RALA Gene (Protein Coding)

RAS Like Proto-Oncogene A

GC07P039622
GIFtS:
46
The product of this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. This gene encodes a low molecular mass ras-like GTP-binding protein that shares about 50% similarity with other ras proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] See more...

Aliases for RALA Gene

Aliases for RALA Gene

  • RAS Like Proto-Oncogene A 2 3 5
  • Ras-Related Protein Ral-A 2 3 4
  • V-Ral Simian Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog A (Ras Related) 2 3
  • Ras Family Small GTP Binding Protein RALA 2 3
  • Ras Related GTP Binding Protein A 2 3
  • RAS-Like Protein A 2 3
  • RAL 3 4
  • RALA Ras Like Proto-Oncogene A 3
  • EC 3.6.5.2 4
  • RALA 5

External Ids for RALA Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for RALA Gene

  • RAL

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for RALA Gene

  • GC07P039372
  • GC07P039403
  • GC07P039436
  • GC07P039630
  • GC07P039547
  • GC07P039663

Summaries for RALA Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for RALA Gene

  • The product of this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. This gene encodes a low molecular mass ras-like GTP-binding protein that shares about 50% similarity with other ras proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for RALA Gene

RALA (RAS Like Proto-Oncogene A) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with RALA include Laryngeal Tuberculosis and Pancreatic Cancer. Among its related pathways are Ras signaling pathway and Remodeling of Adherens Junctions. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding and ubiquitin protein ligase binding. An important paralog of this gene is RALB.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for RALA Gene

  • Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin-dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling (PubMed:20005108). Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with GRK2 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Required for anchorage-independent proliferation of transformed cells (PubMed:19306925). During mitosis, supports the stabilization and elongation of the intracellular bridge between dividing cells. Cooperates with EXOC2 to recruit other components of the exocyst to the early midbody (PubMed:18756269).

Gene Wiki entry for RALA Gene

Additional gene information for RALA Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for RALA Gene

Genomics for RALA Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for RALA Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around RALA on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for RALA

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the RALA gene promoter:
  • AP-1
  • ATF-2
  • c-Jun
  • FOXO4
  • NF-kappaB
  • NF-kappaB1
  • p53

Genomic Locations for RALA Gene

Latest Assembly
chr7:39,622,955-39,708,124
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
85,170 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Previous Assembly
chr7:39,663,171-39,747,719
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
84,549 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

chr7:39,663,082-39,747,723
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
84,642 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for RALA Gene

Genes around RALA on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
RALA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for RALA Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for RALA Gene

Proteins for RALA Gene

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  • Protein details for RALA Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P11233-RALA_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Ras-related protein Ral-A
    Protein Accession:
    P11233
    Secondary Accessions:
    • A4D1W3

    Protein attributes for RALA Gene

    Size:
    206 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    23567 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts (via effector domain) with RALBP1 (PubMed:7673236). Interacts with EXOC2/Sec5 and EXOC8/Exo84; binding to EXOC2 and EXOC8 is mutually exclusive (PubMed:14525976, PubMed:18756269, PubMed:15920473). Interacts with Clostridium exoenzyme C3 (PubMed:16177825, PubMed:15809419). Interacts with RALGPS1 (PubMed:10747847). Interacts with LPAR1 and LPAR2. Interacts with GRK2 in response to LPAR1 activation. RALA and GRK2 binding to LPAR1 is mutually exclusive (PubMed:19306925). Interacts with CDC42 (By similarity).

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for RALA Gene

neXtProt entry for RALA Gene

Protein Expression for RALA Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for RALA Gene

  • Prenylation is essential for membrane localization. The geranylgeranylated form and the farnesylated mutant do not undergo alternative prenylation in response to geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitors (GGTIs) and farnesyltransferase I inhibitors (FTIs).
  • (Microbial infection) Glucosylated at Thr-46 by P.sordellii toxin TcsL from strain 6018 (PubMed:8858106). Monoglucosylation completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form (PubMed:8858106). Not glucosylated by TcsL from strain VPI 9048 (PubMed:8858106).
  • Glycosylation at Thr46
  • Ubiquitination at Lys159
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for RALA Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for RALA Gene

Domains & Families for RALA Gene

Gene Families for RALA Gene

HGNC:
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for RALA Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • Transforming protein P21 RAS signature
  • Ras small GTPase, Ras type

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for RALA Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Ras-related protein Ral-A (RALA_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P11233

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

RALA_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with RALA: view

Function for RALA Gene

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  6. Cell Lines for research

Molecular function for RALA Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin-dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling (PubMed:20005108). Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with GRK2 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Required for anchorage-independent proliferation of transformed cells (PubMed:19306925). During mitosis, supports the stabilization and elongation of the intracellular bridge between dividing cells. Cooperates with EXOC2 to recruit other components of the exocyst to the early midbody (PubMed:18756269).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=GTP + H2O = GDP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:19669, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:37565, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:58189; EC=3.6.5.2; Evidence={ECO:0000305};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
Activated in an LPA-dependent manner by LPAR1 and in an LPA-independent manner by LPAR2.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase-activating protein (GAP).
GENATLAS Biochemistry:
simian leukemia viral (v-ral) oncogene homolog A,Ras oncogene superfamily member

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for RALA Gene

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for RALA Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for RALA Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA --
GO:0003924 GTPase activity IEA,IBA 21873635
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 7673236
GO:0005525 GTP binding IEA,IDA 24056301
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with RALA: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with RALA: view

Animal Models for RALA Gene

MGI Knock Outs for RALA:
  • Rala Rala<tm1.1Cjm>
  • Rala Rala<tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi>

Animal Models for research

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for RALA

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for RALA Gene

Localization for RALA Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RALA Gene

Cell membrane. Lipid-anchor. Cytoplasmic side. Cleavage furrow. Midbody, Midbody ring. Note=Predominantly at the cell surface in the absence of LPA. In the presence of LPA, colocalizes with LPAR1 and LPAR2 in endocytic vesicles (PubMed:19306925). May colocalize with CNTRL/centriolin at the midbody ring (PubMed:16213214). However, localization at the midbody at late cytokinesis was not confirmed (PubMed:18756269). {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16213214, ECO:0000269 PubMed:18756269, ECO:0000269 PubMed:19306925}.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for RALA gene
Compartment Confidence
plasma membrane 5
extracellular 4
nucleus 3
cytosol 3
cytoskeleton 2
mitochondrion 2
endoplasmic reticulum 2
endosome 2
lysosome 2
golgi apparatus 2
peroxisome 1

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Focal adhesion sites (3)
  • Plasma membrane (3)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for RALA Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005886 plasma membrane IEA,IDA 17875936
GO:0005925 focal adhesion IDA --
GO:0009986 cell surface IDA 19306925
GO:0016020 membrane IEA --
GO:0030139 colocalizes_with endocytic vesicle IDA 19306925
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with RALA: view

Pathways & Interactions for RALA Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with RALA: view

Pathways by source for RALA Gene

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for RALA Gene
  • Cytoskeleton remodeling_RalA regulation pathway
  • G-protein signaling_Cross-talk between Ras-family GTPases
7 Qiagen pathways for RALA Gene
  • CDC42 Pathway
  • FGF Pathway
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
  • p38 Signaling
  • Phospholipase-C Pathway
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for RALA Gene
1 GeneTex pathway for RALA Gene

SIGNOR curated interactions for RALA Gene

Activates:
Is inactivated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for RALA Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001843 neural tube closure IEA --
GO:0006887 exocytosis IEA --
GO:0006935 chemotaxis TAS 10848592
GO:0007049 cell cycle IEA --
GO:0007165 signal transduction IEA,TAS 2550440
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with RALA: view

Drugs & Compounds for RALA Gene

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(6) Drugs for RALA Gene - From: DrugBank and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Guanosine diphosphate Experimental Pharma Target 0

(6) Additional Compounds for RALA Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with RALA: view

Transcripts for RALA Gene

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mRNA/cDNA for RALA Gene

1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
10 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for RALA

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for RALA Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for RALA Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
RALA

Expression for RALA Gene

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mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for RALA Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for RALA Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for RALA GenemRNA expression by GTEx for RALA Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for RALA Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Bone (9.3), Brain (6.8), and Frontal cortex (6.0).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for RALA Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for RALA Gene

- Elite partner

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for RALA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for RALA Gene:

Hs.6906

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for RALA Gene

  • Blood(4.7)
  • Lung(4.5)
  • Eye(4.4)
  • Nervous system(4.3)
  • Intestine(2.6)
  • Kidney(2.6)
  • Heart(2.5)
  • Skin(2.5)
  • Adrenal gland(2.4)
  • Liver(2.4)
  • Muscle(2.3)
  • Pancreas(2.2)
  • Spleen(2.1)
  • Lymph node(2.1)
  • Stomach(2.1)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with RALA: view

No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for RALA Gene

Orthologs for RALA Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for RALA Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia RALA 29 30
  • 99.68 (n)
 OneToOne
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia RALA 29 30
  • 95.63 (n)
 OneToOne
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Rala 29
  • 93.53 (n)
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Rala 29 16 30
  • 92.72 (n)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia RALA 29 30
  • 91.91 (n)
 OneToOne
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia RALA 30
  • 89 (a)
 OneToOne
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia RALA 30
  • 74 (a)
 OneToOne
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves RALA 29 30
  • 86.73 (n)
 OneToOne
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia RALA 30
  • 99 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia rala 29
  • 84.14 (n)
Str.15001 29
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia Xl.663 29
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii ralab 30
  • 94 (a)
 OneToMany
ralaa 29 30
  • 78.48 (n)
 OneToMany
zgc64038 29
Fruit Fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta Rala 29 30 31
  • 70.33 (n)
 OneToMany
African malaria mosquito
(Anopheles gambiae)
 Insecta AgaP_AGAP012108 29
  • 67.7 (n)
Worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea Y53G8AR.3 31
  • 77 (a)
ral-1 29 30
  • 60.84 (n)
 OneToMany
Sea Squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea CSA.10753 30
  • 66 (a)
 OneToMany
Species where no ortholog for RALA was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for RALA Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for RALA (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for RALA (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for RALA: view image
Alliance of Genome Resources:
Additional Orthologs for RALA

Paralogs for RALA Gene

Paralogs for RALA Gene

(105) SIMAP similar genes for RALA Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:

  • RALA_HUMAN
  • C9JPE8_HUMAN
  • H7C3P7_HUMAN

Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for RALA Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with RALA: view

Variants for RALA Gene

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Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for RALA Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 07 pos Variation AA Info Type
872219 Likely Pathogenic: not provided 39,696,751(+) T/A
NM_005402.4(RALA):c.390T>A (p.Asp130Glu) 		MISSENSE
rs1204820978 Uncertain Significance: not specified 39,706,150(+) C/T
NM_005402.4(RALA):c.526C>T (p.Arg176Ter) 		NONSENSE
rs1554297905 Pathogenic: Inborn genetic diseases; not provided 39,686,740(+) G/A
NM_005402.4(RALA):c.73G>A (p.Val25Met) 		MISSENSE

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for RALA Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for RALA Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv508451 CNV deletion 20534489

Variation tolerance for RALA Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 50.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 0.17; 3.74% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for RALA Gene

SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
RALA
Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD)
RALA

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for RALA Gene

Disorders for RALA Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(6) MalaCards diseases for RALA Gene - From: COP and GCD

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
laryngeal tuberculosis
  • tuberculosis, laryngeal
pancreatic cancer
  • pancreatic carcinoma
bladder cancer
  • bladder cancer, somatic
colorectal cancer
  • crc
osteogenesis imperfecta, type xviii
  • oi18
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search RALA in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Additional Disease Information for RALA

Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with RALA: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for RALA Gene

Publications for RALA Gene

  1. Dual regulation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA1) receptor signalling by Ral and GRK. (PMID: 19306925) Aziziyeh AI … Bhattacharya M (Cellular signalling 2009) 3 4 22
  2. Distinct roles of RalA and RalB in the progression of cytokinesis are supported by distinct RalGEFs. (PMID: 18756269) Cascone I … Camonis J (The EMBO journal 2008) 3 4 22
  3. Geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitors target RalB to inhibit anchorage-dependent growth and induce apoptosis and RalA to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. (PMID: 17875936) Falsetti SC … Sebti SM (Molecular and cellular biology 2007) 3 4 22
  4. Ral GTPases regulate exocyst assembly through dual subunit interactions. (PMID: 14525976) Moskalenko S … White MA (The Journal of biological chemistry 2003) 3 4 22
  5. Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. (PMID: 20379614) Rose JE … Uhl GR (Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 2010) 3 40

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for RALA gene in Mastermind

Products for RALA Gene

  • Addgene plasmids for RALA

Sources for RALA Gene