PLK1 Gene (Protein Coding)

Polo Like Kinase 1

GC16P023933
GIFtS:
50
The Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded by this gene belongs to the CDC5/Polo subfamily. It is highly expressed during mitosis and elevated levels are found in many different types of cancer. Depletion of this protein in cancer cells dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis; hence, it is a target for cancer therapy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015] See more...

Aliases for PLK1 Gene

Aliases for PLK1 Gene

  • Polo Like Kinase 1 2 3 5
  • Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase PLK1 3 4
  • Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 13 3 4
  • Polo-Like Kinase 1 2 4
  • EC 2.7.11.21 4 50
  • STPK13 3 4
  • PLK-1 3 4
  • PLK 3 4
  • Cell Cycle Regulated Protein Kinase 3
  • Polo-Like Kinase (Drosophila) 2
  • Polo (Drosophia)-Like Kinase 3
  • EC 2.7.11 50
  • PLK1 5

External Ids for PLK1 Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for PLK1 Gene

  • PLK

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PLK1 Gene

  • GC16P023657
  • GC16P023658
  • GC16P023597
  • GC16P023690
  • GC16P021779
  • GC16P023691
  • GC16P023698
  • GC16P023706
  • GC16P023712
  • GC16P023719
  • GC16P023726
  • GC16P023833
  • GC16P023844
  • GC16P023850
  • GC16P023869
  • GC16P023737
  • GC16P023748
  • GC16P023760
  • GC16P023772
  • GC16P023788
  • GC16P023799
  • GC16P023810
  • GC16P023822
  • GC16P023888
  • GC16P023909

Summaries for PLK1 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for PLK1 Gene

  • The Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded by this gene belongs to the CDC5/Polo subfamily. It is highly expressed during mitosis and elevated levels are found in many different types of cancer. Depletion of this protein in cancer cells dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis; hence, it is a target for cancer therapy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

CIViC Summary for PLK1 Gene

GeneCards Summary for PLK1 Gene

PLK1 (Polo Like Kinase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PLK1 include Gonococcal Keratitis and Brain Glioma. Among its related pathways are Cell Cycle, Mitotic and Cyclin A/B1 associated events during G2/M transition. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PLK3.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PLK1 Gene

  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Polo-like kinase proteins acts by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates BORA, BUB1B/BUBR1, CCNB1, CDC25C, CEP55, ECT2, ERCC6L, FBXO5/EMI1, FOXM1, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, NEDD1, NINL, NPM1, NUDC, PKMYT1/MYT1, KIZ, PPP1R12A/MYPT1, PRC1, RACGAP1/CYK4, SGO1, STAG2/SA2, TEX14, TOPORS, p73/TP73, TPT1, WEE1 and HNRNPU. Plays a key role in centrosome functions and the assembly of bipolar spindles by phosphorylating KIZ, NEDD1 and NINL. NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, an important step for spindle formation. Phosphorylation of NINL component of the centrosome leads to NINL dissociation from other centrosomal proteins. Involved in mitosis exit and cytokinesis by phosphorylating CEP55, ECT2, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, PRC1 and RACGAP1. Recruited at the central spindle by phosphorylating and docking PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2; creates its own docking sites on PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2 by mediating phosphorylation of sites subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates RACGAP1, thereby creating a docking site for the Rho GTP exchange factor ECT2 that is essential for the cleavage furrow formation. Promotes the central spindle recruitment of ECT2. Plays a central role in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle by phosphorylating CCNB1, CDC25C, FOXM1, CENPU, PKMYT1/MYT1, PPP1R12A/MYPT1 and WEE1. Part of a regulatory circuit that promotes the activation of CDK1 by phosphorylating the positive regulator CDC25C and inhibiting the negative regulators WEE1 and PKMYT1/MYT1. Also acts by mediating phosphorylation of cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) on centrosomes in prophase. Phosphorylates FOXM1, a key mitotic transcription regulator, leading to enhance FOXM1 transcriptional activity. Involved in kinetochore functions and sister chromatid cohesion by phosphorylating BUB1B/BUBR1, FBXO5/EMI1 and STAG2/SA2. PLK1 is high on non-attached kinetochores suggesting a role of PLK1 in kinetochore attachment or in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) regulation. Required for kinetochore localization of BUB1B. Regulates the dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes by phosphorylating cohesin subunits such as STAG2/SA2. Phosphorylates SGO1: required for spindle pole localization of isoform 3 of SGO1 and plays a role in regulating its centriole cohesion function. Mediates phosphorylation of FBXO5/EMI1, a negative regulator of the APC/C complex during prophase, leading to FBXO5/EMI1 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Acts as a negative regulator of p53 family members: phosphorylates TOPORS, leading to inhibit the sumoylation of p53/TP53 and simultaneously enhance the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates the transactivation domain of the transcription factor p73/TP73, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates BORA, and thereby promotes the degradation of BORA. Contributes to the regulation of AURKA function. Also required for recovery after DNA damage checkpoint and entry into mitosis. Phosphorylates MISP, leading to stabilization of cortical and astral microtubule attachments required for proper spindle positioning (PubMed:8991084, PubMed:11202906, PubMed:12207013, PubMed:12447691, PubMed:12524548, PubMed:12738781, PubMed:12852856, PubMed:12939256, PubMed:14532005, PubMed:14734534, PubMed:15070733, PubMed:15148369, PubMed:15469984, PubMed:16198290, PubMed:16247472, PubMed:16980960, PubMed:17081991, PubMed:17351640, PubMed:17376779, PubMed:17617734, PubMed:18174154, PubMed:18331714, PubMed:18418051, PubMed:18477460, PubMed:18521620, PubMed:18615013, PubMed:19160488, PubMed:19351716, PubMed:19468300, PubMed:19468302, PubMed:19473992, PubMed:19509060, PubMed:19597481, PubMed:23455478, PubMed:23509069). Together with MEIKIN, acts as a regulator of kinetochore function during meiosis I: required both for mono-orientation of kinetochores on sister chromosomes and protection of centromeric cohesin from separase-mediated cleavage (By similarity). Phosphorylates CEP68 and is required for its degradation (PubMed:25503564). Regulates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase by phosphorylating DCTN1 resulting in its localization in the nuclear envelope (PubMed:20679239). Phosphorylates the heat shock transcription factor HSF1, promoting HSF1 nuclear translocation upon heat shock (PubMed:15661742). Phosphorylates HSF1 also in the early mitotic period; this phosphorylation regulates HSF1 localization to the spindle pole, the recruitment of the SCF(BTRC) ubiquitin ligase complex induicing HSF1 degradation, and hence mitotic progression (PubMed:18794143). Regulates mitotic progression by phosphorylating RIOK2 (PubMed:21880710).

Tocris Summary for PLK1 Gene

  • Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a family of four serine/threonine protein kinases that are critical regulators of cell cycle progression, mitosis, cytokinesis, and the DNA damage response. PLK1, -2 and -3 are ubiquitously expressed, whereas PLK4 is restricted to a few tissues.

Gene Wiki entry for PLK1 Gene

Additional gene information for PLK1 Gene

No data available for PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PLK1 Gene

Genomics for PLK1 Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for PLK1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around PLK1 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PLK1

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PLK1 gene promoter:
  • AP-2alpha
  • AP-2alphaA
  • AP-2beta
  • AP-2gamma
  • E4BP4
  • FOXD1
  • LCR-F1
  • STAT5A

Genomic Locations for PLK1 Gene

Latest Assembly
chr16:23,677,656-23,690,367
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
12,712 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Previous Assembly
chr16:23,690,210-23,701,688
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
11,479 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

chr16:23,688,977-23,701,688
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
12,712 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for PLK1 Gene

Genes around PLK1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
PLK1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for PLK1 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for PLK1 Gene

Proteins for PLK1 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibodies for research
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  • Protein details for PLK1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P53350-PLK1_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1
    Protein Accession:
    P53350
    Secondary Accessions:
    • Q15153
    • Q99746

    Protein attributes for PLK1 Gene

    Size:
    603 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    68255 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts with CEP170 and EVI5. Interacts and phosphorylates ERCC6L. Interacts with FAM29A. Interacts with SLX4/BTBD12 and TTDN1. Interacts with BUB1B. Interacts (via POLO-box domain) with the phosphorylated form of BUB1, CENPU and CDC25C. Interacts with isoform 3 of SGO1. Interacts with BORA, KIF2A and AURKA. Interacts with TOPORS and CYLD. Interacts with ECT2; the interaction is stimulated upon phosphorylation of ECT2 on 'Thr-444'. Interacts with PRC1. Interacts with KIF20A/MKLP2 (when phosphorylated), leading to the recruitment at the central spindle. Interacts (via POLO box domains) with PPP1R12A/MYPT1 (when previously phosphorylated by CDK1). Part of an astrin (SPAG5)-kinastrin (SKAP) complex containing KNSTRN, SPAG5, PLK1, DYNLL1 and SGO2. Interacts with BIRC6/bruce. Interacts with CDK1-phosphorylated FRY; this interaction occurs in mitotic cells, but not in interphase cells. FRY interaction facilitates AURKA-mediated PLK1 phosphorylation. Interacts with CDK1-phosphorylated DCTN6 during mitotic prometaphase; the interaction facilitates recruitment to kinetochores. Interacts with CEP68; the interaction phosphorylates CEP68 (PubMed:25503564). Interacts (via POLO-box domain) with DCTN1 (PubMed:20679239). Interacts with CEP20 in later G1, S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle; this interaction recruits PLK1 to centrosomes, a step required for S phase progression (PubMed:24018379). Interacts with HSF1; this interaction increases upon heat shock but does not modulate neither HSF1 homotrimerization nor DNA-binding activities (PubMed:15661742, PubMed:18794143). Interacts with HNRNPU; this interaction induces phosphorylation of HNRNPU in mitosis (PubMed:25986610). Interacts (via its N-terminus) to RIOK2 (PubMed:21880710). Interacts with KLHL22 (PubMed:24067371, PubMed:23455478).

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PLK1 Gene

neXtProt entry for PLK1 Gene

Protein Expression for PLK1 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for PLK1 Gene

P53350:
  • TPREGDELARLP
  • WSIGCIMYTLLVGKPPFETSCLKETY
  • GHSFEVD
  • VVLELCRRRSLLELHKRRKA
  • TEPEARY
  • LLNDEFFT
  • LGKGGFA
  • ESYLTVSSHPNSL
  • KLGNLFLN
  • GRFLGKGGFA
  • HRDLKLGN
  • VFAGKIV
  • PPRFSIAPS
  • KPHQREK
  • LVGKPPFE
  • RIKKNEYS
  • NEYSIPKHINPVA
  • YIAPEVL
  • MVDKLLSSRSA
  • VIHRDLK
  • GYQLCDNSVGVLFND
  • KELASRLRYAR
  • RQEEAEDPA
  • CGTPNYIAPE

Post-translational modifications for PLK1 Gene

  • Catalytic activity is enhanced by phosphorylation of Thr-210. Phosphorylation at Thr-210 is first detected on centrosomes in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, peaks in prometaphase and gradually disappears from centrosomes during anaphase. Dephosphorylation at Thr-210 at centrosomes is probably mediated by protein phosphatase 1C (PP1C), via interaction with PPP1R12A/MYPT1. Autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of Ser-137 may not be significant for the activation of PLK1 during mitosis, but may enhance catalytic activity during recovery after DNA damage checkpoint. Phosphorylated in vitro by STK10.
  • Ubiquitinated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in anaphase and following DNA damage, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Ubiquitination is mediated via its interaction with FZR1/CDH1. Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation prevents entry into mitosis and is essential to maintain an efficient G2 DNA damage checkpoint. Monoubiquitination at Lys-492 by the BCR(KLHL22) ubiquitin ligase complex does not lead to degradation: it promotes PLK1 dissociation from phosphoreceptor proteins and subsequent removal from kinetochores, allowing silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and chromosome segregation.
  • Ubiquitination at Lys9, Lys19, Lys272, Lys480, and Lys492
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for PLK1 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibodies for research

  • Abcam antibodies for PLK1

Domains & Families for PLK1 Gene

Gene Families for PLK1 Gene

IUPHAR :
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Cancer-related genes
  • Disease related genes
  • Enzymes
  • Potential drug targets
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for PLK1 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • POLO box duplicated region

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PLK1 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • cDNA FLJ51423, highly similar to Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 (EC 2.7.11.21) (B4E083_HUMAN)
  • Polo-like kinase 1 (Drosophila), isoform CRA_b (D3DWF3_HUMAN)
  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase 13 (PLK1_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P53350

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

PLK1_HUMAN :
  • The POLO box domains act as phosphopeptide-binding module that recognize and bind serine-[phosphothreonine/phosphoserine]-(proline/X) motifs. PLK1 recognizes and binds docking proteins that are already phosphorylated on these motifs, and then phosphorylates them. PLK1 can also create its own docking sites by mediating phosphorylation of serine-[phosphothreonine/phosphoserine]-(proline/X) motifs subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains.
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily.
Domain:
  • The POLO box domains act as phosphopeptide-binding module that recognize and bind serine-[phosphothreonine/phosphoserine]-(proline/X) motifs. PLK1 recognizes and binds docking proteins that are already phosphorylated on these motifs, and then phosphorylates them. PLK1 can also create its own docking sites by mediating phosphorylation of serine-[phosphothreonine/phosphoserine]-(proline/X) motifs subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains.
Family:
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with PLK1: view

Function for PLK1 Gene

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  6. Cell Lines for research

Molecular function for PLK1 Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Polo-like kinase proteins acts by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates BORA, BUB1B/BUBR1, CCNB1, CDC25C, CEP55, ECT2, ERCC6L, FBXO5/EMI1, FOXM1, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, NEDD1, NINL, NPM1, NUDC, PKMYT1/MYT1, KIZ, PPP1R12A/MYPT1, PRC1, RACGAP1/CYK4, SGO1, STAG2/SA2, TEX14, TOPORS, p73/TP73, TPT1, WEE1 and HNRNPU. Plays a key role in centrosome functions and the assembly of bipolar spindles by phosphorylating KIZ, NEDD1 and NINL. NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, an important step for spindle formation. Phosphorylation of NINL component of the centrosome leads to NINL dissociation from other centrosomal proteins. Involved in mitosis exit and cytokinesis by phosphorylating CEP55, ECT2, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, PRC1 and RACGAP1. Recruited at the central spindle by phosphorylating and docking PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2; creates its own docking sites on PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2 by mediating phosphorylation of sites subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates RACGAP1, thereby creating a docking site for the Rho GTP exchange factor ECT2 that is essential for the cleavage furrow formation. Promotes the central spindle recruitment of ECT2. Plays a central role in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle by phosphorylating CCNB1, CDC25C, FOXM1, CENPU, PKMYT1/MYT1, PPP1R12A/MYPT1 and WEE1. Part of a regulatory circuit that promotes the activation of CDK1 by phosphorylating the positive regulator CDC25C and inhibiting the negative regulators WEE1 and PKMYT1/MYT1. Also acts by mediating phosphorylation of cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) on centrosomes in prophase. Phosphorylates FOXM1, a key mitotic transcription regulator, leading to enhance FOXM1 transcriptional activity. Involved in kinetochore functions and sister chromatid cohesion by phosphorylating BUB1B/BUBR1, FBXO5/EMI1 and STAG2/SA2. PLK1 is high on non-attached kinetochores suggesting a role of PLK1 in kinetochore attachment or in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) regulation. Required for kinetochore localization of BUB1B. Regulates the dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes by phosphorylating cohesin subunits such as STAG2/SA2. Phosphorylates SGO1: required for spindle pole localization of isoform 3 of SGO1 and plays a role in regulating its centriole cohesion function. Mediates phosphorylation of FBXO5/EMI1, a negative regulator of the APC/C complex during prophase, leading to FBXO5/EMI1 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Acts as a negative regulator of p53 family members: phosphorylates TOPORS, leading to inhibit the sumoylation of p53/TP53 and simultaneously enhance the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates the transactivation domain of the transcription factor p73/TP73, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates BORA, and thereby promotes the degradation of BORA. Contributes to the regulation of AURKA function. Also required for recovery after DNA damage checkpoint and entry into mitosis. Phosphorylates MISP, leading to stabilization of cortical and astral microtubule attachments required for proper spindle positioning (PubMed:8991084, PubMed:11202906, PubMed:12207013, PubMed:12447691, PubMed:12524548, PubMed:12738781, PubMed:12852856, PubMed:12939256, PubMed:14532005, PubMed:14734534, PubMed:15070733, PubMed:15148369, PubMed:15469984, PubMed:16198290, PubMed:16247472, PubMed:16980960, PubMed:17081991, PubMed:17351640, PubMed:17376779, PubMed:17617734, PubMed:18174154, PubMed:18331714, PubMed:18418051, PubMed:18477460, PubMed:18521620, PubMed:18615013, PubMed:19160488, PubMed:19351716, PubMed:19468300, PubMed:19468302, PubMed:19473992, PubMed:19509060, PubMed:19597481, PubMed:23455478, PubMed:23509069). Together with MEIKIN, acts as a regulator of kinetochore function during meiosis I: required both for mono-orientation of kinetochores on sister chromosomes and protection of centromeric cohesin from separase-mediated cleavage (By similarity). Phosphorylates CEP68 and is required for its degradation (PubMed:25503564). Regulates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase by phosphorylating DCTN1 resulting in its localization in the nuclear envelope (PubMed:20679239). Phosphorylates the heat shock transcription factor HSF1, promoting HSF1 nuclear translocation upon heat shock (PubMed:15661742). Phosphorylates HSF1 also in the early mitotic period; this phosphorylation regulates HSF1 localization to the spindle pole, the recruitment of the SCF(BTRC) ubiquitin ligase complex induicing HSF1 degradation, and hence mitotic progression (PubMed:18794143). Regulates mitotic progression by phosphorylating RIOK2 (PubMed:21880710).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:17989, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9863, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11604, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29999, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:83421, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.11.21; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11202906, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12207013, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21880710};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46608, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11060, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11605, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30013, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:61977, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.11.21; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11202906, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12207013, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21880710};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
By growth-stimulating agents.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
Activated by phosphorylation of Thr-210 by AURKA; phosphorylation by AURKA is enhanced by BORA. Once activated, activity is stimulated by binding target proteins. Binding of target proteins has no effect on the non-activated kinase. Several inhibitors targeting PLKs are currently in development and are under investigation in a growing number of clinical trials, such as BI 2536, an ATP-competitive PLK1 inhibitor or BI 6727, a dihydropteridinone that specifically inhibits the catalytic activity of PLK1.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PLK1 Gene

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PLK1 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for PLK1 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA --
GO:0000287 magnesium ion binding IMP 17461553
GO:0004672 protein kinase activity IEA,IMP 17461553
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity TAS --
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 12493754
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PLK1: view

Phenotypes for PLK1 Gene

MGI mutant phenotypes for PLK1:
inferred from 2 alleles
GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PLK1:
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with PLK1: view

Animal Models for PLK1 Gene

MGI Knock Outs for PLK1:
  • Plk1 Plk1<tm1b(EUCOMM)Hmgu>

Animal Models for research

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PLK1

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PLK1 Gene

Localization for PLK1 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PLK1 Gene

Nucleus. Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Midbody. Note=localization at the centrosome starts at the G1/S transition (PubMed:24018379). During early stages of mitosis, the phosphorylated form is detected on centrosomes and kinetochores. Localizes to the outer kinetochore. Presence of SGO1 and interaction with the phosphorylated form of BUB1 is required for the kinetochore localization. Localizes onto the central spindle by phosphorylating and docking at midzone proteins KIF20A/MKLP2 and PRC1. Colocalizes with FRY to separating centrosomes and spindle poles from prophase to metaphase in mitosis, but not in other stages of the cell cycle. Localization to the centrosome is required for S phase progression (PubMed:24018379). Colocalizes with HSF1 at the spindle poles during prometaphase (PubMed:18794143). {ECO:0000269 PubMed:18794143, ECO:0000269 PubMed:24018379}.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for PLK1 gene
Compartment Confidence
cytoskeleton 5
nucleus 5
cytosol 5
plasma membrane 2
extracellular 2
mitochondrion 2
endoplasmic reticulum 2
endosome 2
lysosome 2
golgi apparatus 2
peroxisome 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for PLK1 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000775 chromosome, centromeric region IEA --
GO:0000776 kinetochore IEA,IDA 17617734
GO:0000777 condensed chromosome kinetochore IEA --
GO:0000779 condensed chromosome, centromeric region IEA --
GO:0000785 chromatin IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PLK1: view

No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PLK1 Gene

Pathways & Interactions for PLK1 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with PLK1: view

Pathways by source for PLK1 Gene

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for PLK1 Gene
  • Cell cycle Role of SCF complex in cell cycle regulation
  • Cell cycle_Role of APC in cell cycle regulation
2 Qiagen pathways for PLK1 Gene
  • BRCA1 Pathway
  • Mitotic Roles of Polo Like Kinases
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for PLK1 Gene
1 GeneTex pathway for PLK1 Gene

SIGNOR curated interactions for PLK1 Gene

Activates:
Inactivates:
Is activated by:
Is inactivated by:
Other effect:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for PLK1 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation IMP 23455478
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle IDA,TAS --
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP 18174154
GO:0000132 establishment of mitotic spindle orientation IDA 23509069
GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle TAS,IMP 18477460
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PLK1: view

Drugs & Compounds for PLK1 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug products for research

(59) Drugs for PLK1 Gene - From: DrugBank, ClinicalTrials, ApexBio, DGIdb, HMDB, Tocris, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
fostamatinib Approved, Investigational Pharma Target, inhibitor Kinase Inhibitors 0
Cytarabine Approved, Investigational Pharma 1376
Decitabine Approved, Investigational Pharma DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 416
Prednisone Approved, Vet_approved Pharma 1845
Wortmannin Experimental Pharma Target PI3K inhibitor,selective and irreversible, Potent, irreversible inhibitor of PI 3-kinase. Also inhibitor of PLK1 0

(14) Additional Compounds for PLK1 Gene - From: Novoseek, HMDB, and Tocris

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
ADP
  • 5'-Adenylphosphoric acid
  • Adenosine 5'-diphosphate
  • ADENOSINE-5'-diphosphATE
  • H3ADP
  • 5'-Adenylphosphate
 58-64-0
SBE 13 hydrochloride
1052532-15-6

(5) Tocris Compounds for PLK1 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Cyclapolin 9 Selective, ATP-competitive PLK1 inhibitor 40533-25-3
GW 843682X Selective inhibitor of PLK1 and PLK3 660868-91-7
Ro 3280 Potent and selective PLK1 inhibitor 1062243-51-9
SBE 13 hydrochloride Potent and selective PLK1 inhibitor 1052532-15-6
TC-S 7005 Potent and selective PLK2 inhibitor 1082739-92-1

(17) ApexBio Compounds for PLK1 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Bendamustine HCl Cytostatic agent for non-Hodgkin lymphomas 3543-75-7
BI 2536 Plk1 inhibitor,potent and ATP-competitive 755038-02-9
BI6727 (Volasertib) Plk inhibitor,highly potent 755038-65-4
Cyclapolin 9 40533-25-3
GSK461364 Plk1 inhibitor 929095-18-1
GW843682X PLK1/PLK3 inhibitor,potent and selective 660868-91-7
HMN-214 Plk inhibitor,broad-spectrum anti-tumor agent 173529-46-9
MLN0905 Potent PLK1 inhibitor 1228960-69-7
NMS-1286937 1034616-18-6
Poloxime 17302-61-3
Poloxin PLK1 inhibitor 321688-88-4
Rigosertib PI3K/PLK1 inhibitor 592542-59-1
Rigosertib (ON-01910,Estybon) Plk1 inhibitor 1225497-78-8
Ro3280 PLK1 inhibitor,potent and highly selective 1062243-51-9
SBE 13 HCl Inactive Plk1 inhibitor 1052532-15-6
TAK960 Oral and selective PLK1 inhibitor 1137868-52-0
TC-S 7005 1082739-92-1
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with PLK1: view

Drug products for research

Transcripts for PLK1 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR products for research
  2. miRNA products for research
  3. Inhibitory RNAs for research
  4. Clone products for research

mRNA/cDNA for PLK1 Gene

1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
13 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PLK1

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PLK1 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b · 7c ^ 8a · 8b · 8c ^ 9a · 9b · 9c ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12a · 12b · 12c
SP1: - - - - - -
SP2: - - -
SP3:
SP4:
SP5: -
SP6: - -
SP7: -
SP8: -

Relevant External Links for PLK1 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
PLK1

Expression for PLK1 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer products for research
  2. Gene Expression Assays for research

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for PLK1 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for PLK1 Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for PLK1 GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for PLK1 Gene

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PLK1 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Testis (x6.2).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for PLK1 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Breast (68.9).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for PLK1 Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for PLK1 Gene

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PLK1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PLK1 Gene:

Hs.592049

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PLK1 Gene:

P53350-PLK1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Placenta and colon.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PLK1 Gene

  • Intestine(4.7)
  • Lung(4.7)
  • Blood(4.5)
  • Nervous system(4.4)
  • Skin(3.8)
  • Liver(3.7)
  • Kidney(2.8)
  • Eye(2.7)
  • Lymph node(2.5)
  • Bone marrow(2.4)
  • Pancreas(2.4)
  • Heart(2.2)
  • Muscle(2.1)
  • Stomach(2.1)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with PLK1: view

No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PLK1 Gene

Orthologs for PLK1 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.

Orthologs for PLK1 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia PLK1 29 30
  • 99.45 (n)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia PLK1 29 30
  • 90.9 (n)
 OneToOne
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia PLK1 29 30
  • 90.27 (n)
 OneToOne
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Plk1 29 16 30
  • 88.5 (n)
 OneToOne
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Plk1 29
  • 87.4 (n)
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia PLK1 30
  • 86 (a)
 OneToOne
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia PLK1 30
  • 85 (a)
 OneToOne
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves PLK1 29 30
  • 76.44 (n)
 OneToOne
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia PLK1 30
  • 78 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia plk1 29
  • 74.26 (n)
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia plk-prov 29
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii plk1 29 30
  • 69.7 (n)
 OneToOne
Fruit Fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta polo 29 30
  • 58.74 (n)
 OneToOne
African malaria mosquito
(Anopheles gambiae)
 Insecta AgaP_AGAP004239 29
  • 57.24 (n)
Worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea plk-1 29 30
  • 56.93 (n)
 OneToMany
plk-2 30
  • 48 (a)
 OneToMany
plk-3 30
  • 37 (a)
 OneToMany
A. gosspyii yeast
(Eremothecium gossypii)
 Saccharomycetes AGOS_ACL006W 29
  • 50.87 (n)
Baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 Saccharomycetes CDC5 29 30 32
  • 48.2 (n)
 OneToMany
K. Lactis Yeast
(Kluyveromyces lactis)
 Saccharomycetes KLLA0C06138g 29
  • 46.79 (n)
Sea Squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea CSA.5715 30
  • 63 (a)
 OneToOne
Sea Vase
(Ciona intestinalis)
 Ascidiacea Cin.2496 29
Species where no ortholog for PLK1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for PLK1 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for PLK1 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for PLK1 (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PLK1: view image
Alliance of Genome Resources:
Additional Orthologs for PLK1

Paralogs for PLK1 Gene

Paralogs for PLK1 Gene

(7) SIMAP similar genes for PLK1 Gene using alignment to 5 proteins:

  • PLK1_HUMAN
  • D3DWF3_HUMAN
  • I3L2H5_HUMAN
  • I3L309_HUMAN
  • I3L387_HUMAN

Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PLK1 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with PLK1: view

Variants for PLK1 Gene

Products:

  1. SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PLK1 Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 16 pos Variation AA Info Type
812701 Uncertain Significance: Recurrent spontaneous abortion 23,679,060(+) T/C
NM_005030.6(PLK1):c.128T>C (p.Val43Ala) 		MISSENSE
rs35984094 Benign: not provided 23,680,095(+) G/A
NM_005030.6(PLK1):c.420G>A (p.Glu140=) 		SYNONYMOUS
VAR_041018 A lung squamous cell carcinoma sample p.Arg12Leu
rs16972799 -- p.Asn297Asp
rs34001032 -- p.Ser595Leu

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for PLK1 Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Variation tolerance for PLK1 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 31.1% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 2.13; 38.79% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for PLK1 Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
PLK1
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
PLK1
Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD)
PLK1

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PLK1 Gene

Disorders for PLK1 Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(24) MalaCards diseases for PLK1 Gene - From: COP and GCD

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
gonococcal keratitis
brain glioma
  • lower grade glioma
squamous cell carcinoma
  • epidermoid carcinoma
trichothiodystrophy 1, photosensitive
  • ttd1
ataxia-telangiectasia
  • at
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search PLK1 in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PLK1_HUMAN
  • Note=Defects in PLK1 are associated with some cancers, such as gastric, thyroid or B-cell lymphomas. Expression is cancer increased in tumor tissues with a poor prognosis, suggesting a role in malignant transformations and carcinogenesis.

Additional Disease Information for PLK1

Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with PLK1: view

No data available for Genatlas for PLK1 Gene

Publications for PLK1 Gene

  1. Induction and down-regulation of PLK, a human serine/threonine kinase expressed in proliferating cells and tumors. (PMID: 8127874) Holtrich U … Strebhardt K (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994) 2 3 4 22
  2. Sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 is required for targeting of the gammaTuRC to the centrosome. (PMID: 19509060) Zhang X … Zhang C (Journal of cell science 2009) 3 4 22
  3. Polo-like kinase 1 directs assembly of the HsCyk-4 RhoGAP/Ect2 RhoGEF complex to initiate cleavage furrow formation. (PMID: 19468300) Wolfe BA … Glotzer M (PLoS biology 2009) 3 4 22
  4. Plk1 self-organization and priming phosphorylation of HsCYK-4 at the spindle midzone regulate the onset of division in human cells. (PMID: 19468302) Burkard ME … Jallepalli PV (PLoS biology 2009) 3 4 22
  5. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Topors regulates p53 stability. (PMID: 19473992) Yang X … Liu X (The Journal of biological chemistry 2009) 3 4 22

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for PLK1 gene in Mastermind

Products for PLK1 Gene

  • Addgene plasmids for PLK1

Sources for PLK1 Gene