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This gene encodes a carbohydrate binding protein that is a subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex. PP1 catalyzes reversible protein phosphorylation, which is important in a wide range of cellular activities. The encoded protein affects glycogen biosynthesis by activating glycogen synthase and limiting glycogen breakdown by reducing glycogen phosphorylase activity. D... See more...
Aliases for PPP1R3C Gene
Aliases for PPP1R3C Gene
External Ids for PPP1R3C Gene
- HGNC: 9293
- Entrez Gene: 5507
- Ensembl: ENSG00000119938
- OMIM: 602999
- UniProtKB: Q9UQK1
Previous HGNC Symbols for PPP1R3C Gene
- PPP1R5
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PPP1R3C Gene
- GC10M092269
- GC10M092609
- GC10M093519
- GC10M093052
- GC10M093036
- GC10M093378
- GC10M087016
Summaries for PPP1R3C Gene
-
This gene encodes a carbohydrate binding protein that is a subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex. PP1 catalyzes reversible protein phosphorylation, which is important in a wide range of cellular activities. The encoded protein affects glycogen biosynthesis by activating glycogen synthase and limiting glycogen breakdown by reducing glycogen phosphorylase activity. DNA hypermethylation of this gene has been found in colorectal cancer patients. The encoded protein also interacts with the laforin protein, which is a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in Lafora disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]
GeneCards Summary for PPP1R3C Gene
PPP1R3C (Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3C) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PPP1R3C include Myoclonic Epilepsy Of Lafora and Bjornstad Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA and Beta-Adrenergic Signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein phosphatase binding and protein phosphatase regulator activity. An important paralog of this gene is PPP1R3B.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PPP1R3C Gene
-
Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1 and regulates its activity. Activates glycogen synthase, reduces glycogen phosphorylase activity and limits glycogen breakdown. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in a variety of cell types.
Additional gene information for PPP1R3C Gene
- HGNC(9293)
- Entrez Gene(5507)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000119938)
- OMIM(602999)
- UniProtKB(Q9UQK1)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000119938)
- Search for PPP1R3C at DataMed
- Search for PPP1R3C at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PPP1R3C Gene
Genomics for PPP1R3C Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PPP1R3C Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PPP1R3C on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PPP1R3C
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PPP1R3C gene promoter:
-
- AML1a
- E47
- E4BP4
- FOXI1
- GCNF
- GCNF-1
- GCNF-2
- Hand1
- Pax-5
- ZIC2
Genomic Locations for PPP1R3C Gene
Genomic Locations for PPP1R3C Gene
- chr10:91,628,442-91,633,071
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 4,630 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr10:93,388,199-93,392,858
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 4,660 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PPP1R3C Gene
Genes around PPP1R3C on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 10q23.32 by HGNC
- 10q23.32 by Entrez Gene
- 10q23.32 by Ensembl
PPP1R3C Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PPP1R3C Gene
Proteins for PPP1R3C Gene
-
Protein details for PPP1R3C Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9UQK1-PPR3C_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C
- Protein Accession:
- Q9UQK1
- B2R7X0
- O95686
Protein attributes for PPP1R3C Gene
- Size:
- 317 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 36445 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with PPP1CC catalytic subunit of PP1 and associates with glycogen. Forms complexes with glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase which is necessary for its regulation of PP1 activity. Also interacts with EPM2A/laforin.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAD33215.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Post-translational modifications for PPP1R3C Gene
- Ubiquitinated by NHLRC1/malin in a EPM2A/laforin-dependent manner.
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for PPP1R3C Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ PPP1R3C Antibody
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- Creative Biolabs Mouse Anti-PPP1R3C Recombinant Antibody (2G9)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PPP1R3C
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPP1R3C
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Protein Products
- Creative Biomart Recombinant Human PPP1R3C
-
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-
Signalway Proteins for PPP1R3C
-
Abcam proteins for PPP1R3C
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PPP1R3C Gene
Domains & Families for PPP1R3C Gene
Gene Families for PPP1R3C Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for PPP1R3C Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Putative phosphatase regulatory subunit
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PPP1R3C Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- cDNA FLJ53586, highly similar to Homo sapiens protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3C (PPP1R3C), mRNA (B4DRR5_HUMAN)
- Protein targeting to glycogen (PPR3C_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9UQK1UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
PPR3C_HUMAN :- The N-terminal region is required for binding to PP1, the central region is required for binding to glycogen and the C-terminal region is required for binding to glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase.
- Domain:
-
- The N-terminal region is required for binding to PP1, the central region is required for binding to glycogen and the C-terminal region is required for binding to glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase.
Function for PPP1R3C Gene
Molecular function for PPP1R3C Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1 and regulates its activity. Activates glycogen synthase, reduces glycogen phosphorylase activity and limits glycogen breakdown. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in a variety of cell types.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PPP1R3C Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004722 | protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity | TAS | 8985175 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 14532330 |
| GO:0008157 | protein phosphatase 1 binding | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0019903 | protein phosphatase binding | IEA,ISS | -- |
| GO:2001069 | glycogen binding | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
Phenotypes for PPP1R3C Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PPP1R3C:
- inferred from 2 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PPP1R3C:
Animal Models for PPP1R3C Gene
Animal Model Products
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CRISPR Products
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-
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miRNA for PPP1R3C Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PPP1R3C
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
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Clone Products
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Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PPP1R3C
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PPP1R3C Gene
Localization for PPP1R3C Gene
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| cytosol | 4 |
| extracellular | 3 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000164 | protein phosphatase type 1 complex | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PPP1R3C Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PPP1R3C Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA |
Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
.77
cAMP Pathway
.77
|
Activation of PKA through GPCR
.71
PKA Signaling
.56
|
| 2 | Beta-Adrenergic Signaling |
Beta-Adrenergic Signaling
.37
Erythropoietin Pathway
.37
|
CDK5 Pathway
.37
Insulin Receptor Pathway
.37
|
| 3 | Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism | ||
| 4 | Glucose metabolism | ||
| 5 | Insulin resistance | ||
Pathways by source for PPP1R3C Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for PPP1R3C Gene
9 Reactome pathways for PPP1R3C Gene
2 KEGG pathways for PPP1R3C Gene
1 Tocris pathway for PPP1R3C Gene
14 Qiagen pathways for PPP1R3C Gene
- Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
- Activation of PKA through GPCR
- Beta-Adrenergic Signaling
- Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
- cAMP Pathway
Interacting Proteins for PPP1R3C Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q9UQK1-PPR3C_HUMAN
ENSP00000238994
for PPP1R3C Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PPP1R3C
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005975 | carbohydrate metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005977 | glycogen metabolic process | ISS | -- |
| GO:0005978 | glycogen biosynthetic process | IEA,TAS | -- |
| GO:0005979 | regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0006470 | protein dephosphorylation | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PPP1R3C Gene
Drugs & Compounds for PPP1R3C Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycogen |
|
9005-79-2 |
|
Drug Products
- Creative Biomart Recombinant Human PPP1R3C
Transcripts for PPP1R3C Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PPP1R3C Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 10 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000238994 2541 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
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-
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-
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miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
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Clone Products
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PPP1R3C
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Relevant External Links for PPP1R3C Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PPP1R3C
Expression for PPP1R3C Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Hair (Integumentary System)
- Outer Root Sheath Cells Outer Root Sheath
- Bulge Stem Cells Bulge
-
Dermis (Integumentary System)
- Dermal Fibroblasts Dorsal Dermis
- Detroit 551
-
Fibroblasts
- Dermal Fibroblasts Dorsal Dermis
- Detroit 551
-
Epithelial Cells
- Outer Root Sheath Cells Outer Root Sheath
-
Brain (Nervous System)
- Protoplasmic Astrocyte Cells Neocortex
-
Glial Cells
- Protoplasmic Astrocyte Cells Neocortex
- Intermediate Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Kidney (Urinary System)
- Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Cartilage (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Skeletal Muscle (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
-
Esophagus (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Heart (Cardiovascular System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PPP1R3C Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Muscle - Skeletal (x6.0), Artery - Tibial (x4.7), and Heart - Atrial Appendage (x4.2).
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PPP1R3C
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PPP1R3C Gene:
Hs.303090Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PPP1R3C Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Eye(4.2)
- Muscle(3.7)
- Heart(3.2)
- Liver(3.2)
- Kidney(2.4)
- Skin(2.2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PPP1R3C
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PPP1R3C
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PPP1R3C Gene
Orthologs for PPP1R3C Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PPP1R3C 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PPP1R3C 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ppp1r3c 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PPP1R3C 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | LOC100910671 30 |
|
||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PPP1R3C 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PPP1R3C 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PPP1R3C 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PPP1R3C 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | ppp1r3c.1 30 |
|
||
| Str.11402 30 |
|
||||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.14255 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ppp1r3cb 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| ppp1r3ca 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| zgc73259 30 |
|
||||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG9238 31 32 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | H18N23.2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | GIP2 33 |
|
|
|
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for PPP1R3C was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for PPP1R3C Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PPP1R3C (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PPP1R3C (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PPP1R3C: view image
Paralogs for PPP1R3C Gene
Variants for PPP1R3C Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PPP1R3C Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 10 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs193920921 | Uncertain Significance: Malignant tumor of prostate | 91,630,423(-) | T/C | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
| rs373998228 | - | p.Asn249Ser | |||
| rs7089948 | - | p.Ala109Ser |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
43.5% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.09;
38.16% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PPP1R3C Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PPP1R3C Gene
Disorders for PPP1R3C Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| myoclonic epilepsy of lafora |
|
|
| bjornstad syndrome |
|
|
| spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 6 |
|
|
Search PPP1R3C in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PPP1R3C
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PPP1R3C Gene
Publications for PPP1R3C Gene
- Amino acid sequence of a novel protein phosphatase 1 binding protein (R5) which is related to the liver- and muscle-specific glycogen binding subunits of protein phosphatase 1. (PMID: 8985175) Doherty MJ … Cohen PT (FEBS letters 1996) 2 3 4
- A PTG variant contributes to a milder phenotype in Lafora disease. (PMID: 21738631) Guerrero R … Gómez-Garre P (PloS one 2011) 3 4
- Malin decreases glycogen accumulation by promoting the degradation of protein targeting to glycogen (PTG). (PMID: 18070875) Worby CA … Dixon JE (The Journal of biological chemistry 2008) 3 4
- A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease. (PMID: 16385451) Grupe A … Goate A (American journal of human genetics 2006) 3 41
- Laforin, the dual-phosphatase responsible for Lafora disease, interacts with R5 (PTG), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 that enhances glycogen accumulation. (PMID: 14532330) Fernández-Sánchez ME … Rodríguez de Córdoba S (Human molecular genetics 2003) 3 4
ExternalLinks
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- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PPP1R3C
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for PPP1R3C
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PPP1R3C
- Signalway Proteins for PPP1R3C
Sources for PPP1R3C Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB