TRB Gene (Protein Coding)

• T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor beta locus. The beta locus includes V (variable), J (joining), diversity (D), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the beta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments and one J segment of the beta locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The beta locus also includes eight trypsinogen genes, three of which encode functional proteins and five of which are pseudogenes. Chromosomal abnormalities involving the T-cell receptor beta locus have been associated with T-cell lymphomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TRB (T Cell Receptor Beta Locus) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TRB include Trypsinogen Deficiency and Prss1-Related Hereditary Pancreatitis. Among its related pathways are Immune response Function of MEF2 in T lymphocytes and Cytokines and Inflammatory Response.

• The beta chain of TRAV27*01J42*01C*01/TRBV19*01J2S7*01C*02 alpha-beta T cell receptor (TR) clonotype that is specific for HLA-A*02:01-restricted M/matrix protein 1 immunodominant epitope GILGFVFTL of influenza A virus (IAV). Classified as a public TCR clonotype, it is preferentially selected in effector memory CD8-positive T cells among multiple HLA-A*02:01 carriers/individuals and confers long-lived immunity against IAV infection. Can cross-recognize sporadically emerging IAV variants by molecular mimicry, inducing immunity toward different influenza strains (PubMed:1833769, PubMed:7807026, PubMed:29997621, PubMed:27036003, PubMed:12796775, PubMed:18275829). Antigen recognition initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn, ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell differentiation into effector/memory T cells (By similarity).

  • TRBR1_HUMAN,P0DSE2
• The beta chain of TRAV38-2DV8*01J31*01C*01/TRBV25-1*01J2S3*01C2*01 alpha-beta T cell receptor (TR) clonotype that displays pan-cancer cell recognition via the invariant MR1 molecule. On CD8-positive T cell clone MC.7.G5, likely recognizes tumor-specific or -associated metabolite(s) essential for cancer cell survival, triggering killing of many cancer cell types including lung, melanoma, leukemia, colon, breast, prostate, bone and ovarian cancer cells. Mediates cancer cell cytotoxicity in an HLA-independent manner. Has no reactivity to healthy cells even stressed or infected by bacteria (PubMed:31959982). Antigen recognition initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn, ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell differentiation into effector/memory T cells (By similarity).

  • TRBR2_HUMAN,P0DTU4

• HGNC (12155)
• NCBI Entrez Gene (6957)
• UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P0DSE2)
• UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P0DTU4)
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• Monarch Initiative
• Search for TRB at DataMed
• Search for TRB at HumanCyc

No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for TRB Gene

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for TRB Gene

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Phenotypes , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for TRB Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TRB Gene

No data available for Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS and Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for TRB Gene

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for TRB Gene

No data available for mRNA/cDNA for TRB Gene

No data available for mRNA expression in normal human tissues , mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners , Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for TRB Gene

No data available for Orthologs and Evolution for TRB Gene

No data available for Paralogs for TRB Gene

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot , dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance , Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) and Variation tolerance for TRB Gene

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for TRB Gene

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