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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This receptor can activate T-cell factor signaling. It has been shown to mediate PGE2 induced expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), regulate the level and stability of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA, and lead to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this receptor may be involved in the neonatal adaptation of circulatory system, osteoporosis, as well as initiation of skin immune responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
PTGER4 (Prostaglandin E Receptor 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTGER4 include Malignant Epithelial Mesothelioma and Penis Basal Cell Carcinoma. Among its related pathways are Eicosanoid ligand-binding receptors and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and prostaglandin E receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is PTGIR.
Prostanoid receptors are activated by the endogenous ligands prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGE2, PGF2alpha, PGH2, prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2. Cyclooxygenase (COX) converts arachidonic acid to PGH2, from which the other prostaglandins are synthesized.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004930 | G protein-coupled receptor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0004955 | prostaglandin receptor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0004957 | prostaglandin E receptor activity | IBA,IDA | 8163486 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 16424369 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005623 | cell | IEA | -- |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | NAS | 8163486 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
2 | Eicosanoid ligand-binding receptors | ||
3 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
4 | Human cytomegalovirus infection | ||
5 | PI3K-Akt signaling pathway |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0006954 | inflammatory response | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0006955 | immune response | IEP | 8862514 |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
GO:0007188 | adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | IDA | 8163486 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iloprost | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, agonist | Prostacyclin (PGI2) analog, Others | 93 | |
Dinoprostone | Approved | Pharma | Target, agonist, antagonist | activates the PGE2 receptor, Major endogenous prostanoid | 137 | |
Misoprostol | Approved | Pharma | Target, agonist | 412 | ||
Treprostinil | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, agonist | 109 | ||
Castor oil | Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved | Nutra | Target, agonist | 29 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(+-)-Cloprostenol sodium salt |
|
55028-72-3 |
|
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
(+-)-Cloprostenol sodium salt | Water-soluble PGF2alpha analog and potent FP receptor agonist | 55028-72-3 |
BMY 45778 | Non-prostanoid prostacyclin IP receptor partial agonist | 152575-66-1 |
Iloprost | Prostacyclin (PGI2) analog | 78919-13-8 |
Prostaglandin E2 | Major endogenous prostanoid | 363-24-6 |
U 46619 | Potent, stable thromboxane A2 (TP) receptor agonist | 56985-40-1 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
MK-2894 | EP4 receptor inhibitor | 1006036-87-8 |
ONO-AE3-208 | EP4 receptor inhibitor,high affinity and selective | 402473-54-5 |
ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | ||||||||||
SP2: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PTGER4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PTGER4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PTGER4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ptger4 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ptger4 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PTGER4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PTGER4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | EP4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
PTGER4 30 |
|
||||
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PTGER4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | ptger4 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ptger4a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
ptger4b 30 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 05 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs111866313 | Benign: not specified | 40,691,791(+) | G/A | MISSENSE_VARIANT |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
malignant epithelial mesothelioma |
|
|
penis basal cell carcinoma |
|
|
lymphocytic colitis |
|
|
basosquamous carcinoma |
|
|
epididymis adenocarcinoma |
|
|