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This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a ... See more...
Aliases for TGFB2 Gene
Aliases for TGFB2 Gene
External Ids for TGFB2 Gene
- HGNC: 11768
- Entrez Gene: 7042
- Ensembl: ENSG00000092969
- OMIM: 190220
- UniProtKB: P61812
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for TGFB2 Gene
- GC01P217194
- GC01P214364
- GC01P215122
- GC01P215576
- GC01P214908
- GC01P216586
- GC01P218519
- GC01P189187
Summaries for TGFB2 Gene
-
This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a mature peptide homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGF-beta binding protein, or in an active form consisting solely of the mature peptide homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGF-beta family members. Disruption of the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. A chromosomal translocation that includes this gene is associated with Peters' anomaly, a congenital defect of the anterior chamber of the eye. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome. This gene encodes multiple isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
GeneCards Summary for TGFB2 Gene
TGFB2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TGFB2 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 4 and Holt-Oram Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling and Degradation of the extracellular matrix. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and signaling receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is TGFB3.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for TGFB2 Gene
-
Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively.
-
[Latency-associated peptide]: Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix (By similarity). Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-2 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1 and LRRC32/GARP, that control activation of TGF-beta-2 (By similarity).
-
Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (PubMed:22772371, PubMed:22772368). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-2 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix (By similarity). At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1 and LRRC32/GARP, that control activation of TGF-beta-2 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus (By similarity). Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-2 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal (By similarity).
Additional gene information for TGFB2 Gene
- HGNC(11768)
- Entrez Gene(7042)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000092969)
- OMIM(190220)
- UniProtKB(P61812)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000092969)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for TGFB2 at DataMed
- Search for TGFB2 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for TGFB2 Gene
Genomics for TGFB2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for TGFB2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around TGFB2 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for TGFB2
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the TGFB2 gene promoter:
-
- AP-1
- ATF-2
- c-Jun
- C/EBPbeta
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- GR
- GR-alpha
- GR-beta
- p53
Genomic Locations for TGFB2 Gene
Genomic Locations for TGFB2 Gene
- chr1:218,345,284-218,444,619
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 99,336 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr1:218,518,676-218,617,961
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 99,286 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for TGFB2 Gene
Genes around TGFB2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1q41 by HGNC
- 1q41 by Entrez Gene
- 1q41 by Ensembl
TGFB2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for TGFB2 Gene
Proteins for TGFB2 Gene
-
Protein details for TGFB2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P61812-TGFB2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein
- Protein Accession:
- P61812
- B4DKC5
- P08112
- Q15579
- Q15581
- Q4VAV9
Protein attributes for TGFB2 Gene
- Size:
- 414 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 47748 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with the serine proteases, HTRA1 and HTRA3 (By similarity). Interacts with ASPN (PubMed:17827158). Interacts with MFAP5 (By similarity). Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chain; interaction is non-covalent and maintains (TGF-beta-2) in a latent state (By similarity). Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with LRRC32/GARP; leading to regulate activation of TGF-beta-2 (PubMed:19651619). Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with NREP; the interaction results in a decrease in TGFB2 autoinduction (By similarity). Transforming growth factor beta-2: Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:1631557, PubMed:1641027). Transforming growth factor beta-2: Interacts with TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), leading to signal transduction (By similarity).
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for TGFB2 Gene
Alternative splice isoforms for TGFB2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
Protein Expression for TGFB2 Gene
Post-translational modifications for TGFB2 Gene
- Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: The precursor proprotein is cleaved in the Golgi apparatus to form Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) and Latency-associated peptide (LAP) chains, which remain non-covalently linked, rendering TGF-beta-2 inactive.
-
Glycosylation at Asn72, Asn140, and Asn241
- NX_P61812 (NX_P61812-1)
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
-
Glycosylation from GlyConnect
- TGFB2_HUMAN (1836)
Other Protein References for TGFB2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ TGF beta2 Antibody
- NSJ Bioreagents TGFB2 Antibody / TGF beta 2
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for TGFB2
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-
Abcam antibodies for TGFB2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for TGFB2 (AFLGC-TGFB2)
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for TGFB2
- Sino Biological Antibodies for TGFB2
Protein Products
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for TGFB2
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- Novus Biologicals lysates for TGFB2
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for TGFB2
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for TGFB2
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for TGFB2
-
Abcam proteins for TGFB2
Assay Products
- RayBiotech Human TGF-beta 2 ELISA
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for TGFB2
- antibodies-online: Show 119 available TGFB2 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top TGFB2 Elisa Kits
-
Quality Products:
- ABIN625095
- ABIN1117574
- ABIN1889330
- ABIN365309
- ABIN4993221
- ABIN924865
- ABIN1572672
- ABIN3198481
- ABIN5524725
- ABIN2708384
- ABIN1117399
- ABIN1889332
- ABIN2708605
- ABIN365352
- ABIN1572673
- ABIN4948087
- ABIN5524726
- ABIN6719996
- ABIN2685627
- ABIN1117563
- ABIN1889331
- ABIN365267
- ABIN1874247
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- ABIN2708678
- ABIN6719917
- ABIN2685628
- ABIN365371
- ABIN5510612
- ABIN775775
- ABIN1567585
- ABIN4973195
-
Abcam assays for TGFB2
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for TGFB2 Gene
Domains & Families for TGFB2 Gene
Gene Families for TGFB2 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Disease related genes
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for TGFB2 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb), N-terminal
- Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb)
- Growth factor cystine knot superfamily signature
- Transforming growth factor beta precursor signature
- Transforming growth factor beta 2 precursor signature
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for TGFB2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Polyergin (TGFB2_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P61812- Family:
-
- Belongs to the TGF-beta family.
Function for TGFB2 Gene
Molecular function for TGFB2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- [Latency-associated peptide]: Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix (By similarity). Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-2 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1 and LRRC32/GARP, that control activation of TGF-beta-2 (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (PubMed:22772371, PubMed:22772368). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-2 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix (By similarity). At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1 and LRRC32/GARP, that control activation of TGF-beta-2 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus (By similarity). Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-2 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal (By similarity).
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- transforming growth factor,beta 2,152.6kDa,homodimerizing,expressed by fibroblast,platelet,monocyte,chondrocyte,osteoblasts,including the latency associated peptide (LAP),inhibitor of epithelial cell growth and inductor of extracellular matrix formation
LifeMap Function Summary for TGFB2 Gene
During embryonic development, TGFB2 as signaling molecule is secreted from the following cells
- Tendon & Ligament
- Eye
- Brain
- Somite
- Limb
- Bone
It affects the following cells:
- Eye
- Tendon & Ligament
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for TGFB2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001540 | amyloid-beta binding | IDA | 16227582 |
| GO:0005102 | signaling receptor binding | IMP | 16227582 |
| GO:0005114 | type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | IBA,IPI | 1333888 |
| GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005160 | transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | IDA | 10092230 |
Phenotypes for TGFB2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for TGFB2:
-
inferred from 1 alleles
- nervous system phenotype
- immune system phenotype
- respiratory system phenotype
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- cellular phenotype
- mortality/aging
- muscle phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- reproductive system phenotype
- vision/eye phenotype
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- embryo phenotype
- craniofacial phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for TGFB2:
Animal Models for TGFB2 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for TGFB2:
-
- Tgfb2 Tgfb2<tm1Doe>
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for TGFB2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * TGFB2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for TGFB2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for TGFB2
miRNA for TGFB2 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target TGFB2
-
- hsa-miR-141-3p (MIRT002285)
- hsa-miR-29b-3p (MIRT006058)
- hsa-miR-335-5p (MIRT017363)
- hsa-miR-375 (MIRT019708)
- hsa-miR-21-5p (MIRT030844)
- rno-miR-200a-3p (MIRT054497)
- hsa-miR-137 (MIRT437425)
- mmu-miR-335-3p (MIRT580490)
- mmu-miR-23b-3p (MIRT580491)
- mmu-miR-23a-3p (MIRT580492)
- mmu-miR-145a-5p (MIRT580493)
- mmu-miR-199a-5p (MIRT580494)
- mmu-miR-495-3p (MIRT580495)
- mmu-miR-1192 (MIRT580496)
- mmu-miR-141-3p (MIRT580497)
- mmu-miR-200a-3p (MIRT580498)
- mmu-miR-2136 (MIRT590910)
- mmu-miR-466k (MIRT590911)
- mmu-miR-466l-5p (MIRT590912)
- mmu-miR-466d-5p (MIRT590913)
- mmu-miR-3096b-3p (MIRT590914)
- mmu-miR-466i-5p (MIRT590915)
- hsa-miR-4446-5p (MIRT652723)
- hsa-miR-510-3p (MIRT652724)
- hsa-miR-3679-3p (MIRT652725)
- hsa-miR-8058 (MIRT652726)
- hsa-miR-5009-5p (MIRT652727)
- hsa-miR-6826-3p (MIRT652728)
- hsa-miR-631 (MIRT652729)
- hsa-miR-3661 (MIRT652730)
- hsa-miR-422a (MIRT652731)
- hsa-miR-378i (MIRT652732)
- hsa-miR-378h (MIRT652733)
- hsa-miR-378f (MIRT652734)
- hsa-miR-378e (MIRT652735)
- hsa-miR-378d (MIRT652736)
- hsa-miR-378c (MIRT652737)
- hsa-miR-378b (MIRT652738)
- hsa-miR-378a-3p (MIRT652739)
- hsa-miR-3690 (MIRT652740)
- hsa-miR-6832-3p (MIRT652741)
- hsa-miR-619-3p (MIRT652742)
- hsa-miR-193a-3p (MIRT731238)
- hsa-miR-200a-3p (MIRT732234)
- mmu-miR-31-5p (MIRT732539)
- hsa-miR-199a-5p (MIRT732715)
- hsa-miR-148a-3p (MIRT733135)
- hsa-miR-142-5p (MIRT734688)
- hsa-miR-23a-5p (MIRT735093)
- hsa-miR-23b-5p (MIRT735094)
- hsa-miR-145-5p (MIRT735095)
- hsa-miR-153-5p (MIRT735113)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for TGFB2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for TGFB2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for TGFB2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * TGFB2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG203277
- MG225633
- MR203277
- MR203277L3
- MR203277L4
- MR225633
- MR225633L3
- MR225633L4
- RC212624
- RC212624L1
- RC212624L2
- RC212624L3
- RC212624L4
- RC227984
- RC227984L1
- RC227984L2
- RC227984L3
- RC227984L4
- RG212624
- RG227984
- RR203156
- RR203156L3
- RR203156L4
- MR203277L3V
- MR203277L4V
- MR225633L3V
- MR225633L4V
- RC212624L1V
- RC212624L2V
- RC212624L3V
- RC212624L4V
- RC227984L1V
- RC227984L2V
- RC227984L3V
- RC227984L4V
- RR203156L3V
- RR203156L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for TGFB2
- Addgene plasmids for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for TGFB2
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for TGFB2
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for TGFB2 Gene
Localization for TGFB2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TGFB2 Gene
- [Latency-associated peptide]: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.
- [Transforming growth factor beta-2]: Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 3 |
| cytoskeleton | 3 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| lysosome | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | 2119582 |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IDA | 24263861 |
| GO:0030424 | axon | ISS | -- |
| GO:0031093 | platelet alpha granule lumen | TAS | -- |
| GO:0043025 | neuronal cell body | ISS | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for TGFB2 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for TGFB2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts |
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
.85
Mitochondrial Apoptosis
.85
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
.84
p53 Mediated Apoptosis
.84
DHA Signaling
.74
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
.72
PPAR Pathway
.66
|
Rac1 Pathway
.65
Glioma Invasiveness
.64
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
ERK5 Signaling
.61
eIF2 Pathway
.60
Rap1 Pathway
.57
Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
.57
|
| 2 | GPCR Pathway |
Paxillin Interactions
.73
Ras Pathway
.73
GPCR Pathway
.62
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
.59
|
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
.58
NFAT in Immune Response
.58
Estrogen Pathway
.55
|
| 3 | ERK Signaling |
ERK Signaling
.61
Rho Family GTPases
.61
MAPK Signaling
.58
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
.51
ILK Signaling
.49
|
| 4 | Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency |
GSK3 Signaling
.62
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
.62
|
14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
.59
eNOS Signaling
.48
|
| 5 | Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA |
Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
.77
cAMP Pathway
.77
|
Activation of PKA through GPCR
.71
PKA Signaling
.56
|
Pathways by source for TGFB2 Gene
8 BioSystems pathways for TGFB2 Gene
8 Reactome pathways for TGFB2 Gene
30 KEGG pathways for TGFB2 Gene
2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for TGFB2 Gene
- Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling
- Cell cycle Regulation of G1/S transition (part 1)
7 R&D Systems pathways for TGFB2 Gene
- IL-2 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types
- IL-21 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types
- IL-4 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types
- IL-9 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers
68 Qiagen pathways for TGFB2 Gene
- 14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
- Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
- Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
- Activation of PKA through GPCR
- Activation of PKC through GPCR
2 Cell Signaling Technology pathways for TGFB2 Gene
Interacting Proteins for TGFB2 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P61812-TGFB2_HUMAN
ENSP00000355896
for TGFB2 Gene via
UniProtKB
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for TGFB2
SIGNOR curated interactions for TGFB2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000902 | cell morphogenesis | IDA | 15896309 |
| GO:0001501 | skeletal system development | ISS | -- |
| GO:0001654 | eye development | IDA | 15944186 |
| GO:0001666 | response to hypoxia | IMP | 12411310 |
| GO:0001822 | kidney development | ISS | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for TGFB2 Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
(1) ApexBio Compounds for TGFB2 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| ITD 1 | The first selective TGFβ inhibitor | 1099644-42-4 |
Drug Products
- ApexBio compounds for TGFB2
Transcripts for TGFB2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for TGFB2 Gene
- 2 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 12 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000366929 5053 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000366930 5868 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000479322 1508 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000488793 405 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for TGFB2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * TGFB2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for TGFB2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for TGFB2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for TGFB2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for TGFB2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for TGFB2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * TGFB2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG203277
- MG225633
- MR203277
- MR203277L3
- MR203277L4
- MR225633
- MR225633L3
- MR225633L4
- RC212624
- RC212624L1
- RC212624L2
- RC212624L3
- RC212624L4
- RC227984
- RC227984L1
- RC227984L2
- RC227984L3
- RC227984L4
- RG212624
- RG227984
- RR203156
- RR203156L3
- RR203156L4
- MR203277L3V
- MR203277L4V
- MR225633L3V
- MR225633L4V
- RC212624L1V
- RC212624L2V
- RC212624L3V
- RC212624L4V
- RC227984L1V
- RC227984L2V
- RC227984L3V
- RC227984L4V
- RR203156L3V
- RR203156L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for TGFB2
- Addgene plasmids for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for TGFB2
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| SP4: |
Relevant External Links for TGFB2 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- TGFB2
Expression for TGFB2 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Fusing Suture Cells Rostral Sutures
- Hypertrophic Chondrocytes Vertebrae
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Dorsal Neural Arch
- Endochondral Preosteoblasts Stylopod Perichondrium
- Chondrocytes Vertebrae
-
Cartilage (Muscoskeletal System)
- Hypertrophic Chondrocytes Vertebrae
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Dorsal Neural Arch
- Chondrocytes Vertebrae
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Lateral Neural Arch
- Prehypertrophic Chondrocytes Vertebrae
-
Epithelial Cells
- Outer Root Sheath Cells Outer Root Sheath
- Acinar Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Pancreatic Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
- Mature Choroid Plexus Cells Choroid Plexus
- Pancreatic Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
-
Pancreas (Endocrine System)
- Acinar Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Pancreatic Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
- Pancreatic Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Acinar Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
- Acinar Cells Pancreatic Acini
-
Limb (Muscoskeletal System)
- Tendon Progenitor Cells Limb Bud
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Stylopod
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Zeugopod
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Autopod
-
Eye (Sensory Organs)
- AII Amacrine Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
- Mature Rod Bipolar Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
- Retina
- Trabecular meshwork-derived mesenchymal stem cells
-
Heart (Cardiovascular System)
- Atrioventricular Canal Cells Atrioventricular Canal
- Cushion Mesenchymal Cells Endocardium
- Endocardial Cells Endocardium
- Cardiomyocyte-like progenitor cells(Uosaki H et. al. 2011)
- Lateral Plate Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
- Ureteric Bud Cells Ureteric Bud
- Metanephric Mesenchyme Cells Metanephric Mesenchyme
-
Tendon & Ligament (Muscoskeletal System)
- Tenocytes Limb Tendons and Ligaments
- Early Tenocyte Cells Limb Tendon Primordia
-
Neurons
- AII Amacrine Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
- Mature Rod Bipolar Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
-
Tooth (Integumentary System)
- Dental Papilla Cells Dental Papilla
- Odontoblasts Dentin
-
Somite (Muscoskeletal System)
- Mononuclear Myocytes Cervical Epaxial Myotome
- Mononuclear Myocytes Cervical Hypaxial Myotome
-
Skeletal Muscle (Muscoskeletal System)
- Mononuclear Myocytes Cervical Epaxial Myotome
- Mononuclear Myocytes Cervical Hypaxial Myotome
-
Epiblast (Early Embryo)
- Extraembryonic Mural Cells Extraembryonic Mesoderm
- Epiblast Stem Cell line 5
-
Intermediate Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Mesonephric cells Mesonephros
- Mesonephros
- Neural Crest (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Uncategorized)
-
Hair (Integumentary System)
- Outer Root Sheath Cells Outer Root Sheath
-
Tendon & Ligament
- Tendon Progenitor Cells Limb Bud
-
Brain (Nervous System)
- Mature Choroid Plexus Cells Choroid Plexus
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
- Testicular Interstitial Cells Testis Interstitium
-
Extraembryonic Mesoderm (Extraembryonic Tissues)
- Extraembryonic Mural Cells Extraembryonic Mesoderm
-
Primitive Streak (Early Embryo)
- Extraembryonic Mural Cells Extraembryonic Mesoderm
-
Gonad
- Mesonephric cells Mesonephros
- Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
- Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Endoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Esophagus
- Umbilical Cord (Extraembryonic Tissues)
- NULL (Uncategorized)
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for TGFB2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Minor Salivary Gland (x4.2).
This gene is overexpressed in Amniocyte (32.9), Ovary (11.6), Bone (9.5), and Breast (6.9).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for TGFB2 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for TGFB2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for TGFB2 Gene:
Hs.133379Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for TGFB2 Gene
- Nervous system(4.9)
- Lung(4.6)
- Heart(3.3)
- Kidney(3.3)
- Blood(3.2)
- Muscle(3.2)
- Eye(3.1)
- Skin(2.9)
- Liver(2.7)
- Intestine(2.6)
- Bone(2.6)
- Spleen(2.5)
- Bone marrow(2.4)
- Lymph node(2.3)
- Pancreas(2.1)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for TGFB2 Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- cardiovascular
- digestive
- integumentary
- nervous
- respiratory
- skeletal muscle
- skeleton
Regions:
Head and neck:
- brain
- chin
- cranial nerve
- ear
- eye
- eyelid
- face
- head
- jaw
- mandible
- maxilla
- meninges
- mouth
- pharynx
- skull
Thorax:
- aorta
- chest wall
- heart
- heart valve
- lung
- rib
- rib cage
- sternum
Abdomen:
- abdominal wall
- intestine
Pelvis:
- pelvis
Limb:
- ankle
- digit
- elbow
- finger
- foot
- hand
- hip
- knee
- lower limb
- shoulder
- toe
- upper limb
- wrist
General:
- blood
- blood vessel
- peripheral nervous system
- skin
- spinal column
- vertebrae
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for TGFB2
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for TGFB2
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for TGFB2 Gene
Orthologs for TGFB2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | TGFB2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | TGFBETA2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| TGFB2 30 |
|
||||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | TGFB2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | TGFB2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Tgfb2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Tgfb2 30 |
|
||
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | TGFB2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | TGFB2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | TGFB2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | tgfb2 30 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | tgfb2-A 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | tgfb2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | daw 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for TGFB2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for TGFB2 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for TGFB2 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for TGFB2 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for TGFB2: view image
Paralogs for TGFB2 Gene
Paralogs for TGFB2 Gene
Variants for TGFB2 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for TGFB2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 01 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 636392 | Likely Pathogenic: not provided | 218,346,994(+) | A/ACTAC | FRAMESHIFT_VARIANT,NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT_VARIANT | |
| 636492 | Likely Pathogenic: not provided | 218,347,048(+) | G/C | SPLICE_DONOR_VARIANT | |
| 636933 | Likely Pathogenic: not provided | 218,437,497(+) | G/A | SPLICE_DONOR_VARIANT | |
| 642579 | Uncertain Significance: Holt-Oram syndrome | 218,405,222(+) | G/A | MISSENSE_VARIANT,NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT_VARIANT | |
| 643407 | Pathogenic: Holt-Oram syndrome | 218,437,399(+) | T/TA | FRAMESHIFT_VARIANT,NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT_VARIANT |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv2723040 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
| esv3578440 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
| nsv832603 | CNV | gain | 17160897 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
19.1% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.72;
15.35% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for TGFB2 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TGFB2 Gene
Disorders for TGFB2 Gene
(93) MalaCards diseases for TGFB2 Gene - From: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, OMIM, ClinVar, GTR, Orphanet, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| loeys-dietz syndrome 4 |
|
|
| holt-oram syndrome |
|
|
| familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection |
|
|
| loeys-dietz syndrome |
|
|
| macular holes |
|
Search TGFB2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
TGFB2_HUMAN- Note=A chromosomal aberration involving TGFB2 is found in a family with Peters anomaly. Translocation t(1;7)(q41;p21) with HDAC9. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:12706107}.
- Loeys-Dietz syndrome 4 (LDS4) [MIM:614816]: An aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. LDS4 is characterized by arterial tortuosity, aortic dissection, intracranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypertelorism, bifid uvula, pectus deformity, bicuspid aortic valve, arachnodactyly, scoliosis, foot deformities, dural ectasia, joint hyperflexibility, and thin skin with easy bruising and striae. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22772368, ECO:0000269 PubMed:22772371}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Note=Defects in TGFB2 may be a cause of non-syndromic aortic disease (NSAD). NSAD is a frequently asymptomatic but potentially lethal disease characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections without additional syndromic features. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:25046559}.
Additional Disease Information for TGFB2
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for Genatlas for TGFB2 Gene
Publications for TGFB2 Gene
- Sclera-related gene polymorphisms in high myopia. (PMID: 19710942) Lin HJ … Tsai FJ (Molecular vision 2009) 3 23 41
- Transforming growth factor-beta gene polymorphisms in sarcoidosis patients with and without fibrosis. (PMID: 16778279) Kruit A … van den Bosch JM (Chest 2006) 3 23 41
- Transforming growth factor-12 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus. (PMID: 12064833) Alansari A … Ollier W (The Journal of rheumatology 2002) 3 23 41
- Whole exome sequencing for the identification of a new mutation in TGFB2 involved in a familial case of non-syndromic aortic disease. (PMID: 25046559) Gago-Díaz M … Brion M (Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2014) 3 4
- Loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 cause a syndromic presentation of thoracic aortic aneurysm. (PMID: 22772368) Lindsay ME … Loeys BL (Nature genetics 2012) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for TGFB2 Gene
- View all 19 R&D Systems TGFB2 (TGF-beta 2) Products
- View all 2 R&D Systems TGFB2 (TGF-beta 2/1.2) Products
- View all 2 R&D Systems TGFB2 (TGF-beta 2) Proteins and Enzymes
- View all 13 R&D Systems TGFB2 (TGF-beta 2) Primary Antibodies
- View all 2 R&D Systems TGFB2 (TGF-beta 2/1.2) Primary Antibodies
- View all 2 R&D Systems TGFB2 (TGF-beta 2) ELISAs
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- Learn more about R&D Systems custom TGFB2 antibody, protein, and immunoassay development services
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for TGFB2
- Custom Assay ServicesOriGene ELISA Kits for TGFB2
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for TGFB2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for TGFB2
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for TGFB2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For TGFB2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for TGFB2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for TGFB2
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for TGFB2
- MG203277
- MG225633
- MR203277
- MR203277L3
- MR203277L4
- MR225633
- MR225633L3
- MR225633L4
- RC212624
- RC212624L1
- RC212624L2
- RC212624L3
- RC212624L4
- RC227984
- RC227984L1
- RC227984L2
- RC227984L3
- RC227984L4
- RG212624
- RG227984
- RR203156
- RR203156L3
- RR203156L4
- MR203277L3V
- MR203277L4V
- MR225633L3V
- MR225633L4V
- RC212624L1V
- RC212624L2V
- RC212624L3V
- RC212624L4V
- RC227984L1V
- RC227984L2V
- RC227984L3V
- RC227984L4V
- RR203156L3V
- RR203156L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For TGFB2
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for TGFB2
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for TGFB2
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for TGFB2
- Sino Biological Antibodies for TGFB2
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for TGFB2
- Novus Biologicals lysates for TGFB2
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for TGFB2
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for TGFB2
- Abcam proteins for TGFB2
- Abcam assays for TGFB2
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- ApexBio compounds for TGFB2
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for TGFB2 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for TGFB2 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for TGFB2 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for TGFB2 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for TGFB2
- Addgene plasmids for TGFB2
- antibodies-online: Show 43 available TGFB2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top TGFB2 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Show 119 available TGFB2 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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- ABIN625095
- ABIN1117574
- ABIN1889330
- ABIN365309
- ABIN4993221
- ABIN924865
- ABIN1572672
- ABIN3198481
- ABIN5524725
- ABIN2708384
- ABIN1117399
- ABIN1889332
- ABIN2708605
- ABIN365352
- ABIN1572673
- ABIN4948087
- ABIN5524726
- ABIN6719996
- ABIN2685627
- ABIN1117563
- ABIN1889331
- ABIN365267
- ABIN1874247
- ABIN1572674
- ABIN5524727
- ABIN2708678
- ABIN6719917
- ABIN2685628
- ABIN365371
- ABIN5510612
- ABIN775775
- ABIN1567585
- ABIN4973195
- antibodies-online: Show 55 available TGFB2 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top TGFB2 Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for TGFB2
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for TGFB2 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for TGFB2
- Horizon Cell Lines for TGFB2
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for TGFB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for TGFB2
Sources for TGFB2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25)