Aliases for PRLR Gene
Aliases for PRLR Gene
External Ids for PRLR Gene
- HGNC: 9446
- Entrez Gene: 5618
- Ensembl: ENSG00000113494
- OMIM: 176761
- UniProtKB: P16471
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PRLR Gene
- GC05M035082
- GC05M036075
- GC05M035094
Summaries for PRLR Gene
-
This gene encodes a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone, prolactin, and belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Prolactin-dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand-induced dimerization of the prolactin receptor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different membrane-bound and soluble isoforms have been described for this gene, which may function to modulate the endocrine and autocrine effects of prolactin in normal tissue and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
GeneCards Summary for PRLR Gene
PRLR (Prolactin Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PRLR include Hyperprolactinemia and Multiple Fibroadenomas Of The Breast. Among its related pathways are Adipogenesis and Innate Immune System. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and peptide hormone binding. An important paralog of this gene is GHR.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRLR Gene
-
This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Acts as a prosurvival factor for spermatozoa by inhibiting sperm capacitation through suppression of SRC kinase activation and stimulation of AKT. Isoform 4 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling.
Additional gene information for PRLR Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for PRLR at DataMed
- Search for PRLR at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PRLR Gene
Genomics for PRLR Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for PRLR Gene
Promoters and enhancers for PRLR Gene
| GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH05J035228 | Promoter/Enhancer | 1.9 | EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE | 606.4 | +0.8 | 812 | 2.8 | ELF3 CTCF NKRF CEBPG ZNF24 TFE3 POLR2A ZNF174 SP1 MLLT1 | PRLR PIR44028 PIR49347 | |
| GH05J035193 | Promoter/Enhancer | 1.8 | EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE | 619.7 | +35.1 | 35111 | 3.3 | AHR TFE3 ZNF644 KAT8 IKZF1 IKZF2 GATAD2A TRIM22 PKNOX1 KMT2B | PRLR PIR49347 ENSG00000250886 | |
| GH05J035237 | Promoter/Enhancer | 1.5 | EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE | 600.4 | -7.5 | -7522 | 1.2 | RERE SP1 HNF1A IKZF1 RXRA SOX13 IKZF2 CEBPA GATAD2A RXRB | PRLR GC05P035369 | |
| GH05J035128 | Enhancer | 1.5 | FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 7.4 | +99.4 | 99389 | 12.8 | ZNF652 CEBPG SP1 HNF1A PPARG ZNF644 KAT8 IKZF1 FOSL2 RXRA | PRLR ENSG00000250886 PIR49347 | |
| GH05J035212 | Enhancer | 1.3 | FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE | 8.8 | +17.1 | 17088 | 7 | JUND RELA RAD21 IKZF1 FOSL2 CREB1 IKZF2 TARDBP CTCF ATF7 | PRLR PIR49347 PIR44028 |
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PRLR on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PRLR gene promoter:
-
- COUP
- COUP-TF
- COUP-TF1
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- GR
- GR-alpha
- HNF-4alpha1
- HNF-4alpha2
- IRF-1
Genomic Locations for PRLR Gene
Genomic Locations for PRLR Gene
- chr5:35,048,756-35,230,589
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 181,834 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr5:35,048,861-35,230,823
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 181,963 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PRLR Gene
Genes around PRLR on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 5p13.2 by HGNC
- 5p13.2 by Entrez Gene
- 5p13.2 by Ensembl
PRLR Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PRLR Gene
Proteins for PRLR Gene
-
Protein details for PRLR Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P16471-PRLR_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Prolactin receptor
- Protein Accession:
- P16471
- B2R882
- D1MDP1
- Q16354
- Q8TD75
- Q8TD78
- Q96P35
- Q96P36
- Q9BX87
- Q9UHJ5
Protein attributes for PRLR Gene
- Size:
- 622 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 69506 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer upon hormone binding. Interacts with SMARCA1. Interacts with GH1. Interacts with CSH. Interacts with NEK3 and VAV2 and this interaction is prolactin-dependent.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PRLR Gene
Protein Expression for PRLR Gene
Post-translational modifications for PRLR Gene
Other Protein References for PRLR Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
-
- ENSP00000441813
- ENSP00000479077
- ENSP00000424841
- ENSP00000422556
- ENSP00000482954
- ENSP00000427236
- ENSP00000422935
- ENSP00000311613
- ENSP00000425300
- ENSP00000231423
- ENSP00000422385
- ENSP00000380546
- ENSP00000421864
- ENSP00000482689
- ENSP00000422867
- ENSP00000423493
- ENSP00000309008
- ENSP00000427060
- ENSP00000484768
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- NSJ Bioreagents Prolactin Receptor Antibody (Mouse Monoclonal)
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PRLR
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PRLR (AFLGC-PRLR)
- antibodies-online: Search results for 237 available Prolactin Receptor Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 149 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 CC Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 49 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 21 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-mouse)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for PRLR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PRLR
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PRLR
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for PRLR
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PRLR
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PRLR
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PRLR
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PRLR
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PRLR
-
ProSci Proteins for PRLR
-
Abcam proteins for PRLR
Assay Products
- RayBiotech Custom Human Prolactin R ELISA
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for PRLR
- Sino Biological Assays for PRLR
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PRLR Gene
Domains & Families for PRLR Gene
Gene Families for PRLR Gene
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Disease related genes
- FDA approved drug targets
- Predicted membrane proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for PRLR Gene
- Blocks:
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PRLR Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Prolactin receptor (PRLR_HUMAN)
- Prolactin receptor (Q8WWV7_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P16471UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
PRLR_HUMAN :- The WSXWS motif appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding.
- Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.
- Domain:
-
- The WSXWS motif appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding.
- The box 1 motif is required for JAK interaction and/or activation.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.
Function for PRLR Gene
Molecular function for PRLR Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL). Acts as a prosurvival factor for spermatozoa by inhibiting sperm capacitation through suppression of SRC kinase activation and stimulation of AKT. Isoform 4 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling. Isoform 6 is unable to transduce prolactin signaling.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- prolactin receptor with two alternatively spliced isoforms,expressed in breast cancer,breast normal tissue,gonad and liver
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PRLR Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004896 | cytokine receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0004925 | prolactin receptor activity | NAS,TAS | 10585417 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 12819209 |
| GO:0017046 | peptide hormone binding | IPI | 7984244 |
| GO:0019955 | cytokine binding | IBA | 21873635 |
Phenotypes for PRLR Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PRLR:
-
inferred from 1 alleles
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- vision/eye phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- nervous system phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- neoplasm
- integument phenotype
- taste/olfaction phenotype
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- cellular phenotype
- reproductive system phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- embryo phenotype
- adipose tissue phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PRLR:
-
- Decreased viability ratio
- Dynamic nuclei (hole, folded or small irregular)
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Decreased viability
- no effect
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Decreased NF-kappaB reporter expression
- Increased viability with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Synthetic lethal with vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
Animal Models for PRLR Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for PRLR:
-
- Prlr Prlr<tm1Cnp>
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PRLR
-
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PRLR - Now 50% OFF >
- * PRLR CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * PRLR CRISPR applications: KO, Activation, Repression, and more - Browse All
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PRLR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRLR
miRNA for PRLR Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PRLR
-
- hsa-mir-181a-5p (MIRT025183)
- hsa-mir-218-5p (MIRT449869)
- hsa-mir-1273e (MIRT449870)
- hsa-mir-6807-5p (MIRT449871)
- hsa-mir-5701 (MIRT449872)
- hsa-mir-636 (MIRT449873)
- hsa-mir-2277-3p (MIRT449874)
- hsa-mir-7157-5p (MIRT449875)
- hsa-mir-4310 (MIRT449876)
- hsa-mir-760 (MIRT496392)
- hsa-mir-518c-5p (MIRT496393)
- hsa-mir-4496 (MIRT496394)
- hsa-mir-587 (MIRT497553)
- hsa-mir-5585-3p (MIRT497554)
- hsa-mir-5581-3p (MIRT497555)
- hsa-mir-6720-3p (MIRT497556)
- hsa-mir-668-5p (MIRT497557)
- hsa-mir-6872-3p (MIRT497558)
- hsa-mir-4787-3p (MIRT497559)
- hsa-mir-5582-3p (MIRT497560)
- hsa-mir-548f-3p (MIRT497561)
- hsa-mir-548e-3p (MIRT497562)
- hsa-mir-548az-3p (MIRT497563)
- hsa-mir-548ar-3p (MIRT497564)
- hsa-mir-548a-3p (MIRT497565)
- hsa-mir-4279 (MIRT529566)
- hsa-mir-3925-3p (MIRT529567)
- hsa-mir-554 (MIRT529568)
- hsa-mir-205-5p (MIRT529569)
- hsa-mir-770-5p (MIRT529570)
- hsa-mir-4712-5p (MIRT529571)
- hsa-mir-4753-3p (MIRT654730)
- hsa-mir-6873-3p (MIRT654731)
- hsa-mir-130b-5p (MIRT654732)
- hsa-mir-6817-3p (MIRT654733)
- hsa-mir-7110-3p (MIRT654734)
- hsa-mir-6769b-3p (MIRT654735)
- hsa-mir-4723-3p (MIRT654736)
- hsa-mir-3183 (MIRT654737)
- hsa-mir-4719 (MIRT654738)
- hsa-mir-6800-3p (MIRT654739)
- hsa-mir-548e-5p (MIRT654740)
- hsa-mir-6726-3p (MIRT666804)
- hsa-mir-211-5p (MIRT666805)
- hsa-mir-204-5p (MIRT666806)
- hsa-mir-584-5p (MIRT666807)
- hsa-mir-4290 (MIRT666808)
- hsa-mir-4685-3p (MIRT666809)
- hsa-mir-4287 (MIRT666810)
- hsa-mir-1181 (MIRT666811)
- hsa-mir-1249-3p (MIRT666812)
- hsa-mir-6832-3p (MIRT666813)
- hsa-mir-5579-5p (MIRT666814)
- hsa-mir-5680 (MIRT666815)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene sirna, shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRLR
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PRLR
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PRLR - Now 50% OFF >
- * PRLR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * PRLR tags and reporters available: His, HA, Myc, Flag, GFP, RFP, Luciferase - Browse All
-
- MG209377
- MR209377
- MR209377L1
- MR209377L1V
- MR209377L2
- MR209377L2V
- MR209377L3
- MR209377L3V
- MR209377L4
- MR209377L4V
- MR229121
- MR229162
- RC209266
- RC209266L1
- RC209266L1V
- RC209266L2
- RC209266L2V
- RC209266L3
- RC209266L3V
- RC209266L4
- RC209266L4V
- RC233597
- RC233659
- RC233840
- RC233914
- RC234343
- RC509266
- RG209266
- RG233597
- RG233659
- RG233840
- RG233914
- RG234343
- RR200490
- RR200490L1
- RR200490L1V
- RR200490L2
- RR200490L2V
- RR200490L3
- RR200490L3V
- RR200490L4
- RR200490L4V
- RR200491
- RR200491L1
- RR200491L1V
- RR200491L2
- RR200491L2V
- RR200491L3
- RR200491L3V
- RR200491L4
- RR200491L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PRLR
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PRLR
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PRLR Gene
Localization for PRLR Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRLR Gene
- Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
- Isoform 7: Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| extracellular | 5 |
| endosome | 4 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 0 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0009897 | external side of plasma membrane | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0009986 | cell surface | IDA | 10585417 |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PRLR Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PRLR Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prolactin Signaling Pathway | ||
| 2 | Growth hormone receptor signaling | ||
| 3 | NF-kappaB Signaling | ||
| 4 | PEDF Induced Signaling | ||
| 5 | JAK-STAT signaling pathway (KEGG) | ||
Pathways by source for PRLR Gene
5 BioSystems pathways for PRLR Gene
4 Reactome pathways for PRLR Gene
2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for PRLR Gene
2 Qiagen pathways for PRLR Gene
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for PRLR Gene
Interacting Proteins for PRLR Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P16471-PRLR_HUMAN
ENSP00000482954
for PRLR Gene via
MINT
STRING
IID
UniProtKB
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PRLR
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006694 | steroid biosynthetic process | NAS | 10585417 |
| GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | NAS | 10585417 |
| GO:0007171 | activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | IDA | 10585417 |
| GO:0007566 | embryo implantation | TAS | 9009200 |
| GO:0007595 | lactation | TAS,NAS | 10585417 |
Drugs & Compounds for PRLR Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somatotropin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, binder | 0 | ||
| Fluoxymesterone | Approved, Illicit | Pharma | Target, antagonist | 0 | ||
| choriomammotropin | Pharma | Agonist | 0 | |||
| chorionic somatomammotropin hormone-like 1 | Pharma | Agonist | 0 | |||
| prolactin | Pharma | Agonist | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Drug Products
Transcripts for PRLR Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PRLR Gene
- (6) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (29) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (188) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (20) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000231423 1679 bps (ENST00000231423.7)
- ENST00000513753 1525 bps (ENST00000513753.5)
- ENST00000397391 1206 bps (ENST00000397391.7)
- ENST00000348262 1339 bps (ENST00000348262.7)
- ENST00000618625 1376 bps (ENST00000618625.4)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PRLR - Now 50% OFF >
- * PRLR CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * PRLR CRISPR applications: KO, Activation, Repression, and more - Browse All
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PRLR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRLR
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene sirna, shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRLR
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PRLR
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PRLR - Now 50% OFF >
- * PRLR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * PRLR tags and reporters available: His, HA, Myc, Flag, GFP, RFP, Luciferase - Browse All
-
- MG209377
- MR209377
- MR209377L1
- MR209377L1V
- MR209377L2
- MR209377L2V
- MR209377L3
- MR209377L3V
- MR209377L4
- MR209377L4V
- MR229121
- MR229162
- RC209266
- RC209266L1
- RC209266L1V
- RC209266L2
- RC209266L2V
- RC209266L3
- RC209266L3V
- RC209266L4
- RC209266L4V
- RC233597
- RC233659
- RC233840
- RC233914
- RC234343
- RC509266
- RG209266
- RG233597
- RG233659
- RG233840
- RG233914
- RG234343
- RR200490
- RR200490L1
- RR200490L1V
- RR200490L2
- RR200490L2V
- RR200490L3
- RR200490L3V
- RR200490L4
- RR200490L4V
- RR200491
- RR200491L1
- RR200491L1V
- RR200491L2
- RR200491L2V
- RR200491L3
- RR200491L3V
- RR200491L4
- RR200491L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PRLR
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | · | 11c | ^ | 12a | · | 12b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: |
Expression for PRLR Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Brain (Nervous System)
- Mature Choroid Plexus Cells Choroid Plexus
- Hypothalamus
- Medulla Oblongata
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Hair (Integumentary System)
- Zigzag Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
- Guard Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
-
Dermis (Integumentary System)
- Zigzag Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
- Guard Dermal Papilla Cells Dermal Papilla
-
Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Granulosa Cells Primary Follicle
- Mature follicles(Skory RM et. al. 2012)
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Mature Mesothelial Cells Liver Lobule
-
Epithelial Cells
- Mature Choroid Plexus Cells Choroid Plexus
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
- Testicular Interstitial Cells Testis Interstitium
- Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PRLR Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Cervix - Ectocervix (x7.9), Adrenal Gland (x6.3), Uterus (x5.7), and Cervix - Endocervix (x4.5).
This gene is overexpressed in Urine (62.1).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for PRLR Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PRLR Gene:
PRLRSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PRLR Gene:
Hs.368587mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PRLR Gene:
P16471-PRLR_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in breast, placenta, kidney, liver and pancreas.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PRLR Gene
- Nervous system(2.8)
- Kidney(2.3)
- Liver(2.1)
- Thyroid gland(2.1)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PRLR Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- endocrine
- nervous
- reproductive
- skeleton
Regions:
Head and neck:
- brain
- head
- jaw
- mandible
- maxilla
- mouth
- neck
- pituitary gland
- skull
Thorax:
- breast
- chest wall
- clavicle
- rib
- rib cage
- scapula
- sternum
Pelvis:
- ovary
- pelvis
- penis
- testicle
- uterus
- vagina
Limb:
- ankle
- arm
- digit
- elbow
- femur
- fibula
- finger
- foot
- forearm
- hand
- hip
- humerus
- knee
- lower limb
- radius
- shin
- shoulder
- thigh
- tibia
- toe
- ulna
- upper limb
- wrist
General:
- spinal column
- vertebrae
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PRLR
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PRLR
Gene Expression Assay Products
Orthologs for PRLR Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PRLR 35 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PRLR 35 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PRLR 35 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Prlr 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gm21973 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Prlr 17 35 34 |
|
||||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PRLR 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PRLR 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PRLR 35 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PRLR 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | prlr 34 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | prlr-B 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | prlra 35 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| prlrb 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.8049 34 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PRLR was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for PRLR Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PRLR (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PRLR (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PRLR: view image
Paralogs for PRLR Gene
Paralogs for PRLR Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for PRLR Gene using alignment to 10 proteins:
- PRLR_HUMAN
- D6R9E1_HUMAN
- D6R9P5_HUMAN
- D6R9V7_HUMAN
- D6RAN9_HUMAN
- D6RC67_HUMAN
- D6RD41_HUMAN
- D6RJC8_HUMAN
- Q8TD76_HUMAN
- Q8WWV7_HUMAN
Variants for PRLR Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 05 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs398122522 | pathogenic, Hyperprolactinemia, Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) [MIM:615555] | 35,070,174(-) | T/C | coding_sequence_variant, missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant | |
| rs72478580 | pathogenic, Multiple fibroadenomas of the breast, Multiple fibroadenomas of the breast (MFAB) [MIM:615554] | 35,072,610(-) | T/G | coding_sequence_variant, missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant | |
| rs1000003658 | -- | 35,098,890(-) | A/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000004965 | -- | 35,054,632(-) | G/A/T | genic_downstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant | |
| rs1000016688 | -- | 35,078,478(-) | C/G/T | intron_variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
78.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.95;
59.75% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PRLR Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PRLR Gene
Disorders for PRLR Gene
(14) MalaCards diseases for PRLR Gene - From: HGMD, OMIM, ClinVar, GTR, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| hyperprolactinemia |
|
|
| multiple fibroadenomas of the breast |
|
|
| breast disease |
|
|
| cerebral meningioma |
|
|
| galactorrhea |
|
|
Search PRLR in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PRLR_HUMAN- Multiple fibroadenomas of the breast (MFAB) [MIM:615554]: A benign breast disease marked by lobuloalveolar growth with abnormally high proliferation of the epithelium, and characterized by the presence of more than 3 fibroadenomas in one breast. Fibroadenomas are adenomas containing fibrous tissue. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:18779591}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) [MIM:615555]: A disorder characterized by increased levels of prolactin in the blood not associated with gestation or the puerperium. HPRL may result in infertility, hypogonadism, and galactorrhea. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:24195502}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Additional Disease Information for PRLR
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for Genatlas for PRLR Gene
Publications for PRLR Gene
- Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors. (PMID: 18779591) Bogorad RL … Benign Breast Diseases Study Group (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008) 3 4 23 45 58
- A comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) genes in relation to plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort. (PMID: 18053149) Lee SA … Stram DO (BMC medical genetics 2007) 3 23 45 58
- Association of prolactin and its receptor gene regions with familial breast cancer. (PMID: 16434456) Vaclavicek A … Försti A (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006) 3 23 45 58
- Could prolactin receptor gene polymorphism play a role in pathogenesis of breast carcinoma? (PMID: 15119991) Canbay E … Bardakci F (Current medical research and opinion 2004) 3 23 45 58
- Functional characterization of the intermediate isoform of the human prolactin receptor. (PMID: 10585417) Kline JB … Clevenger CV (The Journal of biological chemistry 1999) 3 4 23 58
ExternalLinks
Products for PRLR Gene
- View all 8 R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) Products
- View all R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) cDNA Clones
- View all 6 R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) Primary Antibodies
- View all R&D Systems PRLR (Prolactin R) Proteins and Enzymes
- Learn more about R&D Systems custom PRLR antibody, protein, and immunoassay development services
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PRLR
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for PRLR
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PRLR
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PRLR
- Origene sirna, shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PRLR
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PRLR
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PRLR
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PRLR
- MG209377
- MR209377
- MR209377L1
- MR209377L1V
- MR209377L2
- MR209377L2V
- MR209377L3
- MR209377L3V
- MR209377L4
- MR209377L4V
- MR229121
- MR229162
- RC209266
- RC209266L1
- RC209266L1V
- RC209266L2
- RC209266L2V
- RC209266L3
- RC209266L3V
- RC209266L4
- RC209266L4V
- RC233597
- RC233659
- RC233840
- RC233914
- RC234343
- RC509266
- RG209266
- RG233597
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- RR200490
- RR200490L1
- RR200490L1V
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- RR200490L2V
- RR200490L3
- RR200490L3V
- RR200490L4
- RR200490L4V
- RR200491
- RR200491L1
- RR200491L1V
- RR200491L2
- RR200491L2V
- RR200491L3
- RR200491L3V
- RR200491L4
- RR200491L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For PRLR
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PRLR
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PRLR
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PRLR
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PRLR
- Sino Biological Assays for PRLR
- Browse Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Antibodies
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- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
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- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PRLR
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for PRLR
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for PRLR
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
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- Abcam proteins for PRLR
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
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- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PRLR
- antibodies-online: Search results for 237 available Prolactin Receptor Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Antibodies
- Recommended
- 149 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 15 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 6 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 CC Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF/ICC Antibody (anti-human)
- 49 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 21 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 FACS Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- antibodies-online: Search results for 11 available Prolactin Receptor Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Elisa Kits
- antibodies-online: Search results for 62 available Prolactin Receptor Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top Prolactin Receptor Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PRLR
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PRLR siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PRLR
- Horizon Cell Lines for PRLR
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Overview of 171 available Prolactin Receptor gene related products
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for PRLR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PRLR
- Biorbyt antibodies for PRLR
Sources for PRLR Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) HGMD
- (45) GAD
- (46) BGMUT
- (47) HuGE
- (48) Atlas
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) OCA
- (69) Proteopedia
- (70) MOPED
- (71) neXtProt
- (72) Reactome
- (73) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (74) fRNAdb
- (75) DISEASES
- (76) SIMAP
- (77) GenomeRNAi
- (78) LifeMap
- (79) miRTarBase
- (80) MalaCards
- (81) Invitrogen
- (82) BitterDB
- (83) ESI-BIO
- (84) RefSeq
- (85) BioSystems
- (86) MaxQB
- (87) IUPHAR
- (88) BioGPS
- (89) Illumina
- (90) COMPARTMENTS
- (91) HOMER
- (92) PaxDb
- (93) ApexBio
- (94) Addgene
- (95) antibodies-online
- (96) CYP
- (97) NONCODE
- (98) SwitchGear Genomics
- (99) TreeFam
- (100) PathCards
- (101) GeneReviews
- (102) GeneTex
- (103) Taconic Biosciences
- (104) GTEx
- (105) ProteomicsDB
- (106) SCBT
- (107) DGIdb
- (108) ClinicalTrials
- (109) FDA Approved Drugs
- (110) RVIS
- (111) SIGNOR
- (112) diseasecard
- (113) NIH Rare Diseases
- (114) Orphanet
- (115) UMLS
- (116) GTR
- (117) Disease Ontology
- (118) Genetics Home Reference
- (119) MeSH
- (120) MedlinePlus
- (121) CDC
- (122) NINDS
- (123) NCBI Bookshelf
- (124) ClinVar
- (125) Gene Damage Index
- (126) ViGene Biosciences
- (127) HPO
- (128) UDN
- (129) VISTA
- (130) FANTOM5
- (131) ENCODE
- (132) ProSci
- (133) Horizon
- (134) NURSA
- (135) IID
- (136) Cyagen
- (137) VectorBuilder
- (138) SNPedia
- (139) BRCA Exchange
- (140) St John's Lab
- (141) CIViC
- (142) ProteoGenix
- (143) dbSUPER
- (144) TISSUES
- (145) Gene ORGANizer
- (146) abm
- (147) CrownBio
- (148) Human Protein Atlas
- (149) GWAS Catalog
- (150) Monarch Initiative
- (151) DataMed
- (152) HumanCyc
- (153) genomics-online
- (154) UCNEbase
- (155) EPDnew
- (156) Applied Biosystems
- (157) GlyConnect
- (158) Aminode
- (159) GeneCopoeia
- (160) GPS-Prot
- (161) RNACentral
- (162) LncRNADisease
- (163) LOVD
- (164) miR2Disease
- (165) DiseaseEnhancer
- (166) Boster Bio
- (167) Biorbyt
- (168) Biocompare
- (169) Mastermind