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TPX2 Gene(Protein Coding)

TPX2, Microtubule Nucleation Factor

GCID:
GC20P031739
GIFtS:
50
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for TPX2 Gene

Aliases for TPX2 Gene

  • TPX2, Microtubule Nucleation Factor 2 3 5
  • Differentially Expressed In Cancerous And Non-Cancerous Lung Cells 2 3 4
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Associated Antigen 519 3 4
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Associated Antigen 90 3 4
  • Protein Fls353 3 4
  • C20orf1 3 4
  • C20orf2 3 4
  • HCA519 3 4
  • DIL-2 3 4
  • P100 3 4
  • DIL2 3 4
  • Restricted Expression Proliferation Associated Protein 100 3
  • Restricted Expression Proliferation-Associated Protein 100 4
  • TPX2, Microtubule-Associated, Homolog (Xenopus Laevis) 2
  • Preferentially Expressed In Colorectal Cancer 3
  • TPX2, Microtubule-Associated Protein Homolog 3
  • Differentially Expressed In Lung Cells 3
  • TPX2, Microtubule-Associated, Homolog 3
  • Chromosome 20 Open Reading Frame 1 2
  • TPX2, Microtubule-Associated 2
  • Targeting Protein For Xklp2 3
  • GD:C20orf1 3
  • FLS353 3
  • REPP86 3
  • HCTP4 3

External Ids for TPX2 Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for TPX2 Gene

  • C20orf2
  • C20orf1

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for TPX2 Gene

  • GC20P031024
  • GC20P031072
  • GC20P031071
  • GC20P029790
  • GC20P030326
  • GC20P027115

Summaries for TPX2 Gene

GeneCards Summary for TPX2 Gene

TPX2 (TPX2, Microtubule Nucleation Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TPX2 include Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Among its related pathways are Gene Expression and Regulation of TP53 Activity. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding and protein kinase binding.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TPX2 Gene

  • Spindle assembly factor required for normal assembly of mitotic spindles. Required for normal assembly of microtubules during apoptosis. Required for chromatin and/or kinetochore dependent microtubule nucleation. Mediates AURKA localization to spindle microtubules (PubMed:18663142, PubMed:19208764). Activates AURKA by promoting its autophosphorylation at Thr-288 and protects this residue against dephosphorylation (PubMed:18663142, PubMed:19208764). TPX2 is inactivated upon binding to importin-alpha (PubMed:26165940). At the onset of mitosis, GOLGA2 interacts with importin-alpha, liberating TPX2 from importin-alpha, allowing TPX2 to activates AURKA kinase and stimulates local microtubule nucleation (PubMed:26165940).

Gene Wiki entry for TPX2 Gene

Additional gene information for TPX2 Gene

No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for TPX2 Gene

Genomics for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for TPX2 Gene

Promoters and enhancers for TPX2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier GH Type GH
Score		 GH Sources Gene Association Score Total Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor
Binding Sites		 Gene Targets
GH20I031738 Promoter/Enhancer 2.3 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 550.4 +6.0 5958 3.3 HDGF ZFP64 ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZNF2 YY1 SLC30A9 POLR2B ZNF213 TPX2 ASXL1 TM9SF4 PLAGL2 BAK1P1 HM13 MYLK2 COX4I2 GC20P031746
GH20I031742 Promoter 0.5 EPDnew 550.4 +8.7 8748 0.1 TPX2 MYLK2 GC20P031746
GH20I031733 Enhancer 0.3 dbSUPER 550.8 +0.2 169 0.8 ZNF664 TPX2 GC20P031746
GH20I031702 Enhancer 1.7 FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 12.1 -27.6 -27613 6.8 HDGF PKNOX1 SMAD1 FOXA2 MLX ARNT ZFP64 ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 COX4I2 ASXL1 TM9SF4 TPX2 ID1 BAK1P1 HM13 BCL2L1 ABALON LOC105372589
GH20I031683 Enhancer 1.1 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 12.4 -47.5 -47499 4.7 HDAC1 ZNF146 PKNOX1 ZNF133 EBF1 ZNF48 ZBTB40 GATA3 POLR2A IKZF2 COX4I2 BCL2L1 TPX2 RNU6-384P HM13-AS1 MYLK2 LOC105372589 ABALON
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

GeneHancers around TPX2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the TPX2 gene promoter:

Genomic Locations for TPX2 Gene

Genomic Locations for TPX2 Gene
chr20:31,733,819-31,801,805
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
67,987 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand
chr20:30,326,904-30,389,608
(GRCh37/hg19)

Genomic View for TPX2 Gene

Genes around TPX2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
TPX2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for TPX2 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for TPX2 Gene

Proteins for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for TPX2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    Q9ULW0-TPX2_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Targeting protein for Xklp2
    Protein Accession:
    Q9ULW0
    Secondary Accessions:
    • Q96RR5
    • Q9H1R4
    • Q9NRA3
    • Q9UFN9
    • Q9UL00
    • Q9Y2M1

    Protein attributes for TPX2 Gene

    Size:
    747 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    85653 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts with AURKA (PubMed:14580337, PubMed:18662907, PubMed:18663142). Interacts with importin-alpha; leading to inactivate TPX2 (PubMed:26165940). Interacts with HNRNPU; this interaction recruits HNRNPU to spindle microtubules (MTs) (PubMed:21242313, PubMed:25986610).

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for TPX2 Gene

    Alternative splice isoforms for TPX2 Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for TPX2 Gene

Protein Expression for TPX2 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for TPX2 Gene

  • Ubiquitination at isoforms=244, posLast=4848, isoforms=2524, and isoforms=2567
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for TPX2 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for TPX2 Gene

Domains & Families for TPX2 Gene

Gene Families for TPX2 Gene

Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Cancer-related genes
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for TPX2 Gene

InterPro:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for TPX2 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

Q9ULW0

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

TPX2_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the TPX2 family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the TPX2 family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with TPX2: view

Function for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line

Molecular function for TPX2 Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Spindle assembly factor required for normal assembly of mitotic spindles. Required for normal assembly of microtubules during apoptosis. Required for chromatin and/or kinetochore dependent microtubule nucleation. Mediates AURKA localization to spindle microtubules (PubMed:18663142, PubMed:19208764). Activates AURKA by promoting its autophosphorylation at Thr-288 and protects this residue against dephosphorylation (PubMed:18663142, PubMed:19208764). TPX2 is inactivated upon binding to importin-alpha (PubMed:26165940). At the onset of mitosis, GOLGA2 interacts with importin-alpha, liberating TPX2 from importin-alpha, allowing TPX2 to activates AURKA kinase and stimulates local microtubule nucleation (PubMed:26165940).

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for TPX2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for TPX2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 14580337
GO:0005524 ATP binding TAS 10512675
GO:0005525 GTP binding TAS 10512675
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding IPI 14580337
GO:0061676 importin-alpha family protein binding IDA 26165940
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with TPX2: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with TPX2: view

Animal Model Products

miRNA for TPX2 Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target TPX2

Clone Products

  • Addgene plasmids for TPX2

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for TPX2 Gene

Localization for TPX2 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TPX2 Gene

Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole. Note=During mitosis it is strictly associated with the spindle pole and with the mitotic spindle, whereas during S and G2, it is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleus. Is released from the nucleus in apoptotic cells and is detected on apoptotic microtubules. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:19208764}.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for TPX2 gene
Compartment Confidence
cytoskeleton 5
nucleus 5
cytosol 4

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Cytokinetic bridge (4)
  • Microtubule organizing center (4)
  • Mitotic spindle (4)
  • Nucleoplasm (4)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for TPX2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000922 colocalizes_with spindle pole IDA 14718566
GO:0005634 nucleus TAS 9207457
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm TAS --
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA --
GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center IDA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with TPX2: view

Pathways & Interactions for TPX2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with TPX2: view

Pathways by source for TPX2 Gene

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for TPX2 Gene
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for TPX2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for TPX2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle TAS 9207457
GO:0006915 apoptotic process IEA --
GO:0007049 cell cycle IEA --
GO:0008283 cell proliferation TAS 10512675
GO:0010389 regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with TPX2: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for TPX2 Gene

Drugs & Compounds for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(2) Drugs for TPX2 Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials

(1) Additional Compounds for TPX2 Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with TPX2: view

Transcripts for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone

mRNA/cDNA for TPX2 Gene

(4) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(14) Additional mRNA sequences :
(462) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(2) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for TPX2 Gene

TPX2, microtubule-associated, homolog (Xenopus laevis):
Representative Sequences:

Clone Products

  • Addgene plasmids for TPX2

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TPX2 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d · 1e · 1f ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b · 5c ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b · 8c · 8d ^ 9a · 9b ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13 ^
SP1: - - - -
SP2: - - - -
SP3:
SP4:
SP5: -
SP6: - - - - -
SP7: - - - - -
SP8: - -
SP9:
SP10: - - - - - -
SP11:
SP12: -

ExUns: 14 ^ 15 ^ 16a · 16b ^ 17 ^ 18 ^ 19 ^ 20 ^ 21 ^ 22a · 22b ^ 23a · 23b
SP1: -
SP2: - -
SP3:
SP4: - -
SP5:
SP6:
SP7:
SP8:
SP9:
SP10:
SP11:
SP12:

Relevant External Links for TPX2 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
TPX2
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
TPX2

Expression for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer
  2. Gene Expression Assay

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for TPX2 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for TPX2 Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for TPX2 GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for TPX2 Gene

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for TPX2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Testis (x5.8).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for TPX2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Lung (27.8), Urinary Bladder (11.3), Liver (11.3), and Rectum (8.6).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for TPX2 Gene



NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of TPX2 Gene:

TPX2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for TPX2 Gene:

Hs.244580

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for TPX2 Gene:

Q9ULW0-TPX2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Expressed in lung carcinoma cell lines but not in normal lung tissues.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for TPX2 Gene

  • Liver(4.6)
  • Nervous system(4.6)
  • Lung(4.5)
  • Intestine(3.4)
  • Skin(2.2)
  • Lymph node(2.1)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with TPX2: view

No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for TPX2 Gene

Orthologs for TPX2 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for TPX2 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia TPX2 33 34
  • 99.46 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia TPX2 33 34
  • 91.28 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia TPX2 33 34
  • 87.55 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Tpx2 33
  • 82.37 (n)
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Tpx2 33 16 34
  • 82.19 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia TPX2 34
  • 73 (a)
 OneToOne
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia TPX2 34
  • 55 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves TPX2 33 34
  • 65.47 (n)
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia TPX2 34
  • 54 (a)
 OneToOne
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia tpx2 33
  • 57.19 (n)
Str.8066 33
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia TPX2 33
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii tpx2 34
  • 46 (a)
 OneToOne
wufa12d08 33
rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 Actinopterygii Omy.2378 33
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea CSA.10570 34
  • 34 (a)
 OneToOne
Species where no ortholog for TPX2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for TPX2 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for TPX2 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for TPX2 (if available)

Paralogs for TPX2 Gene

(2) SIMAP similar genes for TPX2 Gene using alignment to 2 proteins:

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with TPX2: view

No data available for Paralogs for TPX2 Gene

Variants for TPX2 Gene

Products:

  1. SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for TPX2 Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 20 pos Variation AA Info Type
VAR_036269 A colorectal cancer sample p.Thr464Asn
rs1000019961 -- 31,738,867(+) C/T upstream_transcript_variant
rs1000046520 -- 31,781,670(+) A/C intron_variant
rs1000109871 -- 31,787,459(+) G/C intron_variant
rs1000154924 -- 31,743,069(+) C/T intron_variant

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for TPX2 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv4300n100 CNV gain 25217958
esv3394936 CNV insertion 20981092
esv3556995 CNV deletion 23714750
esv3645656 CNV loss 21293372
nsv3346 CNV insertion 18451855

Variation tolerance for TPX2 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 11.3% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 2.14; 38.96% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for TPX2 Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
TPX2
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
TPX2

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TPX2 Gene

Disorders for TPX2 Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(2) MalaCards diseases for TPX2 Gene - From: HGMD, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards

- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search TPX2 in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Additional Disease Information for TPX2

Genetic Association Database
(GAD)
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with TPX2: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for TPX2 Gene

Publications for TPX2 Gene

  1. Assignment of human proliferation associated p100 gene (C20orf1) to human chromosome band 20q11.2 by in situ hybridization. (PMID: 10393424) Zhang Y … Parwaresch R (Cytogenetics and cell genetics 1999) 2 3 4 22 58
  2. p100: a novel proliferation-associated nuclear protein specifically restricted to cell cycle phases S, G2, and M. (PMID: 9207457) Heidebrecht HJ … Parwaresch R (Blood 1997) 2 3 4 22 58
  3. Dynamic release of nuclear RanGTP triggers TPX2-dependent microtubule assembly during the apoptotic execution phase. (PMID: 19208764) Moss DK … Lane JD (Journal of cell science 2009) 3 4 22 58
  4. Modulation of kinase-inhibitor interactions by auxiliary protein binding: crystallography studies on Aurora A interactions with VX-680 and with TPX2. (PMID: 18662907) Zhao B … Lai Z (Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2008) 3 4 22 58
  5. Building a spindle of the correct length in human cells requires the interaction between TPX2 and Aurora A. (PMID: 18663142) Bird AW … Hyman AA (The Journal of cell biology 2008) 3 4 22 58

Products for TPX2 Gene

  • Addgene plasmids for TPX2

Sources for TPX2 Gene

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