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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
TLR2 (Toll Like Receptor 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TLR2 include Leprosy 3 and Colorectal Cancer. Among its related pathways are Phagocytosis of Microbes and Bacterial infections in CF airways. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein heterodimerization activity and transmembrane signaling receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is TLR10.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are single transmembrane cell-surface receptors, which have a key role in the innate immune system. TLRs generally exist as homodimers (heterodimers have been reported) and are found on immune cells; macrophages, B lymphocytes and mast cells.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001530 | lipopolysaccharide binding | IDA | 11274165 |
GO:0001540 | amyloid-beta binding | ISS | -- |
GO:0001875 | lipopolysaccharide receptor activity | TAS | 11518816 |
GO:0004888 | transmembrane signaling receptor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IEA,IPI | 11441107 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IDA | 19740627 |
GO:0005794 | Golgi apparatus | IDA | 16880211 |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | IDA,TAS | -- |
GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | IDA | 19509287 |
GO:0009986 | cell surface | IEA,IDA | 12443841 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Activated TLR4 signalling | ||
2 | Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade | ||
3 | Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway |
.37
.31
|
|
4 | Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways |
Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways
.42
|
|
5 | Defensins |
.81
.81
|
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001666 | response to hypoxia | IEA | -- |
GO:0001774 | microglial cell activation | IEA | -- |
GO:0001775 | cell activation | IDA | 15294986 |
GO:0002224 | toll-like receptor signaling pathway | IEA,TAS | -- |
GO:0002237 | response to molecule of bacterial origin | IEA | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adapalene | Approved | Pharma | Target, antagonist | RAR尾 and RAR纬 agonist | 90 | |
Lyme disease vaccine (recombinant OspA) | Approved, Withdrawn | Pharma | Target, other/unknown | 0 | ||
Tuberculin purified protein derivative | Approved | Pharma | Target, ligand | 0 | ||
Cyclophosphamide | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Nitrogen mustard alkylating agent and prodrug. | 3824 | ||
Cyproterone Acetate | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Androgen receptor antagonist | 48 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
---|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Imiquimod | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist | 99011-02-6 |
Pam3CSK4 | TLR1/2 agonist; induces cytokine production | 112208-00-1 |
Poly(I:C) | TLR3 agonist | 24939-03-5 |
Resiquimod | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist | 144875-48-9 |
RWJ 21757 | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist | 121288-39-9 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Toll-like receptor modulator | TLR antagonist | 926927-42-6 |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | TLR2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | TLR2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | TLR2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Tlr2 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Tlr2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | TLR2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | TLR2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | TLR2-2 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TLR15 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100485771 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | tlr2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Toll-9 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 04 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
992555 | Uncertain Significance: Colorectal cancer; Leprosy 3; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to | 153,704,247(+) |
G/A NM_001318789.2(TLR2):c.1340G>A (p.Arg447Gln) |
MISSENSE | |
rs116232047 | Likely Benign: not provided | 153,703,178(+) |
A/G NM_001318789.2(TLR2):c.271A>G (p.Ile91Val) |
MISSENSE | |
rs121917864 | Risk Factor: Leprosy 3. - | 153,704,936(+) |
C/Tp.Arg677Trp NM_003264.5(TLR2):c.2029C>T (p.Arg677Trp) |
MISSENSE | |
rs1372983603 | Not Provided: Hereditary angioedema with normal C1Inh | 153,703,489(+) |
G/C NM_001318789.2(TLR2):c.582G>C (p.Leu194Phe) |
MISSENSE | |
rs137853176 | Not Provided: not provided. - | 153,703,172(+) |
A/Gp.Asn89Asp NM_003264.5(TLR2):c.265A>G (p.Asn89Asp) |
MISSENSE |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
leprosy 3 |
|
|
colorectal cancer |
|
|
lepromatous leprosy |
|
|
lyme disease |
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
|