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SST Gene(Protein Coding)

Somatostatin

GCID:
GC03M187668
GIFtS:
62
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for SST Gene

Aliases for SST Gene

  • Somatostatin 2 3 3 5
  • Growth Hormone Release-Inhibiting Factor 3 4
  • Prepro-Somatostatin 2 3
  • Somatostatin-14 2 3
  • Somatostatin-28 2 3
  • SMST 3

External Ids for SST Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for SST Gene

  • GC03M184201
  • GC03M188648
  • GC03M188788
  • GC03M188707
  • GC03M188869
  • GC03M187386
  • GC03M184791

Summaries for SST Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for SST Gene

  • The hormone somatostatin has active 14 aa and 28 aa forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for SST Gene

SST (Somatostatin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SST include Islet Cell Tumor and Somatostatinoma. Among its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways. GO annotations related to this gene include hormone activity.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for SST Gene

  • Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin.

Tocris Summary for SST Gene

  • Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor, SRIF) is an endogenous cyclic polypeptide with two biologically active forms. It is an abundant neuropeptide and has a wide range of physiological effects on neurotransmission, secretion and cell proliferation.

Gene Wiki entry for SST Gene

No data available for CIViC summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for SST Gene

Genomics for SST Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for SST Gene

Enhancers for SST Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Enhancer Score Enhancer Sources Gene-Enhancer Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Gene Targets for Enhancer
GH03G187715 1.3 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 10.8 -44.2 -44188 0.4 GTF2F1 CTCF RB1 ZNF133 ARID4B ZNF384 ZNF2 RAD21 RFX5 TEAD3 SST RTP2 LOC100131635
GH03G187318 1.1 Ensembl ENCODE 11.9 +350.8 350841 1.8 ZNF2 RAD21 RFX5 ZNF143 THAP11 SMARCA5 ZNF654 ZNF280D CEBPB REST SST MASP1 RTP4
GH03G187261 1.2 Ensembl ENCODE 10.1 +406.3 406307 4.3 PKNOX1 FOXA2 ATF1 ARID4B FEZF1 BRCA1 YY1 SLC30A9 GATA2 FOS MASP1 SST LOC101929130 LOC105374260
GH03G187290 1.2 FANTOM5 ENCODE 9.8 +378.0 378011 3.7 FOXA2 ZSCAN4 RAD21 YY1 GATA4 ZNF766 ZNF207 KLF13 ZNF263 CAVIN1 LPP SST MASP1 RTP4
GH03G187322 1 ENCODE 11 +346.9 346856 1.5 FOXA2 ATF1 MLX ARID4B DMAP1 YY1 SLC30A9 GATA2 ZNF143 FOS SST MASP1 RTP4
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

Enhancers around SST on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the SST gene promoter:

Genomic Location for SST Gene

Chromosome:
3
Start:
187,668,906 bp from pter
End:
187,670,413 bp from pter
Size:
1,508 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for SST Gene

Genes around SST on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
SST Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for SST Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for SST Gene

Proteins for SST Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for SST Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P61278-SMS_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Somatostatin
    Protein Accession:
    P61278
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B2R5G3
    • P01166

    Protein attributes for SST Gene

    Size:
    116 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    12736 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    No Data Available

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for SST Gene

neXtProt entry for SST Gene

Protein Expression for SST Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for SST Gene

  • Glycosylation at Asn61
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for SST Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibody Products

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for SST Gene

Domains & Families for SST Gene

Gene Families for SST Gene

HGNC:

Protein Domains for SST Gene

InterPro:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for SST Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P61278

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

SMS_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the somatostatin family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the somatostatin family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with SST: view

Function for SST Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for SST Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
somatostatin
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin.

LifeMap Function Summary for SST Gene

During embryonic development, SST as signaling molecule is secreted from the following cells
It affects the following cells:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for SST Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005179 hormone activity TAS 9886848
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with SST: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with SST: view

Animal Models for SST Gene

MGI Knock Outs for SST:

Animal Model Products

miRNA for SST Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target SST

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for SST Gene

Localization for SST Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for SST Gene

Secreted.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for SST gene
Compartment Confidence
extracellular 5
nucleus 3
plasma membrane 2
cytoskeleton 2
mitochondrion 2
endoplasmic reticulum 2
cytosol 2
golgi apparatus 2
lysosome 1
endosome 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for SST Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region TAS --
GO:0005615 extracellular space TAS 9437026
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with SST: view

Pathways & Interactions for SST Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with SST: view

SIGNOR curated interactions for SST Gene

Activates:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for SST Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0006972 hyperosmotic response IEA --
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS 9437026
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS 8405411
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling TAS 6145156
GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission TAS 9437026
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with SST: view

Drugs & Compounds for SST Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(84) Drugs for SST Gene - From: DrugBank, ClinicalTrials, HMDB, Tocris, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Cysteamine Approved, Investigational Pharma Target, binder 27
Octreotide Approved, Investigational Pharma Full agonist, Agonist sst2, sst3 and sst5 agonist 223
Ethanol Approved Pharma 2137
Somatostatin Approved Pharma Influences growth hormone release 237
Anti-Infective Agents Pharma 22062

(46) Additional Compounds for SST Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs

(5) Tocris Compounds for SST Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Cyclosomatostatin Non-selective sst receptor antagonist 84211-54-1
CYN 154806 Selective sst2 antagonist 183658-72-2
L-803,087 trifluoroacetate Potent and selective sst4 agonist 217480-26-7
Octreotide sst2, sst3 and sst5 agonist 83150-76-9
Somatostatin Influences growth hormone release 51110-01-1
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with SST: view

Transcripts for SST Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for SST Gene

(1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(2) Additional mRNA sequences :
(365) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(1) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for SST Gene

Somatostatin:
Representative Sequences:

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for SST Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for SST Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
SST
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
SST

Expression for SST Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for SST Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for SST Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for SST GenemRNA expression by GTEx for SST Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for SST Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Brain - Hypothalamus (x10.8), Pancreas (x8.7), Stomach (x5.2), and Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia) (x5.2).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for SST Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Fetal gut (29.5), Stomach (19.1), and Pancreas (18.0).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for SST Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for SST Gene

NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of SST Gene:

SST

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for SST Gene:

Hs.12409

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for SST Gene

  • Pancreas(5)
  • Nervous system(4.9)
  • Liver(4.5)
  • Stomach(4.1)
  • Intestine(3.6)
  • Adrenal gland(3.1)
  • Blood(3.1)
  • Thyroid gland(2.6)
  • Kidney(2.5)
  • Gall bladder(2.3)
  • Muscle(2.2)
  • Eye(2)
  • Lung(2)
  • Skin(2)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with SST: view

Primer Products

No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for SST Gene

Orthologs for SST Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for SST Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia SST 34 35
  • 99.71 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia SST 34 35
  • 95.98 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia SST 34 35
  • 94.83 (n)
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Sst 34 16 35
  • 90.52 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Sst 34
  • 90.23 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia SST 35
  • 84 (a)
 OneToOne
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia SST 35
  • 84 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves SST 34 35
  • 82.18 (n)
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia SST 35
  • 78 (a)
 OneToOne
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia sst 34
  • 71.88 (n)
Str.14307 34
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia Xl.13593 34
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii sst1.1 34 35
  • 67.54 (n)
sst1 34
rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 Actinopterygii Omy.14049 34
Species where no ortholog for SST was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for SST Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for SST (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for SST (if available)

Paralogs for SST Gene

No data available for Paralogs for SST Gene

Variants for SST Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for SST Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 03 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs1000157539 -- 187,669,530(+) ACTTA(-/ACACAC)ACACA intron-variant
rs1000512510 -- 187,671,250(+) TCACA(C/T)ACTGC upstream-variant-2KB
rs1002973028 -- 187,671,605(+) AAGGA(C/T)CAGCT upstream-variant-2KB
rs1003164371 -- 187,669,756(+) TTTGC(C/T)CTAGT intron-variant
rs1006366915 -- 187,672,142(+) GGATG(C/T)GGTCT upstream-variant-2KB

Variation tolerance for SST Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 71.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 1.33; 26.37% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for SST Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
SST
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
SST

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for SST Gene

Disorders for SST Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(147) MalaCards diseases for SST Gene - From: DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
islet cell tumor
  • pancreatic endocrine carcinoma
somatostatinoma
  • somatostatin cell neoplasm
portal hypertension
  • hypertension, portal
esophageal varix
  • bleeding esophageal varices
acromegaly
  • somatotroph adenoma
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search SST in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Relevant External Links for SST

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
SST
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
SST
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
SST
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with SST: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for SST Gene

Publications for SST Gene

  1. Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene. (PMID: 6142531) Shen L.-P. … Rutter W.J. (Science 1984) 2 3 4 64
  2. Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA. (PMID: 6126875) Shen L.-P. … Rutter W.J. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1982) 2 3 4 64
  3. Physiogenomic analysis of statin-treated patients: domain-specific counter effects within the ACACB gene on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol? (PMID: 20602615) RuaA+o G. … Wu A.H. (Pharmacogenomics 2010) 3 46 64
  4. A large-scale candidate gene association study of age at menarche and age at natural menopause. (PMID: 20734064) He C. … Hunter D.J. (Hum. Genet. 2010) 3 46 64
  5. Investigation of genetic susceptibility factors for human longevity - a targeted nonsynonymous SNP study. (PMID: 20800603) Flachsbart F. … Nebel A. (Mutat. Res. 2010) 3 46 64

Products for SST Gene

Sources for SST Gene

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