISS --
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IDA 17082651
GO:0005912 adherens junction IDA 26598555
GO:0009986 cell surface IDA 17470632
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with VEGFA: view

No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for VEGFA Gene

Pathways & Interactions for VEGFA Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with VEGFA: view

Pathways by source for VEGFA Gene

1 Sino Biological pathway for VEGFA Gene
10 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for VEGFA Gene
  • Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling
  • Cytoskeleton remodeling FAK signaling
  • Development VEGF signaling and activation
  • Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
  • Development VEGF-family signaling
15 Qiagen pathways for VEGFA Gene
  • Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
  • CRHR Pathway
  • eNOS Signaling
  • HIF1Alpha Pathway
  • ILK Signaling
2 GeneTex pathways for VEGFA Gene

SIGNOR curated interactions for VEGFA Gene

Activates:
Is activated by:
Is inactivated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for VEGFA Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA 18093989
GO:0001525 angiogenesis IEA,IDA 11427521
GO:0001541 ovarian follicle development ISS --
GO:0001569 branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis ISS --
GO:0001570 vasculogenesis TAS 15015550
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with VEGFA: view

Drugs & Compounds for VEGFA Gene

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  1. Drug products for research

(118) Drugs for VEGFA Gene - From: DrugBank, PharmGKB, ApexBio, DGIdb, HMDB, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
pegaptanib Approved, Investigational Pharma Target, antagonist 0
Ranibizumab Approved Pharma Target, inhibitor 565
Bevacizumab Approved, Investigational Pharma Target, antagonist, antibody, inhibitor VEGF antagonist, Therapeutic Antibodies, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors 2478
Aflibercept Approved Pharma Target, binder, inhibitor Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors 0
Minocycline Approved, Investigational Pharma Target, inhibitor 240

(28) Additional Compounds for VEGFA Gene - From: HMDB and Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
7-Hydroxygliclazide
  • N'-{5-hydroxy-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2-yl}-N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)carbamimidate
  • N'-{5-hydroxy-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2-yl}-N-(4-methylbenzenesulphonyl)carbamimidate
  • N'-{5-hydroxy-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2-yl}-N-(4-methylbenzenesulphonyl)carbamimidic acid