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This gene encodes a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone, prolactin, and belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Prolactin-dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand-induced dimerization of the prolactin receptor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different membrane-bound and soluble isoforms have been described for this gene, whi... See more...
Aliases for PRLR Gene
Aliases for PRLR Gene
External Ids for PRLR Gene
- HGNC: 9446
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 5618
- Ensembl: ENSG00000113494
- OMIM®: 176761
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P16471
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PRLR Gene
- GC05M035082
- GC05M036075
- GC05M035094
- GC05M035084
Summaries for PRLR Gene
-
This gene encodes a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone, prolactin, and belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Prolactin-dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand-induced dimerization of the prolactin receptor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different membrane-bound and soluble isoforms have been described for this gene, which may function to modulate the endocrine and autocrine effects of prolactin in normal tissue and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
GeneCards Summary for PRLR Gene
PRLR (Prolactin Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PRLR include Hyperprolactinemia and Multiple Fibroadenomas Of The Breast. Among its related pathways are Transcription Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/SP pathway and Prolactin Signaling Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and peptide hormone binding. An important paralog of this gene is GHR.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PRLR Gene
-
This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Acts as a prosurvival factor for spermatozoa by inhibiting sperm capacitation through suppression of SRC kinase activation and stimulation of AKT. Isoform 4 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling.
Additional gene information for PRLR Gene
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PRLR Gene
Genomics for PRLR Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PRLR Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PRLR on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PRLR
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PRLR gene promoter:
-
- COUP
- COUP-TF
- COUP-TF1
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- GR
- GR-alpha
- HNF-4alpha1
- HNF-4alpha2
- IRF-1
Genomic Locations for PRLR Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr5:35,048,756-35,230,724
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 181,969 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr5:35,048,861-35,230,589
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 181,729 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PRLR Gene
Genes around PRLR on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 5p13.2 by HGNC
- 5p13.2 by Entrez Gene
- 5p13.2 by Ensembl
PRLR Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PRLR Gene
Proteins for PRLR Gene
-
Protein details for PRLR Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P16471-PRLR_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Prolactin receptor
- Protein Accession:
- P16471
- B2R882
- D1MDP1
- Q16354
- Q8TD75
- Q8TD78
- Q96P35
- Q96P36
- Q9BX87
- Q9UHJ5
Protein attributes for PRLR Gene
- Size:
- 622 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 69506 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer upon hormone binding. Interacts with SMARCA1. Interacts with GH1. Interacts with CSH. Interacts with NEK3 and VAV2 and this interaction is prolactin-dependent.
- Miscellaneous:
-
- [Isoform 3]: Soluble isoform that appears specific for the BT-474 breast cancer cell line.
- [Isoform 4]: Includes exon 11. Does not transduce prolactin signaling.
- [Isoform 5]: Produced by deletion of part of exon 10 and frameshift.
- [Isoform 6]: Does not transduce prolactin signaling.
- [Isoform 7]: Splices from exon 7 to exon 11.
- [Isoform 8]: SF1b with deletion of exon 4. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PRLR Gene
Protein Expression for PRLR Gene
Post-translational modifications for PRLR Gene
Other Protein References for PRLR Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
-
- ENSP00000231423
- ENSP00000424841
- ENSP00000380546
- ENSP00000311613
- ENSP00000479077
- ENSP00000482954
- ENSP00000427236
- ENSP00000422556
- ENSP00000309008
- ENSP00000423493
- ENSP00000427060
- ENSP00000422385
- ENSP00000422867
- ENSP00000421864
- ENSP00000422935
- ENSP00000441813
- ENSP00000425300
- ENSP00000482689
- ENSP00000484768
- P16471.221
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
- LifeSpan BioSciences PRLR / Prolactin Receptor Antibody and PRLR / Prolactin Receptor Monoclonal Antibody
- NSJ Bioreagents Prolactin Receptor Antibody (Mouse Monoclonal)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PRLR
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PRLR
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PRLR (AFLGC-PRLR)
- antibodies-online: Show 47 available Prolactin Receptor Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 125 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 63 IHC (f) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 35 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 47 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 23 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for PRLR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PRLR
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PRLR
Protein products for research
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for PRLR
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PRLR
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PRLR
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PRLR
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PRLR
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PRLR
-
ProSci Proteins for PRLR
-
Abcam proteins for PRLR
Assay products for research
- RayBiotech Custom Human Prolactin R ELISA
- Sino Biological Assays for PRLR
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PRLR Gene
Domains & Families for PRLR Gene
Gene Families for PRLR Gene
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Disease related genes
- FDA approved drug targets
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Predicted membrane proteins
Protein Domains for PRLR Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Long hematopoietin receptor, single chain
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PRLR Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Prolactin receptor (PRLR_HUMAN)
- Prolactin receptor (Q8WWV7_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P16471UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
PRLR_HUMAN :- The WSXWS motif appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding.
- Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.
- Domain:
-
- The WSXWS motif appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding.
- The box 1 motif is required for JAK interaction and/or activation.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.
Function for PRLR Gene
Molecular function for PRLR Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Acts as a prosurvival factor for spermatozoa by inhibiting sperm capacitation through suppression of SRC kinase activation and stimulation of AKT. Isoform 4 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- prolactin receptor with two alternatively spliced isoforms,expressed in breast cancer,breast normal tissue,gonad and liver
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PRLR Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004896 | cytokine receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0004923 | leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0004924 | contributes_to oncostatin-M receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0004925 | prolactin receptor activity | IBA,IDA | 10585417 |
| GO:0005127 | ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding | IBA | 21873635 |
Phenotypes for PRLR Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PRLR:
-
inferred from 2 alleles
- nervous system phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- cellular phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- neoplasm
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- reproductive system phenotype
- vision/eye phenotype
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- integument phenotype
- embryo phenotype
- adipose tissue phenotype
- taste/olfaction phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PRLR:
-
- Decreased NF-kappaB reporter expression
- no effect
- Decreased viability ratio
- Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Increased viability with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Synthetic lethal with vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Increased viability (proliferation)
Animal Models for PRLR Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for PRLR:
-
- Prlr Prlr<tm1Cnp>
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PRLR - Starting at $85 >
- * PRLR CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PRLR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRLR
miRNA for PRLR Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PRLR
-
- hsa-miR-181a-5p (MIRT025183)
- hsa-miR-218-5p (MIRT449869)
- hsa-miR-1273e (MIRT449870)
- hsa-miR-6807-5p (MIRT449871)
- hsa-miR-5701 (MIRT449872)
- hsa-miR-636 (MIRT449873)
- hsa-miR-2277-3p (MIRT449874)
- hsa-miR-7157-5p (MIRT449875)
- hsa-miR-4310 (MIRT449876)
- hsa-miR-760 (MIRT496392)
- hsa-miR-518c-5p (MIRT496393)
- hsa-miR-4496 (MIRT496394)
- hsa-miR-587 (MIRT497553)
- hsa-miR-5585-3p (MIRT497554)
- hsa-miR-5581-3p (MIRT497555)
- hsa-miR-6720-3p (MIRT497556)
- hsa-miR-668-5p (MIRT497557)
- hsa-miR-6872-3p (MIRT497558)
- hsa-miR-4787-3p (MIRT497559)
- hsa-miR-5582-3p (MIRT497560)
- hsa-miR-548f-3p (MIRT497561)
- hsa-miR-548e-3p (MIRT497562)
- hsa-miR-548az-3p (MIRT497563)
- hsa-miR-548ar-3p (MIRT497564)
- hsa-miR-548a-3p (MIRT497565)
- hsa-miR-4279 (MIRT529566)
- hsa-miR-3925-3p (MIRT529567)
- hsa-miR-554 (MIRT529568)
- hsa-miR-205-5p (MIRT529569)
- hsa-miR-770-5p (MIRT529570)
- hsa-miR-4712-5p (MIRT529571)
- mmu-miR-1949 (MIRT581595)
- mmu-miR-1955-3p (MIRT589207)
- mmu-miR-466l-3p (MIRT589208)
- mmu-miR-450b-3p (MIRT589209)
- mmu-miR-5101 (MIRT589210)
- mmu-miR-1903 (MIRT595251)
- mmu-miR-207 (MIRT595252)
- mmu-miR-692 (MIRT595253)
- mmu-miR-5115 (MIRT600509)
- mmu-miR-184-3p (MIRT600511)
- mmu-miR-296-5p (MIRT600512)
- mmu-miR-1843a-5p (MIRT600513)
- mmu-miR-1940 (MIRT600514)
- mmu-miR-708-5p (MIRT600515)
- mmu-miR-28a-5p (MIRT600516)
- hsa-miR-4753-3p (MIRT654730)
- hsa-miR-6873-3p (MIRT654731)
- hsa-miR-130b-5p (MIRT654732)
- hsa-miR-6817-3p (MIRT654733)
- hsa-miR-7110-3p (MIRT654734)
- hsa-miR-6769b-3p (MIRT654735)
- hsa-miR-4723-3p (MIRT654736)
- hsa-miR-3183 (MIRT654737)
- hsa-miR-4719 (MIRT654738)
- hsa-miR-6800-3p (MIRT654739)
- hsa-miR-548e-5p (MIRT654740)
- hsa-miR-6726-3p (MIRT666804)
- hsa-miR-211-5p (MIRT666805)
- hsa-miR-204-5p (MIRT666806)
- hsa-miR-584-5p (MIRT666807)
- hsa-miR-4290 (MIRT666808)
- hsa-miR-4685-3p (MIRT666809)
- hsa-miR-4287 (MIRT666810)
- hsa-miR-1181 (MIRT666811)
- hsa-miR-1249-3p (MIRT666812)
- hsa-miR-6832-3p (MIRT666813)
- hsa-miR-5579-5p (MIRT666814)
- hsa-miR-5680 (MIRT666815)
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRLR
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PRLR
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PRLR - Starting at $45 >
- * PRLR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
-
- MG209377
- MR209377
- MR209377L3
- MR209377L4
- MR229121
- MR229162
- RC209266
- RC209266L1
- RC209266L2
- RC209266L3
- RC209266L4
- RC233597
- RC233659
- RC233840
- RC233914
- RC234343
- RG209266
- RG233597
- RG233659
- RG233840
- RG233914
- RG234343
- RR200490
- RR200490L3
- RR200490L4
- RR200491
- RR200491L3
- RR200491L4
- MR209377L3V
- MR209377L4V
- RC209266L1V
- RC209266L2V
- RC209266L3V
- RC209266L4V
- RR200490L3V
- RR200490L4V
- RR200491L3V
- RR200491L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PRLR
Cell Lines for research
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PRLR
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PRLR Gene
Localization for PRLR Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRLR Gene
- Membrane. Single-pass type I membrane protein.
- [Isoform 7]: Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| extracellular | 5 |
| endosome | 4 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0009897 | external side of plasma membrane | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0009986 | cell surface | IDA | 10585417 |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PRLR Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PRLR Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prolactin Signaling Pathway |
Development Prolactin receptor signaling
.38
|
|
| 2 | Growth hormone receptor signaling | ||
| 3 | NF-kappaB Signaling | ||
| 4 | PEDF Induced Signaling | ||
| 5 | JAK-STAT signaling pathway | ||
Pathways by source for PRLR Gene
5 BioSystems pathways for PRLR Gene
4 Reactome pathways for PRLR Gene
2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for PRLR Gene
- Development Prolactin receptor signaling
- Transcription Ligand-dependent activation of the ESR1/SP pathway
2 Qiagen pathways for PRLR Gene
- JAK-STAT Pathway
- Prolactin Signaling
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for PRLR Gene
Interacting Proteins for PRLR Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P16471-PRLR_HUMAN
ENSP00000482954
for PRLR Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PRLR
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006694 | steroid biosynthetic process | NAS | 10585417 |
| GO:0007171 | activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | IDA | 10585417 |
| GO:0007566 | embryo implantation | TAS | 9009200 |
| GO:0007595 | lactation | TAS | 9009200 |
| GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell proliferation | IBA | 21873635 |
Drugs & Compounds for PRLR Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Drug products for research
Transcripts for PRLR Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PRLR Gene
- 6 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 29 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 20 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000231423 1679 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000310101 1297 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000348262 1339 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000397391 1206 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000503330 568 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PRLR - Starting at $85 >
- * PRLR CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PRLR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRLR
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRLR
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PRLR
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PRLR - Starting at $45 >
- * PRLR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
-
- MG209377
- MR209377
- MR209377L3
- MR209377L4
- MR229121
- MR229162
- RC209266
- RC209266L1
- RC209266L2
- RC209266L3
- RC209266L4
- RC233597
- RC233659
- RC233840
- RC233914
- RC234343
- RG209266
- RG233597
- RG233659
- RG233840
- RG233914
- RG234343
- RR200490
- RR200490L3
- RR200490L4
- RR200491
- RR200491L3
- RR200491L4
- MR209377L3V
- MR209377L4V
- RC209266L1V
- RC209266L2V
- RC209266L3V
- RC209266L4V
- RR200490L3V
- RR200490L4V
- RR200491L3V
- RR200491L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PRLR
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | · | 11c | ^ | 12a | · | 12b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: |
Relevant External Links for PRLR Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PRLR
Expression for PRLR Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Brain (Nervous System)
- Mature Choroid Plexus Cells Choroid Plexus
- Hypothalamus
- Medulla Oblongata
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Hair (Integumentary System)
- Zigzag Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
- Guard Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
-
Dermis (Integumentary System)
- Zigzag Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
- Guard Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
-
Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Granulosa Cells Primary Follicle
- Mature follicles(Skory RM et. al. 2012)
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Mature Mesothelial Cells Liver Lobule
-
Epithelial Cells
- Mature Choroid Plexus Cells Choroid Plexus
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
- Testicular Interstitial Cells Testis Interstitium
- Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PRLR Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Cervix - Ectocervix (x7.9), Adrenal Gland (x6.3), Uterus (x5.7), and Cervix - Endocervix (x4.5).
This gene is overexpressed in Urine (62.1).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for PRLR Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PRLR
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PRLR Gene:
Hs.368587mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PRLR Gene:
P16471-PRLR_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in breast, placenta, kidney, liver and pancreas.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PRLR Gene
- Nervous system(2.8)
- Kidney(2.5)
- Thyroid gland(2.3)
- Liver(2.2)
- Adrenal gland(2)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PRLR Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- endocrine
- nervous
- reproductive
- skeleton
Regions:
Head and neck:
- brain
- head
- jaw
- mandible
- maxilla
- mouth
- neck
- pituitary gland
- skull
Thorax:
- breast
- chest wall
- clavicle
- rib
- rib cage
- scapula
- sternum
Pelvis:
- ovary
- pelvis
- penis
- testicle
- uterus
- vagina
Limb:
- ankle
- arm
- digit
- elbow
- femur
- fibula
- finger
- foot
- forearm
- hand
- hip
- humerus
- knee
- lower limb
- radius
- shin
- shoulder
- thigh
- tibia
- toe
- ulna
- upper limb
- wrist
General:
- spinal column
- vertebrae
Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PRLR
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PRLR
Gene Expression Assays for research
Orthologs for PRLR Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PRLR 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PRLR 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PRLR 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Prlr 29 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gm21973 30 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Prlr 29 16 30 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PRLR 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PRLR 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PRLR 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PRLR 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | prlr 29 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | prlr-B 29 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | prlra 29 30 |
|
OneToMany | |
| prlrb 30 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.8049 29 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PRLR was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for PRLR Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PRLR (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PRLR (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PRLR: view image
- Alliance of Genome Resources:
- Additional Orthologs for PRLR
Paralogs for PRLR Gene
Paralogs for PRLR Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for PRLR Gene using alignment to 10 proteins:
- PRLR_HUMAN
- D6R9E1_HUMAN
- D6R9P5_HUMAN
- D6R9V7_HUMAN
- D6RAN9_HUMAN
- D6RC67_HUMAN
- D6RD41_HUMAN
- D6RJC8_HUMAN
- Q8TD76_HUMAN
- Q8WWV7_HUMAN
Variants for PRLR Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PRLR Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 05 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1033154 | Pathogenic: Multiple fibroadenomas of the breast | 35,089,541(-) |
TCTTA/T NM_000949.7(PRLR):c.70+6_70+9del |
SPLICE_DONOR | |
| 929748 | Likely Pathogenic: Premature ovarian failure | 35,068,220(-) |
A/C NM_000949.7(PRLR):c.851T>G (p.Leu284Trp) |
MISSENSE_VARIANT,NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT_VARIANT,INTRON | |
| rs142331784 | Benign: not provided | 35,070,117(-) |
C/T NM_000949.7(PRLR):c.685+7G>A |
INTRON | |
| rs376188691 | Pathogenic: Hyperprolactinemia | 35,072,607(-) |
G/A NM_000949.7(PRLR):c.511C>T (p.Arg171Ter) |
NONSENSE,NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT | |
| rs398122522 | Pathogenic: Hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) [MIM:615555] | 35,070,174(-) |
T/Cp.His212Arg NM_000949.7(PRLR):c.635A>G (p.His212Arg) |
MISSENSE_VARIANT,NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT |
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
78.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.95;
59.75% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PRLR Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRLR Gene
Disorders for PRLR Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| hyperprolactinemia |
|
|
| multiple fibroadenomas of the breast |
|
|
| galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia |
|
|
| breast disease |
|
|
| cerebral meningioma |
|
|
Search PRLR in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PRLR_HUMAN- Multiple fibroadenomas of the breast (MFAB) [MIM:615554]: A benign breast disease marked by lobuloalveolar growth with abnormally high proliferation of the epithelium, and characterized by the presence of more than 3 fibroadenomas in one breast. Fibroadenomas are adenomas containing fibrous tissue. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:18779591}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) [MIM:615555]: A disorder characterized by increased levels of prolactin in the blood not associated with gestation or the puerperium. HPRL may result in infertility, hypogonadism, and galactorrhea. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:24195502}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Additional Disease Information for PRLR
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for Genatlas for PRLR Gene
Publications for PRLR Gene
- Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors. (PMID: 18779591) Bogorad RL … Benign Breast Diseases Study Group (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008) 3 4 22 40
- Mutant prolactin receptor and familial hyperprolactinemia. (PMID: 24195502) Newey PJ … Thakker RV (The New England journal of medicine 2013) 3 4 72
- Prolactin exerts a prosurvival effect on human spermatozoa via mechanisms that involve the stimulation of Akt phosphorylation and suppression of caspase activation and capacitation. (PMID: 20032052) Pujianto DA … Aitken RJ (Endocrinology 2010) 3 4 22
- A comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) genes in relation to plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort. (PMID: 18053149) Lee SA … Stram DO (BMC medical genetics 2007) 3 22 40
- Association of prolactin and its receptor gene regions with familial breast cancer. (PMID: 16434456) Vaclavicek A … Försti A (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006) 3 22 40
ExternalLinks
Products for PRLR Gene
- View all 8 R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) Products
- View all R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) Proteins and Enzymes
- View all 6 R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) Primary Antibodies
- View all R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) cDNA Clones
- Learn more about R&D Systems custom PRLR antibody, protein, and immunoassay development services
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PRLR
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for PRLR
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PRLR
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PRLR
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRLR
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRLR
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PRLR
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PRLR
- MG209377
- MR209377
- MR209377L3
- MR209377L4
- MR229121
- MR229162
- RC209266
- RC209266L1
- RC209266L2
- RC209266L3
- RC209266L4
- RC233597
- RC233659
- RC233840
- RC233914
- RC234343
- RG209266
- RG233597
- RG233659
- RG233840
- RG233914
- RG234343
- RR200490
- RR200490L3
- RR200490L4
- RR200491
- RR200491L3
- RR200491L4
- MR209377L3V
- MR209377L4V
- RC209266L1V
- RC209266L2V
- RC209266L3V
- RC209266L4V
- RR200490L3V
- RR200490L4V
- RR200491L3V
- RR200491L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For PRLR
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRLR
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PRLR
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PRLR
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PRLR
- Sino Biological Assays for PRLR
- Browse Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Antibodies
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- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
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- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
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- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PRLR
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for PRLR
- Browse Antibodies
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- Browse Primary Antibodies
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- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for PRLR (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for PRLR (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for PRLR (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for PRLR CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for PRLR
- antibodies-online: Show 47 available Prolactin Receptor Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Antibodies
- Recommended
- 125 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 63 IHC (f) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 35 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 47 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 23 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- antibodies-online: Show 16 available Prolactin Receptor Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Elisa Kits
- antibodies-online: Show 57 available Prolactin Receptor Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PRLR
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PRLR siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRLR
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for PRLR
- ProSci Proteins for PRLR
- Horizon Cell Lines for PRLR
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PRLR
- Biorbyt antibodies for PRLR
Sources for PRLR Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM® (Updated: 05-Apr-2021)
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) ASD
- (27) SAGE
- (28) SOURCE
- (29) HomoloGene
- (30) PanEnsembl
- (31) euGenes
- (32) SGD
- (33) FlyBase
- (34) WormBase
- (35) Pseudogene
- (36) DGV
- (37) dbSNP
- (38) GenAtlas
- (39) HGMD
- (40) GAD
- (41) BGMUT
- (42) HuGE
- (43) Atlas
- (44) GenBank
- (45) HORDE
- (46) HUGE
- (47) IMGT
- (48) Leiden
- (49) miRBase
- (50) DME
- (51) OriGene
- (52) PubMed
- (53) R&D Systems
- (54) Tocris
- (55) Abcam
- (56) Novus Biologicals
- (57) ProSpec
- (58) Sino Biological
- (59) GenScript
- (60) Qiagen
- (61) OCA
- (62) Proteopedia
- (63) MOPED
- (64) neXtProt
- (65) Reactome
- (66) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (67) DISEASES
- (68) SIMAP
- (69) GenomeRNAi
- (70) LifeMap
- (71) miRTarBase
- (72) MalaCards
- (73) Invitrogen
- (74) BitterDB
- (75) ESI-BIO
- (76) RefSeq
- (77) BioSystems
- (78) MaxQB
- (79) IUPHAR
- (80) BioGPS
- (81) Illumina
- (82) COMPARTMENTS
- (83) HOMER
- (84) PaxDb
- (85) ApexBio
- (86) Addgene
- (87) antibodies-online
- (88) CYP
- (89) NONCODE
- (90) TreeFam
- (91) PathCards
- (92) GeneReviews
- (93) GeneTex
- (94) Taconic Biosciences
- (95) GTEx
- (96) ProteomicsDB
- (97) SCBT
- (98) DGIdb
- (99) ClinicalTrials
- (100) RVIS
- (101) SIGNOR
- (102) diseasecard
- (103) NIH Rare Diseases
- (104) Orphanet
- (105) UMLS
- (106) GTR
- (107) Disease Ontology
- (108) MedlinePlus Genetics
- (109) MeSH
- (110) MedlinePlus
- (111) CDC
- (112) NINDS
- (113) NCBI Bookshelf
- (114) ClinVar
- (115) Gene Damage Index
- (116) HPO
- (117) UDN
- (118) VISTA
- (119) FANTOM5
- (120) ENCODE
- (121) ProSci
- (122) Horizon
- (123) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (124) IID
- (125) VectorBuilder
- (126) SNPedia
- (127) BRCA Exchange
- (128) CIViC
- (129) ProteoGenix
- (130) dbSUPER
- (131) TISSUES
- (132) Gene ORGANizer
- (133) abm
- (134) Human Protein Atlas
- (135) GWAS Catalog
- (136) Monarch Initiative
- (137) DataMed
- (138) HumanCyc
- (139) UCNEbase
- (140) EPDnew
- (141) Applied Biosystems
- (142) GlyConnect
- (143) Aminode
- (144) GeneCopoeia
- (145) GPS-Prot
- (146) RNAcentral
- (147) LncRNADisease
- (148) LOVD
- (149) miR2Disease
- (150) DiseaseEnhancer
- (151) Boster Bio
- (152) Biorbyt
- (153) Biocompare
- (154) Mastermind
- (155) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (156) CraniofacialAtlas
- (157) GeneImprint
- (158) Synthego
- (159) ENA
- (160) GtRNAdb
- (161) LncBase
- (162) LncBook
- (163) LNCipedia
- (164) Modomics
- (165) PDBe
- (166) Rfam
- (167) SILVA
- (168) snOPY
- (169) SRPDB
- (170) GENCODE
- (171) TarBase
- (172) Open Targets Platform
- (173) 5SRRNADB
- (174) snoDB
- (175) MirGeneDB
- (176) Alliance of Genome Resources