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This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PPARG include Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial, Type 3 and Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness 1. Among its related pathways are Transcriptional misregulation in cancer and Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and chromatin binding. An important paralog of this gene is PPARA.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors that heterodimerize with the retinoic X receptor (RXR) to regulate gene expression.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000976 | transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IBA,ISS | -- |
GO:0000977 | RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0000981 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | ISM | 19274049 |
GO:0001103 | RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0001227 | DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IBA | 21873635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000790 | nuclear chromatin | ISA | -- |
GO:0005634 | nucleus | IBA,IDA | 9568716 |
GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | TAS | -- |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
GO:0005829 | cytosol | ISS | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) | ||
2 | Gene Expression |
.48
|
|
3 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
4 | Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway | ||
5 | Glucose / Energy Metabolism |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000122 | negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | ISS | -- |
GO:0001890 | placenta development | ISS | -- |
GO:0002674 | negative regulation of acute inflammatory response | IEA | -- |
GO:0006355 | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | IEA | -- |
GO:0006357 | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | ISS | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pioglitazone | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, Channel blocker, Target, agonist | 477 | ||
Rosiglitazone | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, Activator, Activation, Channel blocker, Target, agonist | Potent PPARγ agonist, Potent and selective PPARgamma agonist; antidiabetic agent. | 226 | |
Troglitazone | Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, Channel blocker, Target, agonist | Selective PPARγ agonist, Selective PPARgamma agonist; antidiabetic agent | 8 | |
Indomethacin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Partial agonist, Full agonist, Inhibitor, Inhibition, Target, activator, inhibitor | Cox inhibitor | 150 | |
Bezafibrate | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Target, agonist | 16 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15-deoxy-δ 12 14-prostaglandin J2 |
|
Agonist, Full agonist |
|
|||
CDDO |
|
Agonist, Partial agonist |
|
|||
thiazolidinone |
|
Agonist, Partial agonist |
|
|||
(2E)-Decenoyl-CoA |
|
10018-95-8 |
|
|||
(2E)-Dodecenoyl-CoA |
|
1066-12-2 |
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Ciglitazone | Selective PPARgamma agonist | 74772-77-3 |
GW 1929 hydrochloride | Selective PPARgamma agonist. Orally active | 1217466-21-1 |
nTZDpa | Potent, selective PPARgamma partial agonist | 118414-59-8 |
Rosiglitazone | Potent and selective PPARgamma agonist; antidiabetic agent. | 122320-73-4 |
Troglitazone | Selective PPARgamma agonist; antidiabetic agent | 97322-87-7 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 | 87893-55-8 | |
AUDA | 479413-70-2 | |
BADGE | 1675-54-3 | |
Balaglitazone | PPAR-γ partial agonist | 199113-98-9 |
Bezafibrate | 41859-67-0 | |
Ciglitazone | 74772-77-3 | |
Ciprofibrate | 52214-84-3 | |
CP 775146 | 702680-17-9 | |
Fenofibrate | 49562-28-9 | |
Gemfibrozil | 25812-30-0 | |
GSK 0660 | 1014691-61-2 | |
GW 7647 | 265129-71-3 | |
GW1929 | Potent PPARγ agonist | 196808-24-9 |
GW9662 | PPARγ antagonist | 22978-25-2 |
Inolitazone | PPARgamma agonist | 223132-37-4 |
Inolitazone dihydrochloride | PPARγ agonist,high-affinity and novel | 223132-38-5 |
Pioglitazone | 111025-46-8 | |
Pioglitazone HCl | PPARγ agonist | 112529-15-4 |
Rosiglitazone | Potent PPARγ agonist | 122320-73-4 |
Rosiglitazone HCl | 302543-62-0 | |
Rosiglitazone maleate | PPARγ agonist,high-affinity and selective,potent insulin sensitizer | 155141-29-0 |
S26948 | 353280-43-0 | |
SR 1664 | 1338259-05-4 | |
SR 202 | PPAR antagonist | 76541-72-5 |
T0070907 | Human PPARγ antagonist,potent and selective | 313516-66-4 |
Tesaglitazar | 251565-85-2 | |
Troglitazone | Selective PPARγ agonist | 97322-87-7 |
ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | · | 8c | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | · | 9c | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12 | ^ | 13a | · | 13b | · | 13c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP7: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP8: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP9: | - | - | - | - | - |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PPARG 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PPARG 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PPARG 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PPARG 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pparg 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pparg 30 |
|
||
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PPARG 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PPARG 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PPARG 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | PPARg 30 |
|
||
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | Str.16633 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | pparg 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Eip75B 32 |
|
|
|
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | sex-1 32 |
|
|
|
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis) |
Ascidiacea | Cin.186 30 |
|
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 03 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
709025 | Likely Benign: not provided | 12,416,835(+) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,INTRON_VARIANT | |
712679 | Benign: not provided | 12,416,868(+) | C/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,INTRON_VARIANT | |
717269 | Benign: not provided | 12,434,052(+) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,THREE_PRIME_UTR_VARIANT | |
720030 | Likely Benign: not provided | 12,379,774(+) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,FIVE_PRIME_UTR_VARIANT | |
728652 | Likely Benign: not provided | 12,434,133(+) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,THREE_PRIME_UTR_VARIANT |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv763e201 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
dgv850e199 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
esv2661678 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
esv2669014 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
esv2724933 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv3561485 | CNV | deletion | 23714750 |
esv3595320 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
esv3595321 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
esv3595322 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
esv3595323 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
esv4138 | CNV | loss | 18987735 |
esv7808 | CNV | loss | 19470904 |
nsv1000995 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1073206 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
nsv1112379 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
nsv1131682 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
nsv1147269 | CNV | deletion | 26484159 |
nsv3702 | CNV | deletion | 18451855 |
nsv589700 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv7351 | OTHER | inversion | 18451855 |
nsv979804 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3 |
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carotid intimal medial thickness 1 |
|
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body mass index quantitative trait locus 11 |
|
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leptin deficiency or dysfunction |
|
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berardinelli-seip congenital lipodystrophy |
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