Aliases for PNN Gene
Aliases for PNN Gene
External Ids for PNN Gene
- HGNC: 9162
- Entrez Gene: 5411
- Ensembl: ENSG00000100941
- OMIM: 603154
- UniProtKB: Q9H307
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PNN Gene
- GC14P037025
- GC14P033501
- GC14P037634
- GC14P038714
- GC14P039644
- GC14P019758
Summaries for PNN Gene
GeneCards Summary for PNN Gene
PNN (Pinin, Desmosome Associated Protein) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PNN include Premenstrual Tension and Epileptic Encephalopathy, Childhood-Onset. Among its related pathways are RNA transport and mRNA surveillance pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include structural molecule activity.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PNN Gene
-
Transcriptional activator binding to the E-box 1 core sequence of the E-cadherin promoter gene; the core-binding sequence is 5CAGGTG-3. Capable of reversing CTBP1-mediated transcription repression. Auxiliary component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junction on mRNAs. The EJC is a dynamic structure consisting of core proteins and several peripheral nuclear and cytoplasmic associated factors that join the complex only transiently either during EJC assembly or during subsequent mRNA metabolism. Participates in the regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Associates to spliced mRNA within 60 nt upstream of the 5-splice sites. Component of the PSAP complex which binds RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is proposed to be recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process and to regulate specific excision of introns in specific transcription subsets. Involved in the establishment and maintenance of epithelia cell-cell adhesion. Potential tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma.
No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PNN Gene
Genomics for PNN Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for PNN Gene
Promoters and enhancers for PNN Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around PNN on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for PNN Gene
Genomic Locations for PNN Gene
- chr14:39,175,183-39,183,218
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 8,036 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr14:39,644,387-39,652,422
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for PNN Gene
Genes around PNN on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 14q21.1 by Ensembl
- 14q21.1 by Entrez Gene
- 14q21.1 by HGNC
PNN Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PNN Gene
Proteins for PNN Gene
-
Protein details for PNN Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9H307-PININ_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Pinin
- Protein Accession:
- Q9H307
- B4DZX8
- O60899
- Q53EM7
- Q6P5X4
- Q7KYL1
- Q99738
- Q9UHZ9
- Q9UQR9
Protein attributes for PNN Gene
- Size:
- 717 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 81614 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Found in a mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC). Found in a complex with SR proteins. Found in a mRNP complex with RNPS1. Component of the PSAP complex consisting of RNPS1, SAP18 and PNN. Interacts with PNISR, CTBP1, CTBP2, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, PS1D/PNO40, PPIG, RNPS1, SFRS4 and SRRM2. Identified in the spliceosome C complex.
Protein Expression for PNN Gene
Post-translational modifications for PNN Gene
Other Protein References for PNN Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PNN
-
Abcam antibodies for PNN
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PNN
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-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PNN
Protein Products
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OriGene Purified Proteins for PNN
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- antibodies-online: Search results for 3 available PNN Proteins ranked by validation data
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Quality Products:
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Abcam proteins for PNN
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for available PNN related products ranked by validation data
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PNN Gene
Domains & Families for PNN Gene
Gene Families for PNN Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Transporters
Protein Domains for PNN Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PNN Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9H307- Family:
-
- Belongs to the pinin family.
Function for PNN Gene
Molecular function for PNN Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Transcriptional activator binding to the E-box 1 core sequence of the E-cadherin promoter gene; the core-binding sequence is 5CAGGTG-3. Capable of reversing CTBP1-mediated transcription repression. Auxiliary component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junction on mRNAs. The EJC is a dynamic structure consisting of core proteins and several peripheral nuclear and cytoplasmic associated factors that join the complex only transiently either during EJC assembly or during subsequent mRNA metabolism. Participates in the regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Associates to spliced mRNA within 60 nt upstream of the 5-splice sites. Component of the PSAP complex which binds RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is proposed to be recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process and to regulate specific excision of introns in specific transcription subsets. Involved in the establishment and maintenance of epithelia cell-cell adhesion. Potential tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PNN Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003677 | DNA binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | HDA,IDA | 22658674 |
| GO:0005198 | structural molecule activity | NAS | 8922384 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 22388736 |
Phenotypes for PNN Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PNN:
- inferred from 4 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PNN:
-
- Increased viability
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Increased gamma-H2AX phosphorylation
- Mildly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Decreased viability in esophageal squamous lineage
- Dynamic nuclei (hole, folded or small irregular)
- Increased transferrin (TF) endocytosis
- Negative genetic interaction between BLM-/- and BLM+/+
- Increased Nanog expression
Animal Model Products
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-
-
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-
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-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PNN
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 100 available PNN gene related products
- Overview of 100 available PNN gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for PNN
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Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
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miRNA for PNN Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PNN
-
- hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT000893)
- hsa-mir-15a-5p (MIRT000894)
- hsa-mir-590-3p (MIRT016172)
- hsa-mir-30b-5p (MIRT023423)
- hsa-mir-23b-3p (MIRT023477)
- hsa-mir-1-3p (MIRT023760)
- hsa-mir-877-3p (MIRT036922)
- hsa-mir-320a (MIRT044620)
- hsa-mir-3145-3p (MIRT069995)
- hsa-mir-4709-3p (MIRT069997)
- hsa-mir-583 (MIRT114484)
- hsa-mir-320b (MIRT114485)
- hsa-mir-320c (MIRT114486)
- hsa-mir-1185-5p (MIRT114487)
- hsa-mir-548e-5p (MIRT114488)
- hsa-mir-320d (MIRT114490)
- hsa-mir-3662 (MIRT114493)
- hsa-mir-3679-5p (MIRT114494)
- hsa-mir-4429 (MIRT114496)
- hsa-mir-5189-3p (MIRT442665)
- hsa-mir-873-5p (MIRT442667)
- hsa-mir-1276 (MIRT532581)
- hsa-mir-4311 (MIRT532582)
- hsa-mir-550b-3p (MIRT547049)
- hsa-mir-4724-5p (MIRT547050)
miRNA Products
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Inhibitory RNA Products
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ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PNN gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PNN
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for PNN
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
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ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PNN gene
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ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PNN gene
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No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PNN Gene
Localization for PNN Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PNN Gene
- Nucleus speckle. Cell junction, desmosome. Note=Cell-cell contact area, predominantly desmosome of intercellular adherens junction. Not a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 4 |
| cytoskeleton | 4 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
- Nuclear speckles (4)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005681 | spliceosomal complex | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005882 | intermediate filament | TAS | 10809736 |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | 8922384 |
| GO:0005911 | cell-cell junction | TAS | 8922384 |
Pathways & Interactions for PNN Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mRNA surveillance pathway | ||
| 2 | RNA transport | ||
Pathways by source for PNN Gene
2 KEGG pathways for PNN Gene
Interacting Proteins for PNN Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q9H307-PININ_HUMAN
ENSP00000216832
for PNN Gene via
IID
STRING
UniProtKB
MINT
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000398 | mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | IC | 11991638 |
| GO:0006351 | transcription, DNA-templated | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006355 | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006397 | mRNA processing | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007155 | cell adhesion | TAS | 8922384 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PNN Gene
Transcripts for PNN Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PNN Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (9) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (439) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (6) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for PNN Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PNN
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- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for PNN
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PNN
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PNN
miRNA Products
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Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PNN
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- Overview of 100 available PNN gene related products
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ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PNN gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PNN
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PNN
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for PNN
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | · | 8c | ^ | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: |
Expression for PNN Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (15.0) and Blymphocyte (7.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for PNN Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PNN Gene:
PNNSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PNN Gene:
Hs.409965mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PNN Gene:
Q9H307-PININ_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in placenta, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, heart, epidermis, esophagus, brain and smooth and skeletal muscle. Expressed strongly in melanoma metastasis lesions and advanced primary tumors.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PNN Gene
- Nervous system(4.9)
- Liver(4.6)
- Blood(4.5)
- Skin(4.5)
- Eye(4.4)
- Adrenal gland(4.3)
- Lung(2.7)
- Heart(2.4)
- Kidney(2.4)
- Spleen(2.2)
- Intestine(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PNN
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PNN
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Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PNN Gene
Orthologs for PNN Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PNN 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PNN 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pnn 16 34 33 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pnn 33 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PNN 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PNN 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PNN 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PNN 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PNN 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | Str.7384 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | pnn 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| wufb24d03 33 |
|
||||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Pnn 34 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for PNN was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for PNN Gene
No data available for Paralogs for PNN Gene
Variants for PNN Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 14 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000079015 | -- | 39,176,200(+) | AAA/A | intron_variant | |
| rs1000427340 | -- | 39,182,492(+) | G/A | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
| rs1000568076 | -- | 39,182,710(+) | G/C | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
| rs1000995685 | -- | 39,176,952(+) | A/G | intron_variant | |
| rs1001138235 | -- | 39,175,536(+) | G/C | intron_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| nsv1051247 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
22% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
6.08;
75.34% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PNN Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- PNN
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PNN Gene
Disorders for PNN Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| premenstrual tension |
|
|
| epileptic encephalopathy, childhood-onset |
|
|
Search PNN in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PNN
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PNN Gene
Publications for PNN Gene
- Characterization of pinin, a novel protein associated with the desmosome-intermediate filament complex. (PMID: 8922384) Ouyang P … Sugrue SP (The Journal of cell biology 1996) 2 3 4 22 58
- Reduction of Pnn by RNAi induces loss of cell-cell adhesion between human corneal epithelial cells. (PMID: 15735603) Joo JH … Sugrue SP (Molecular vision 2005) 3 4 22 58
- Human RNPS1 and its associated factors: a versatile alternative pre-mRNA splicing regulator in vivo. (PMID: 14729963) Sakashita E … Mayeda A (Molecular and cellular biology 2004) 3 4 22 58
- Over-expression of SR-cyclophilin, an interaction partner of nuclear pinin, releases SR family splicing factors from nuclear speckles. (PMID: 15358154) Lin CL … Ouyang P (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2004) 3 4 22 58
- Nuclear speckle-associated protein Pnn/DRS binds to the transcriptional corepressor CtBP and relieves CtBP-mediated repression of the E-cadherin gene. (PMID: 15542832) Alpatov R … Sugrue SP (Molecular and cellular biology 2004) 3 4 22 58
Products for PNN Gene
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- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PNN
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- antibodies-online: Search results for 80 available PNN Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- orf clones - Search results for 100 available PNN gene related products
- Overview of 100 available PNN gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 100 available PNN gene related products
- Overview of 100 available PNN gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 100 available PNN gene related products
- Overview of 100 available PNN gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 100 available PNN gene related products
- Overview of 100 available PNN gene related products
Sources for PNN Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew
- (158) Applied Biosystems