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This gene encodes the precursor of a peptide hormone that shares sequence similarity with the parathyroid hormone. This gene is expressed in various regions of the brain where it plays a role in the release of pituitary hormones, anxiety and nociception. The encoded precursor protein is proteolytically processed to generate the biologically active neuropeptide. [provided by Ref... See more...
Aliases for PTH2 Gene
Aliases for PTH2 Gene
External Ids for PTH2 Gene
- HGNC: 30828
- Entrez Gene: 113091
- Ensembl: ENSG00000142538
- OMIM: 608386
- UniProtKB: Q96A98
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PTH2 Gene
- GC19M054618
- GC19M049925
- GC19M046302
Summaries for PTH2 Gene
-
This gene encodes the precursor of a peptide hormone that shares sequence similarity with the parathyroid hormone. This gene is expressed in various regions of the brain where it plays a role in the release of pituitary hormones, anxiety and nociception. The encoded precursor protein is proteolytically processed to generate the biologically active neuropeptide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
GeneCards Summary for PTH2 Gene
PTH2 (Parathyroid Hormone 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTH2 include Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and G alpha (s) signalling events.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PTH2 Gene
-
Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. Induces protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. May inhibit cell proliferation via its action on PTH2R activation. Neuropeptide which may also have a role in spermatogenesis. May activate nociceptors and nociceptive circuits.
Additional gene information for PTH2 Gene
- HGNC(30828)
- Entrez Gene(113091)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000142538)
- OMIM(608386)
- UniProtKB(Q96A98)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000142538)
- Search for PTH2 at DataMed
- Search for PTH2 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PTH2 Gene
Genomics for PTH2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PTH2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PTH2 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PTH2
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PTH2 gene promoter:
-
- AREB6
- c-Myb
- c-Myc
- GATA-2
- ITF-2
- Max1
- Tal-1beta
- TBP
- USF-1
- USF1
Genomic Locations for PTH2 Gene
Genomic Locations for PTH2 Gene
- chr19:49,422,419-49,423,441
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 1,023 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr19:49,925,671-49,926,698
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 1,028 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PTH2 Gene
Genes around PTH2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 19q13.33 by HGNC
- 19q13.33 by Entrez Gene
- 19q13.33 by Ensembl
PTH2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PTH2 Gene
Proteins for PTH2 Gene
-
Protein details for PTH2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q96A98-TIP39_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues
- Protein Accession:
- Q96A98
- Q96DJ4
Protein attributes for PTH2 Gene
- Size:
- 100 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 11202 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Ligand of high affinity for the PTH2 receptor (PTH2R).
Protein Expression for PTH2 Gene
Post-translational modifications for PTH2 Gene
Other Protein References for PTH2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PTH2
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PTH2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PTH2 (AFLGC-PTH2)
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for PTH2
Protein Products
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PTH2
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- Novus Biologicals lysates for PTH2
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PTH2
- antibodies-online: Search results for available PTH2 related products ranked by validation data
-
Abcam proteins for PTH2
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PTH2 Gene
Domains & Families for PTH2 Gene
Gene Families for PTH2 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted secreted proteins
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PTH2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Parathyroid hormone 2 (TIP39_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q96A98- Family:
-
- Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family.
Function for PTH2 Gene
Molecular function for PTH2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. Induces protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. May inhibit cell proliferation via its action on PTH2R activation. Neuropeptide which may also have a role in spermatogenesis. May activate nociceptors and nociceptive circuits.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PTH2 Gene
Phenotypes for PTH2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PTH2:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PTH2:
Animal Models for PTH2 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for PTH2:
-
- Pth2 Pth2<tm1Vlcg>
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PTH2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PTH2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
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-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PTH2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PTH2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PTH2
miRNA for PTH2 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PTH2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PTH2
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PTH2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PTH2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PTH2
- Addgene plasmids for PTH2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PTH2
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PTH2
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PTH2 Gene
Localization for PTH2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PTH2 Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PTH2 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PTH2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
| 2 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
| 3 | Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors | ||
| 4 | G alpha (s) signalling events | ||
Pathways by source for PTH2 Gene
6 Reactome pathways for PTH2 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for PTH2 Gene
Interacting Proteins for PTH2 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PTH2
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
| GO:0007218 | neuropeptide signaling pathway | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for PTH2 Gene
(1) ApexBio Compounds for PTH2 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine | Enhancer of blood calcium level | 12583-68-5 |
Transcripts for PTH2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PTH2 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 4 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000270631 454 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PTH2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PTH2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PTH2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PTH2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PTH2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PTH2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PTH2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PTH2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PTH2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PTH2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PTH2
- Addgene plasmids for PTH2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PTH2
Relevant External Links for PTH2 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PTH2
Expression for PTH2 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PTH2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere (x19.2), Brain - Cerebellum (x17.4), and Testis (x6.6).
This gene is overexpressed in Adipocyte (68.4).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for PTH2 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PTH2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PTH2 Gene:
Hs.339845mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PTH2 Gene:
Q96A98-TIP39_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Highly expressed in fetal and adult brain, cerebellum and trachea. Weakly expressed in spinal cord, fetal liver, kidney and heart.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PTH2 Gene
- Nervous system(4.4)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PTH2
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PTH2
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PTH2 Gene
Orthologs for PTH2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of mammals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PTH2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PTH2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pth2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pth2 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PTH2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Evolution for PTH2 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PTH2 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PTH2 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PTH2: view image
Paralogs for PTH2 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for PTH2 Gene
Variants for PTH2 Gene
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
77.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
1.83;
34.41% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PTH2 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- PTH2
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PTH2 Gene
Disorders for PTH2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| polyomavirus-associated nephropathy |
|
|
Search PTH2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PTH2
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PTH2 Gene
Publications for PTH2 Gene
- Identification and characterization of the murine and human gene encoding the tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues. (PMID: 11861531) John MR … Jüppner H (Endocrinology 2002) 2 3 4 23
- PTH2 receptor-mediated inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone and TIP39 on cell proliferation. (PMID: 12754053) Misiano P … Garnier M (European journal of pharmacology 2003) 3 4 23
- Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor and its endogenous ligand tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues are concentrated in endocrine, viscerosensory and auditory brain regions in macaque and human. (PMID: 19401215) Bagó AG … Dobolyi A (Neuroscience 2009) 3 23
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PMID: 15489334) Gerhard DS … MGC Project Team (Genome research 2004) 3 4
- Agonist-specific regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 2 activity: structural and functional analysis of PTH- and tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP) 39-stimulated desensitization and internalization. (PMID: 14988434) Bisello A … Ferrari SL (Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 2004) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for PTH2 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PTH2
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- Custom Assay Services
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PTH2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PTH2
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- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PTH2
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- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
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- Find your target
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- antibodies-online: Show 33 available PTH2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- Boster Bio Antibodies for PTH2
- Browse Boster Bio ELISA Kits
Sources for PTH2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
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- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
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- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
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- (44) Atlas
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- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
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- (104) diseasecard
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