RGS16 Gene (Protein Coding)

Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 16

GC01M182598
GIFtS:
40
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the 'regulator of G protein signaling' family. It inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits. It also may play a role in regulating the kinetics of signaling in the phototransduction cascade. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] See more...

Aliases for RGS16 Gene

Aliases for RGS16 Gene

  • Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 16 2 3 5
  • Regulator Of G-Protein Signaling 16 2 3 4
  • RGS-R 2 3 4
  • Retinally Abundant Regulator Of G-Protein Signaling 3 4
  • Regulator Of G-Protein Signalling 16 2 3
  • Retinal-Specific RGS 3 4
  • A28-RGS14P 3 4
  • A28-RGS14 2 3
  • HRGS-R 3 4
  • RGS16 5
  • RGSR 4

External Ids for RGS16 Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for RGS16 Gene

  • GC01M180093
  • GC01M177996
  • GC01M179088
  • GC01M179807
  • GC01M179299
  • GC01M180835
  • GC01M182567
  • GC01M153804

Summaries for RGS16 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for RGS16 Gene

  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the 'regulator of G protein signaling' family. It inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits. It also may play a role in regulating the kinetics of signaling in the phototransduction cascade. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for RGS16 Gene

RGS16 (Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 16) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are G-AlphaQ Signaling and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTPase activator activity and calmodulin binding. An important paralog of this gene is RGS8.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for RGS16 Gene

  • Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form (PubMed:11602604, PubMed:18434541). Plays an important role in the phototransduction cascade by regulating the lifetime and effective concentration of activated transducin alpha. May regulate extra and intracellular mitogenic signals (By similarity).

Gene Wiki entry for RGS16 Gene

Additional gene information for RGS16 Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for RGS16 Gene

Genomics for RGS16 Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for RGS16 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier GH Type GH
Score		 GH Sources Gene Association Score Total Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor
Binding Sites		 Gene Targets
GH01J182600 Promoter/Enhancer 2 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas dbSUPER 250.7 +1.4 1408 4 BCLAF1 ZNF654 MYC ZNF600 ZNF580 KLF9 POLR2A ZNF10 ZSCAN16 ZIC2 RGS16 DHX9 RNASEL LAMC1-AS1 HMGN1P4 LAMC1 LAMC2 HSALNG0008925
GH01J182613 Promoter/Enhancer 2.4 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas dbSUPER 7 -11.2 -11243 3.4 BCLAF1 SP1 ZNF207 MYC ZNF600 ZNF580 ATF2 POLR2A ATF3 ZSCAN16 LINC01686 HMGN1P4 DHX9 LAMC1-AS1 SMG7-AS1 RGS16 HSALNG0008927 lnc-RGS8-6 RGS8
GH01J182632 Enhancer 1.3 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 12.2 -29.2 -29212 3.6 ZNF580 ATF2 ZNF10 JUND ZIC2 ZBTB10 ZNF217 FEZF1 NR2C1 ZNF513 RGS16 RGS8 lnc-RGS8-6 LINC01686
GH01J182142 Enhancer 1.5 FANTOM5 ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas dbSUPER 9.7 +459.5 459480 4.4 BCLAF1 MYC ZNF654 IKZF1 ZNF592 ZIC2 CTCF REST KLF11 DEK GLUL TEDDM1 RNU6-152P RPL18P2 RGS16 RGSL1 RNASEL KR021980 ENSG00000232309 ZNF648
GH01J182781 Enhancer 1 Ensembl ENCODE 12.1 -178.0 -178008 1.6 BCLAF1 ZNF207 IKZF1 ZNF654 NCOR1 ZIC2 REST DEK TRIM22 CTCF DHX9 RGS16 GLUL NPL HSALNG0008944 RGS8
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around RGS16 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for RGS16

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the RGS16 gene promoter:
  • AhR
  • AP-1
  • AP-4
  • ATF-2
  • c-Jun
  • ER-alpha
  • GATA-2
  • HNF-4alpha1
  • MZF-1
  • Pbx1a

Genomic Locations for RGS16 Gene

Latest Assembly
chr1:182,598,623-182,604,389
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
5,767 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Previous Assembly
chr1:182,567,758-182,573,524
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
5,767 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

chr1:182,567,758-182,573,543
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
5,786 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for RGS16 Gene

Genes around RGS16 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
RGS16 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for RGS16 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for RGS16 Gene

Proteins for RGS16 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibodies for research
  2. Protein products for research
  3. Assay products for research

  • Protein details for RGS16 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    O15492-RGS16_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Regulator of G-protein signaling 16
    Protein Accession:
    O15492
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B2R4M4
    • Q5VYN9
    • Q99701

    Protein attributes for RGS16 Gene

    Size:
    202 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    22749 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts with GNAI1 and GNAQ (PubMed:18434541). Interacts with GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 (By similarity).

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for RGS16 Gene

neXtProt entry for RGS16 Gene

Protein Expression for RGS16 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for RGS16 Gene

  • Palmitoylated on Cys-2 and/or Cys-12.
  • Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at Tyr-168 by EGFR enhances GTPase accelerating (GAP) activity toward GNAI1.
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
  • Modification sites at neXtProt

Other Protein References for RGS16 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for RGS16 Gene

Domains & Families for RGS16 Gene

Gene Families for RGS16 Gene

HGNC:
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for RGS16 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • Regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) protein signature

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for RGS16 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Retinally abundant regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS16_HUMAN)
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with RGS16: view

No data available for Graphical View of Domain Structure and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RGS16 Gene

Function for RGS16 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Models for research
  2. CRISPR products for research
  3. miRNA products for research
  4. Inhibitory RNAs for research
  5. Clone products for research
  6. Cell Lines for research

Molecular function for RGS16 Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form (PubMed:11602604, PubMed:18434541). Plays an important role in the phototransduction cascade by regulating the lifetime and effective concentration of activated transducin alpha. May regulate extra and intracellular mitogenic signals (By similarity).
GENATLAS Biochemistry:
negative regulator of G-protein signaling 16,23kDa,functioning as GTPase activating protein for G protein alpha i and q subunits,abundantly expressed in retina,p53 target gene,C elegans EGL-10 and yeast SST2 homolog

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for RGS16 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for RGS16 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0003924 GTPase activity TAS --
GO:0005096 GTPase activator activity TAS,IDA 18434541
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 21784977
GO:0005516 calmodulin binding TAS 10747990
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with RGS16: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with RGS16: view

Animal Models for RGS16 Gene

MGI Knock Outs for RGS16:

Animal Models for research

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for RGS16

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for RGS16 Gene

Localization for RGS16 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RGS16 Gene

Membrane. Lipid-anchor.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for RGS16 gene
Compartment Confidence
plasma membrane 4
cytosol 4
extracellular 2
mitochondrion 2
nucleus 2
cytoskeleton 1
endoplasmic reticulum 1
endosome 1
lysosome 1
golgi apparatus 1

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Cytosol (2)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for RGS16 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IDA 10791963
GO:0005886 plasma membrane TAS --
GO:0016020 membrane IEA --
GO:0031224 intrinsic component of membrane IEA,ISS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with RGS16: view

Pathways & Interactions for RGS16 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with RGS16: view

Pathways by source for RGS16 Gene

3 Qiagen pathways for RGS16 Gene
  • cAMP Pathway
  • G-AlphaI Signaling
  • G-AlphaQ Signaling

SIGNOR curated interactions for RGS16 Gene

Is activated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for RGS16 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA,TAS --
GO:0007601 visual perception TAS 9469939
GO:0008277 regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS 10747990
GO:0009968 negative regulation of signal transduction IEA --
GO:0043547 positive regulation of GTPase activity IEA,IDA 18434541
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with RGS16: view

Drugs & Compounds for RGS16 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug products for research

(4) Drugs for RGS16 Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials

(4) Additional Compounds for RGS16 Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with RGS16: view

Transcripts for RGS16 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR products for research
  2. miRNA products for research
  3. Inhibitory RNAs for research
  4. Clone products for research

mRNA/cDNA for RGS16 Gene

1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
10 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for RGS16

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for RGS16 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b
SP1: - - -
SP2: - - -
SP3: -
SP4:
SP5:

Relevant External Links for RGS16 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
RGS16

Expression for RGS16 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer products for research
  2. Gene Expression Assays for research

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for RGS16 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for RGS16 Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for RGS16 GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for RGS16 Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for RGS16 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Thyroid (x4.4).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for RGS16 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Fetal Liver (69.0).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for RGS16 Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for RGS16 Gene

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for RGS16

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for RGS16 Gene:

Hs.413297

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for RGS16 Gene:

O15492-RGS16_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Abundantly expressed in retina with lower levels of expression in most other tissues.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for RGS16 Gene

  • Nervous system(4.8)
  • Lung(4.6)
  • Eye(4.4)
  • Kidney(2.4)
  • Thyroid gland(2.1)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with RGS16: view

No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for RGS16 Gene

Orthologs for RGS16 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for RGS16 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia RGS16 29 30
  • 99.34 (n)
 OneToOne
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia RGS16 29 30
  • 88.45 (n)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia RGS16 29 30
  • 87.29 (n)
 OneToOne
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Rgs16 29 16 30
  • 84.91 (n)
 OneToOne
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Rgs16 29
  • 84.76 (n)
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia RGS16 30
  • 78 (a)
 OneToOne
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia RGS16 30
  • 71 (a)
 OneToOne
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves RGS16 29 30
  • 75 (n)
 OneToOne
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia RGS16 30
  • 67 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia rgs16 29
  • 60.38 (n)
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia Xl.32778 29
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii rgs5b 29
  • 60 (n)
rgs16 30
  • 44 (a)
 ManyToMany
Species where no ortholog for RGS16 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
  • Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for RGS16 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for RGS16 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for RGS16 (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for RGS16: view image
Alliance of Genome Resources:
Additional Orthologs for RGS16

Paralogs for RGS16 Gene

Paralogs for RGS16 Gene

(19) SIMAP similar genes for RGS16 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:

  • RGS16_HUMAN
genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with RGS16: view

Variants for RGS16 Gene

Products:

  1. SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for RGS16 Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 01 pos Variation AA Info Type
rs1144566 -- p.His137Arg

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for RGS16 Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for RGS16 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
esv1010175 CNV deletion 20482838
nsv548358 CNV gain 21841781
nsv825531 CNV loss 20364138

Variation tolerance for RGS16 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 76.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 1.22; 24.49% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for RGS16 Gene

SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
RGS16
Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD)
RGS16

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RGS16 Gene

Disorders for RGS16 Gene

Additional Disease Information for RGS16

Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform

No disorders were found for RGS16 Gene.

No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for RGS16 Gene

Publications for RGS16 Gene

  1. Cloning of a retinally abundant regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS-r/RGS16): genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene. (PMID: 9469939) Snow BE … Siderovski DP (Gene 1998) 2 3 4 22
  2. Association of RGS2 and RGS5 variants with schizophrenia symptom severity. (PMID: 18262772) Campbell DB … Sullivan PF (Schizophrenia research 2008) 3 22 40
  3. RGS16 function is regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. (PMID: 11602604) Derrien A … Druey KM (The Journal of biological chemistry 2001) 3 4 22
  4. The p53 tumor suppressor targets a novel regulator of G protein signaling. (PMID: 9223279) Buckbinder L … Kley N (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997) 3 4 22
  5. Genetic variations in regulator of G-protein signaling genes as susceptibility loci for second primary tumor/recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID: 20627871) Wang J … Wu X (Carcinogenesis 2010) 3 40

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for RGS16 gene in Mastermind

Products for RGS16 Gene

  • Addgene plasmids for RGS16

Sources for RGS16 Gene