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The protein encoded by this gene is a hormone involved in modulation of cardiovascular and renal function. It has also been shown in rats to cause weight loss. Several transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016] See more...
Aliases for SPX Gene
Aliases for SPX Gene
External Ids for SPX Gene
- HGNC: 28139
- Entrez Gene: 80763
- Ensembl: ENSG00000134548
- UniProtKB: Q9BT56
Previous HGNC Symbols for SPX Gene
- C12orf39
Summaries for SPX Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene is a hormone involved in modulation of cardiovascular and renal function. It has also been shown in rats to cause weight loss. Several transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
GeneCards Summary for SPX Gene
SPX (Spexin Hormone) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SPX include Hyperoxaluria, Primary, Type Iii and Occupational Dermatitis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include hormone activity and type 2 galanin receptor binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for SPX Gene
-
Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception. Plays also a role in energy metabolism and storage. Inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation with minor stimulation on corticosteroid release (By similarity).
-
[Spexin-1]: Acts as a ligand for galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3 (PubMed:17284679, PubMed:24517231). Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces an increase in arterial blood pressure, a decrease in both heart rate and renal excretion and delayed natriuresis. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity. Also induces contraction of muscarinic-like stomach smooth muscles. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide induces a reduction in food consumption and body weight. Inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake into adipocytes (By similarity).
-
[Spexin-2]: Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces a decrease in heart rate, but no change in arterial pressure, and an increase in urine flow rate. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity (By similarity).
Additional gene information for SPX Gene
- HGNC(28139)
- Entrez Gene(80763)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000134548)
- UniProtKB(Q9BT56)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000134548)
- Search for SPX at DataMed
- Search for SPX at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for SPX Gene
Genomics for SPX Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for SPX Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around SPX on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for SPX
Genomic Locations for SPX Gene
Genomic Locations for SPX Gene
- chr12:21,526,296-21,541,249
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 14,954 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr12:21,679,241-21,690,311
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 11,071 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for SPX Gene
Genes around SPX on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12p12.1 by HGNC
- 12p12.1 by Entrez Gene
- 12p12.1 by Ensembl
SPX Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for SPX Gene
Proteins for SPX Gene
-
Protein details for SPX Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9BT56-SPXN_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Spexin
- Protein Accession:
- Q9BT56
- B3KND6
Protein attributes for SPX Gene
- Size:
- 116 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 13302 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Protein Expression for SPX Gene
Post-translational modifications for SPX Gene
No Post-translational modifications
Other Protein References for SPX Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ SPXN Polyclonal Antibody
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for SPX
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for SPX
- Origene Custom Protein Services for SPX
- Novus Biologicals lysates for SPX
Assay Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ Spexin ELISA Kit
- antibodies-online: Show 2 available C12orf39 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top C12orf39 Elisa Kits
-
Quality Products:
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for SPX Gene
Domains & Families for SPX Gene
Gene Families for SPX Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted secreted proteins
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for SPX Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- NPQ (SPXN_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9BT56- Family:
-
- Belongs to the spexin family.
Function for SPX Gene
Molecular function for SPX Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception. Plays also a role in energy metabolism and storage. Inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation with minor stimulation on corticosteroid release (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- [Spexin-1]: Acts as a ligand for galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3 (PubMed:17284679, PubMed:24517231). Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces an increase in arterial blood pressure, a decrease in both heart rate and renal excretion and delayed natriuresis. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity. Also induces contraction of muscarinic-like stomach smooth muscles. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide induces a reduction in food consumption and body weight. Inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake into adipocytes (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- [Spexin-2]: Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces a decrease in heart rate, but no change in arterial pressure, and an increase in urine flow rate. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- Down-regulated in omental and subcutaneous fat of obese subjects.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005179 | hormone activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005184 | neuropeptide hormone activity | IEA,IMP | 17284679 |
Phenotypes for SPX Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for SPX:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for SPX:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for SPX - Select products 50% OFF >
- * SPX CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for SPX
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for SPX
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for SPX
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for SPX
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for SPX - Select products 50% OFF >
- * SPX as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for SPX
- Addgene plasmids for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for SPX
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for SPX
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for SPX Gene
Localization for SPX Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for SPX Gene
- Secreted. Secreted, extracellular space. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle. Note=Secreted via the classical ER/Golgi-dependent pathway into the extracellular medium largely as a full-length protein without the signal peptide, and not as a hydrolyzed and amidated peptide (PubMed:19193193 and PubMed:17284679). Localized extracellularly surrounding the villous trophoblastic cells. Detected in the serum.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IBA,IDA | 17284679 |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0030133 | transport vesicle | IEA | -- |
| GO:0031045 | dense core granule | IDA | 17284679 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for SPX Gene
Pathways & Interactions for SPX Gene
Interacting Proteins for SPX Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q9BT56-SPXN_HUMAN
ENSP00000256969
for SPX Gene via
UniProtKB
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for SPX
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003084 | positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | ISS | -- |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
| GO:0010459 | negative regulation of heart rate | ISS | -- |
| GO:0032099 | negative regulation of appetite | ISS | -- |
| GO:0035814 | negative regulation of renal sodium excretion | ISS | -- |
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for SPX Gene
Transcripts for SPX Gene
mRNA/cDNA for SPX Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 10 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000256969 2280 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000535033 1683 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000535139 1826 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000537527 803 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000543800 1687 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for SPX - Select products 50% OFF >
- * SPX CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for SPX
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for SPX
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for SPX
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for SPX
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for SPX - Select products 50% OFF >
- * SPX as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for SPX
- Addgene plasmids for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for SPX
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | · | 7c | · | 7d | · | 7e | · | 7f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: |
Relevant External Links for SPX Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- SPX
Expression for SPX Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
This gene is overexpressed in Testis (69.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for SPX Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for SPX
mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for SPX Gene:
Q9BT56-SPXN_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in the type I glomic cells within the carotid body (at protein level). Expressed predominantly in pancreas, testis, kidney, brain and placenta. Expressed in submucosal layer of esophagus and stomach fundus.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for SPX Gene
- Heart(5)
- Nervous system(3)
- Skin(2.8)
- Kidney(2.8)
- Lung(2.3)
- Spleen(2.2)
- Liver(2.1)
- Intestine(2.1)
- Muscle(2.1)
- Adrenal gland(2)
- Stomach(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for SPX
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for SPX
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for SPX Gene
Orthologs for SPX Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | C12H12orf39 30 |
|
||
| C12orf39 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | C5H12orf39 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | C27H12orf39 30 |
|
||
| C12ORF39 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | LOC691138 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | B230216G23Rik 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Spx 17 |
|
||||
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | C12orf39 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | C12orf39 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | LOC101882535 30 |
|
||
| C4H12orf39 31 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for SPX was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for SPX Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for SPX (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for SPX (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for SPX: view image
Paralogs for SPX Gene
No data available for Paralogs for SPX Gene
Variants for SPX Gene
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
58.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.19;
4.31% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for SPX Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- SPX
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for SPX Gene
Disorders for SPX Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| hyperoxaluria, primary, type iii |
|
|
| occupational dermatitis |
|
|
| fiedler's myocarditis |
|
|
| frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1 |
|
|
| noonan syndrome 9 |
|
|
Search SPX in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for SPX
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for SPX Gene
Publications for SPX Gene
- Spexin is a novel human peptide that reduces adipocyte uptake of long chain fatty acids and causes weight loss in rodents with diet-induced obesity. (PMID: 24550067) Walewski JL … Berk PD (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2014) 2 3 4
- Peptides derived from the prohormone proNPQ/spexin are potent central modulators of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception. (PMID: 22038051) Toll L … Kapusta DR (FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2012) 2 3 4
- Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin activates galanin receptor type II and III. (PMID: 24517231) Kim DK … Seong JY (Endocrinology 2014) 3 4
- Evolutionary sequence modeling for discovery of peptide hormones. (PMID: 19132080) Sonmez K … Toll L (PLoS computational biology 2009) 3 4
- C12ORF39, a novel secreted protein with a typical amidation processing signal. (PMID: 19193193) Wan B … Han ZG (Bioscience reports 2009) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for SPX Gene
- Browse OriGene Antibodies
- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for SPX
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for SPX
- Origene Custom Protein Services for SPX
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for SPX
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For SPX
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for SPX
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for SPX
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for SPX
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For SPX
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for SPX
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals lysates for SPX
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for SPX (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for SPX (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for SPX (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for SPX CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for SPX
- Addgene plasmids for SPX
- antibodies-online: Search results for available C12orf39 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Show 2 available C12orf39 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top C12orf39 Elisa Kits
- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for available C12orf39 related products ranked by validation data
- Horizon Cell Lines for SPX
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for SPX
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for SPX
Sources for SPX Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB