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Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]
PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTGS2 include Gastric Ulcer and Bursitis. Among its related pathways are Neuroscience and GABAergic synapse. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and lipid binding. An important paralog of this gene is PTGS1.
Cyclooxygenase (also known as COX, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, Prostaglandin G/H synthase) is expressed in cells in three isoforms. COX-1 (constitutive) and COX-2 (inducible) isoforms catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin production.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004601 | peroxidase activity | IEA,NAS | 14511332 |
GO:0004666 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity | IEA,IDA | 1380156 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 24089527 |
GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0016702 | oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005637 | nuclear inner membrane | IEA,IDA | 9545330 |
GO:0005640 | nuclear outer membrane | IDA | 9545330 |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA,ISS | -- |
GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | IEA,IDA | 24089527 |
GO:0005788 | endoplasmic reticulum lumen | TAS | 24089527 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | PEDF Induced Signaling |
MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation
.94
MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells
.94
|
all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain
.71
Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway
.46
|
2 | Arachidonic acid metabolism | ||
3 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
4 | aspirin triggered resolvin D biosynthesis | ||
5 | Human cytomegalovirus infection |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001516 | prostaglandin biosynthetic process | IEA,NAS | 20448152 |
GO:0001525 | angiogenesis | IEA | -- |
GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0006631 | fatty acid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0006633 | fatty acid biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rofecoxib | Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn | Pharma | Inhibitor, Inhibition, Target, inhibitor | COX-2 inhibitor | 31 | |
Celecoxib | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Inhibitor, Inhibition, Target, inhibitor | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor | 536 | |
Lumiracoxib | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Inhibitor, Inhibition, Target, inhibitor | 17 | ||
Valdecoxib | Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn | Pharma | Inhibitor, Inhibition, Target, inhibitor | COX-2 inhibitor | 31 | |
Ibuprofen | Approved | Pharma | Channel blocker, Inhibitor, Inhibition, Target, inhibitor | 716 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-Hydroxymethylantipyrine |
|
18125-49-0 | ||||
4'-Hydroxydiclofenac |
|
64118-84-9 | ||||
5'-Hydroxylornoxicam |
|
|||||
5'-Hydroxypiroxicam |
|
77459-78-0 | ||||
6-Hydroxymethyletoricoxib |
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
NCX 4040 | NO-donating aspirin; anti-inflammatory and antitumor | 287118-97-2 |
NCX 466 | Cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donor | 1262956-64-8 |
Niflumic acid | Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor; GPR35 agonist | 4394-00-7 |
Resveratrol | Cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 501-36-0 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
(R)-(-)-Ibuprofen | 51146-57-7 | |
(S)-(+)-Ibuprofen | 51146-56-6 | |
Aceclofenac | 89796-99-6 | |
Acemetacin | 53164-05-9 | |
Acetaminophen | 103-90-2 | |
Amfenac Sodium Monohydrate | 61618-27-7 | |
Ampiroxicam | 99464-64-9 | |
Asaraldehyde | 4460-86-0 | |
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) | Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor | 50-78-2 |
ATB-346 | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 1226895-20-0 |
Bismuth Subsalicylate | 14882-18-9 | |
Bromfenac Sodium | 91714-93-1 | |
Bufexamac | 2438-72-4 | |
Carprofen | 53716-49-7 | |
Celecoxib | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor | 169590-42-5 |
Deracoxib | 169590-41-4 | |
Diclofenac | 15307-86-5 | |
Diclofenac Sodium | COX inhibitor | 15307-79-6 |
Diosgenin | 512-04-9 | |
DuP 697 | 88149-94-4 | |
Etodolac | COX-2 inhibitor | 41340-25-4 |
Etoricoxib | Specific COX-2 inhibitor | 202409-33-4 |
Firocoxib | 189954-96-9 | |
FK 3311 | Selective COX-2 inhibitor | 116686-15-8 |
Flunixin Meglumin | 42461-84-7 | |
FR 122047 hydrochloride | 130717-51-0 | |
Ibuprofen | 15687-27-1 | |
Ibuprofen Lysine | COX inhibitor | 57469-77-9 |
Iguratimod | COX-2 inhibitor,inhibits IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor. | 123663-49-0 |
Indomethacin | Cox inhibitor | 53-86-1 |
Ketoprofen | 22071-15-4 | |
Ketorolac | 74103-06-3 | |
Ketorolac tromethamine salt | 74103-07-4 | |
Licofelone | 156897-06-2 | |
Lornoxicam | COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor | 70374-39-9 |
Lumiracoxib | 220991-20-8 | |
Meclofenamate Sodium | 6385-02-0 | |
Mefenamic Acid | Anti-inflammatory agent | 61-68-7 |
Meloxicam (Mobic) | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 71125-38-7 |
MF63 | MPGES-1 inhibitor | 892549-43-8 |
Nabumetone | 42924-53-8 | |
Naproxen Sodium | cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 26159-34-2 |
NCX 4040 | 287118-97-2 | |
NCX 466 | 1262956-64-8 | |
Nimesulide | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 51803-78-2 |
NS 398 | COX-2 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent | 123653-11-2 |
Oxaprozin | Anti-inflammatory drug | 21256-18-8 |
Parecoxib Sodium | 198470-85-8 | |
Phenacetin | Non-opioid analgesic | 62-44-2 |
Piroxicam | Prostaglandin synthesis/Coxinhibitor | 36322-90-4 |
Rofecoxib | COX-2 inhibitor | 162011-90-7 |
Saikosaponin A | COX-2 and iNOS inhibitor | 20736-09-8 |
Salicylic acid | 69-72-7 | |
SC 236 | 170569-86-5 | |
SC 58125 | 162054-19-5 | |
Sulindac | Anti-inflammatory agent;COX inhibitor | 38194-50-2 |
Tolfenamic Acid | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 13710-19-5 |
Triflusal | 322-79-2 | |
Valdecoxib | COX-2 inhibitor | 181695-72-7 |
Wogonin | COX-2 inhibitor,anti-inflammatory agent | 632-85-9 |
Zaltoprofen | Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor | 74711-43-6 |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | ^ | 10a | · | 10b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PTGS2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | COX-2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
PTGS2 30 |
|
||||
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PGHS-2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
PTGS2 30 |
|
||||
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PTGS2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ptgs2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ptgs2 30 |
|
||
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PTGS2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PTGS2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PTGS2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | ptgs2 30 |
|
||
Str.16299 30 |
|
||||
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.33329 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ptgs2b 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
ptgs2a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
ptgs2 30 |
|
||||
Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.11687 30 |
|
||
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
CSA.3689 31 |
|
ManyToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 01 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
717675 | Likely Benign: not provided | 186,674,671(-) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
720903 | Benign: not provided | 186,674,413(-) | G/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
736161 | Likely Benign: not provided | 186,674,401(-) | A/G | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
749381 | Likely Benign: not provided | 186,676,057(-) | T/C | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
750088 | Likely Benign: not provided | 186,675,890(-) | A/G | INTRON_VARIANT |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
gastric ulcer |
|
|
bursitis |
|
|
stomach disease |
|
|
familial adenomatous polyposis |
|
|
peptic ulcer disease |
|