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The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine uptake into synaptic vesicles. The encoded protein is a member of amino acid/polyamine transporter family II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] See more...
Aliases for SLC32A1 Gene
Aliases for SLC32A1 Gene
External Ids for SLC32A1 Gene
- HGNC: 11018
- Entrez Gene: 140679
- Ensembl: ENSG00000101438
- OMIM: 616440
- UniProtKB: Q9H598
Previous HGNC Symbols for SLC32A1 Gene
- VIAAT
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for SLC32A1 Gene
- GC00U990497
- GC20P036787
- GC20P037353
- GC20P034090
Summaries for SLC32A1 Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine uptake into synaptic vesicles. The encoded protein is a member of amino acid/polyamine transporter family II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for SLC32A1 Gene
SLC32A1 (Solute Carrier Family 32 Member 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SLC32A1 include Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Type Iiia and Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy 1A. Among its related pathways are Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds and Nicotine addiction. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include amino acid transmembrane transporter activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity. An important paralog of this gene is SLC38A5.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for SLC32A1 Gene
-
Involved in the uptake of GABA and glycine into the synaptic vesicles.
Additional gene information for SLC32A1 Gene
- HGNC(11018)
- Entrez Gene(140679)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000101438)
- OMIM(616440)
- UniProtKB(Q9H598)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000101438)
- Search for SLC32A1 at DataMed
- Search for SLC32A1 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for SLC32A1 Gene
Genomics for SLC32A1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for SLC32A1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around SLC32A1 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for SLC32A1
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the SLC32A1 gene promoter:
-
- ATF-2
- ATF6
- CRE-BP1
- GATA-1
- LCR-F1
- Pax-4a
- Pax-5
- RelA
- XBP-1
Genomic Locations for SLC32A1 Gene
Genomic Locations for SLC32A1 Gene
- chr20:38,724,486-38,729,372
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 4,887 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr20:37,353,105-37,358,015
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 4,911 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for SLC32A1 Gene
Genes around SLC32A1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 20q11.23 by HGNC
- 20q11.23 by Entrez Gene
- 20q11.23 by Ensembl
SLC32A1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for SLC32A1 Gene
Proteins for SLC32A1 Gene
-
Protein details for SLC32A1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9H598-VIAAT_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
- Protein Accession:
- Q9H598
- Q8N489
Protein attributes for SLC32A1 Gene
- Size:
- 525 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 57415 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAH36458.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Protein Expression for SLC32A1 Gene
Post-translational modifications for SLC32A1 Gene
Other Protein References for SLC32A1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ SLC32A1 Antibody
- GeneTex Anti-VGAT antibody [N1N2], N-term and Anti-VGAT antibody
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for SLC32A1
-
Abcam antibodies for SLC32A1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for SLC32A1 (AFLGC-SLC32A1)
- antibodies-online: Show 19 available SLC32A1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top SLC32A1 Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 36 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 4 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IF Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 ICC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IHC (fro) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IC Antibody (anti-human)
- 29 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 40 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 5 IHC Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 ICC Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (fro) Antibody (anti-rat)
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for SLC32A1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for SLC32A1
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for SLC32A1
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for SLC32A1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for SLC32A1
Assay Products
- RayBiotech Custom Human VIAAT/SLC32A1 ELISA
- antibodies-online: Show 2 available SLC32A1 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top SLC32A1 Elisa Kits
-
Quality Products:
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for SLC32A1 Gene
Domains & Families for SLC32A1 Gene
Gene Families for SLC32A1 Gene
- HGNC:
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted membrane proteins
- Transporters
Protein Domains for SLC32A1 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for SLC32A1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Vesicular GABA transporter (VIAAT_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9H598- Family:
-
- Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family.
Function for SLC32A1 Gene
Molecular function for SLC32A1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Involved in the uptake of GABA and glycine into the synaptic vesicles.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for SLC32A1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0015171 | amino acid transmembrane transporter activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0015187 | glycine transmembrane transporter activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0015495 | gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity | TAS | -- |
Phenotypes for SLC32A1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for SLC32A1:
- inferred from 5 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for SLC32A1:
Animal Models for SLC32A1 Gene
Animal Model Products
-
Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for SLC32A1
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for SLC32A1 - Select products 50% OFF >
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-
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-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for SLC32A1
miRNA for SLC32A1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target SLC32A1
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for SLC32A1
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for SLC32A1 - Select products 50% OFF >
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for SLC32A1
- Addgene plasmids for SLC32A1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for SLC32A1
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for SLC32A1
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for SLC32A1 Gene
Localization for SLC32A1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for SLC32A1 Gene
- Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane. Multi-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0008021 | synaptic vesicle | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0030285 | integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for SLC32A1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for SLC32A1 Gene
Pathways by source for SLC32A1 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for SLC32A1 Gene
1 PharmGKB pathway for SLC32A1 Gene
5 KEGG pathways for SLC32A1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for SLC32A1 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for SLC32A1
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003333 | amino acid transmembrane transport | IBA | -- |
| GO:0006811 | ion transport | TAS | -- |
| GO:0006836 | neurotransmitter transport | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007269 | neurotransmitter secretion | TAS | -- |
| GO:0007568 | aging | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for SLC32A1 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for SLC32A1 Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Transcripts for SLC32A1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for SLC32A1 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 7 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000217420 2550 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for SLC32A1 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * SLC32A1 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for SLC32A1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for SLC32A1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for SLC32A1
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for SLC32A1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For SLC32A1
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for SLC32A1 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * SLC32A1 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for SLC32A1
- Addgene plasmids for SLC32A1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for SLC32A1
Relevant External Links for SLC32A1 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- SLC32A1
Expression for SLC32A1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Brain (Nervous System)
- Mature Endothelial Cells Blood Brain Barrier
- Endothelial Cells Blood Brain Barrier
- Cerebellum
- Midbrain tegmentum
-
Heart (Cardiovascular System)
- Endocardial Tube Cells Endocardium
- Cushion Mesenchymal Cells Endocardium
- Cardiac Crescent Cells Cardiac Crescent
-
Endothelium (Cardiovascular System)
- Mature Endothelial Cells Blood Brain Barrier
- Endothelial Cells Blood Brain Barrier
- Kidney (Urinary System)
- Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Eye (Sensory Organs)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for SLC32A1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Brain - Nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia) (x12.3), Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia) (x8.8), Brain - Caudate (basal ganglia) (x6.9), and Brain - Hypothalamus (x4.3).
This gene is overexpressed in Fetal Brain (35.2), Frontal cortex (16.1), and Retina (15.7).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for SLC32A1 Gene
- Elite partner
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for SLC32A1
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for SLC32A1 Gene:
Hs.179080mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for SLC32A1 Gene:
Q9H598-VIAAT_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Retina. Expressed throughout the horizontal cells or more specifically at the terminals.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for SLC32A1 Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Eye(2.7)
- Skin(2.4)
- Blood(2.3)
- Kidney(2.2)
- Heart(2.1)
- Muscle(2.1)
- Adrenal gland(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for SLC32A1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for SLC32A1
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for SLC32A1 Gene
Orthologs for SLC32A1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | SLC32A1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | SLC32A1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | SLC32A1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | SLC32A1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Slc32a1 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Slc32a1 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | SLC32A1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | SLC32A1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | SLC32A1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | slc32a1 30 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | MGC68938 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | slc32a1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP011116 30 |
|
||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | VGAT 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | unc-47 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | AVT1 31 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | AT2G41190 30 |
|
||
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for SLC32A1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for SLC32A1 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for SLC32A1 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for SLC32A1 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for SLC32A1: view image
Paralogs for SLC32A1 Gene
Variants for SLC32A1 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for SLC32A1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 20 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 780606 | Benign: not provided | 38,728,328(+) | A/G | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
| rs34517228 | - | p.Ser423Gly |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| nsv1058457 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv954035 | CNV | deletion | 24416366 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
20.6% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.46;
43.20% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for SLC32A1 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- SLC32A1
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for SLC32A1 Gene
Disorders for SLC32A1 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| amelogenesis imperfecta, type iiia |
|
|
| progressive myoclonus epilepsy 1a |
|
|
| kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome |
|
|
| cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 20 |
|
|
| hematuria, benign familial |
|
|
Search SLC32A1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for SLC32A1
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for SLC32A1 Gene
Publications for SLC32A1 Gene
- Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter is a Cl-/gamma-aminobutyrate Co-transporter. (PMID: 19843525) Juge N … Moriyama Y (The Journal of biological chemistry 2009) 2 3 23
- Genetical genomic determinants of alcohol consumption in rats and humans. (PMID: 19874574) Tabakoff B … WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcoholism (BMC biology 2009) 3 41
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T … Sugano S (Nature genetics 2004) 3 4
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PMID: 15489334) Gerhard DS … MGC Project Team (Genome research 2004) 3 4
- The SLC32 transporter, a key protein for the synaptic release of inhibitory amino acids. (PMID: 12750892) Gasnier B (Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 2004) 3 23
ExternalLinks
Products for SLC32A1 Gene
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- Browse Antibodies
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- Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for SLC32A1
- Find your next knockout model in the Taconic Knockout Repository
- Genetically Engineered Models Available Immediately
- Humanized Mice
- Invitrogen Antibodies for SLC32A1 (AFLGC-SLC32A1)
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for SLC32A1 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
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- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for SLC32A1
- Addgene plasmids for SLC32A1
- antibodies-online: Show 19 available SLC32A1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top SLC32A1 Antibodies
- Recommended
- 36 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 4 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IF Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 ICC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IHC (fro) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IC Antibody (anti-human)
- 29 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 40 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 5 IHC Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 ICC Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (fro) Antibody (anti-rat)
- antibodies-online: Show 2 available SLC32A1 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for available SLC32A1 related products ranked by validation data
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for SLC32A1
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for SLC32A1
- Horizon Cell Lines for SLC32A1
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- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for SLC32A1
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- Boster Bio Antibodies for SLC32A1
- Browse Boster Bio ELISA Kits
Sources for SLC32A1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
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- (39) GenAtlas
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- (44) Atlas
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- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
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- (53) PubMed
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- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
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- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
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- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
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- (102) RVIS
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- (104) diseasecard
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- (106) Orphanet
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- (122) ENCODE
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- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
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- (136) Human Protein Atlas
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- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB