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The protein encoded by this gene is a G-protein coupled receptor activated by trace amines. The encoded protein responds little or not at all to dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, or histamine, but responds well to beta-phenylethylamine, p-tyramine, octopamine, and tryptamine. While primarily functioning in neurologic systems, there is evidence that this gene is involved in blood cell and immunologic functions as well. This gene is thought to be intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]
TAAR1 (Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TAAR1 include Multiple Personality Disorder and Hypoparathyroidism, Sensorineural Deafness, And Renal Disease. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and trace-amine receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is TAAR2.
The trace amine 1 (TA1) receptor (also known as the trace amine-associated receptor 1, TAAR1) is a class A GPCR that is activated by endogenous trace amines. To date, the TA1 receptor is the only trace amine-associated receptor that has been de-orphaned.
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH06J132669 | Enhancer | 0.9 | Ensembl ENCODE | 0.4 | -14.2 | -14219 | 7.6 | CTCF BHLHE40 RAD51 FOXA2 SMC3 RAD21 BCL6 USF2 SPI1 HNF4A | HLFP1 lnc-TAAR6-1 VNN1 ENSG00000234484 VNN2 VNN3 RPS12 SNORA33 SNORD100 SNORD101 | |
GH06J132711 | Promoter/Enhancer | 1.3 | EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE | 0.2 | -54.3 | -54282 | 3 | CEBPA FOXA2 RXRA RARA ZBTB33 JUND SPI1 MAX HNF4A RAD21 | VNN1 lnc-RPS12-5 TAAR1 | |
GH06J132648 | Enhancer | 0.6 | Ensembl | 0.4 | +10.5 | 10482 | 1 | FEZF1 ZNF843 CBFB BATF FOXA1 ATF2 JUNB BCL6B ZSCAN26 RUNX3 | VNN1 TAAR1 TAAR2 | |
GH06J132650 | Enhancer | 0.5 | Ensembl | 0.4 | +8.2 | 8181 | 1.2 | ATF2 ATF4 CEBPB ATF3 ZNF7 ATF7 CEBPG | VNN2 TAAR1 TAAR2 | |
GH06J132665 | Enhancer | 0.5 | Ensembl | 0.4 | -7.3 | -7319 | 0.2 | ZNF316 NFE2 NFE2L2 MAFG SP1 | VNN1 TAAR1 lnc-TAAR6-1 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001594 | trace-amine receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0004930 | G protein-coupled receptor activity | IDA | 11723224 |
GO:0008227 | G protein-coupled amine receptor activity | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
2 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
3 | Monoamine GPCRs | ||
4 | G alpha (s) signalling events |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphetamine | Approved, Illicit, Investigational | Pharma | Target, agonist, antagonist | 158 | ||
Methamphetamine | Approved, Illicit | Pharma | Target, agonist, antagonist | 258 | ||
Dextroamphetamine | Approved, Illicit | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, Target | 91 | ||
Propylhexedrine | Approved | Pharma | Target, agonist | 0 | ||
Lisdexamfetamine | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, agonist | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ractopamine hydrochloride |
|
90274-24-1 |
|
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
EPPTB | Trace amine 1 (TA1) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist | 1110781-88-8 |
Ractopamine hydrochloride | Trace amine 1 (TA1) receptor agonist | 90274-24-1 |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | TAAR1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | TAAR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Taar1 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Taar1 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | TAAR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | TAAR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | TAAR1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | TAAR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | taar1 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | taar1b 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
taar10b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar10d 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar10c 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar10a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (22 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar10 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar11 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (33 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar16b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20x 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20t 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19i 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19p 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (73 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar32 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19e 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (17 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19o 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19s 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20d1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19h 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (64 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19n 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (62 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (44 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20l 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19t 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19c 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20w 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19g 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20n 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20q 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (75 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20a1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14l 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (19 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20z 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20c1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20p 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20j 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19d 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19f 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18h 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19q 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14i 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20b1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (21 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar16a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19m 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar15 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20o 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20g 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19k 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20r 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (74 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18e 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18i 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20f 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14f 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19j 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18j 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20c 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (42 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20u 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14h 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (55 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (32 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18g 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14e 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14d 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19u 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18d 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14g 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18f 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar17a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20m 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar16f 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar16g 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20i 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar19l 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar20h 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
TAAR1 (7 of 92) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar14j 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
taar18c 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 06 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs1358747980 | Likely Benign: not provided | 132,645,542(-) |
A/G NM_138327.3(TAAR1):c.462T>C (p.Phe154=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs140105605 | Likely Benign: not provided | 132,645,383(-) |
T/C NM_138327.3(TAAR1):c.621A>G (p.Leu207=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs6926857 | Benign: not provided. - | 132,645,250(-) |
T/Cp.Thr252Ala NM_138327.3(TAAR1):c.754A>G (p.Thr252Ala) |
MISSENSE | |
rs73775159 | Benign: not provided | 132,645,893(-) |
T/G NM_138327.3(TAAR1):c.111A>C (p.Thr37=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs8192618 | Benign: not provided. - | 132,645,937(-) |
G/Ap.Arg23Cys NM_138327.3(TAAR1):c.67C>T (p.Arg23Cys) |
MISSENSE |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
multiple personality disorder |
|
|
hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal disease |
|
|
greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome |
|
|
brunner syndrome |
|
|
pallister-hall syndrome |
|
|