PLA2G4A Gene (Protein Coding)

Phospholipase A2 Group IVA

GC01P186798
GIFtS:
50
This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracel... See more...

Aliases for PLA2G4A Gene

Aliases for PLA2G4A Gene

  • Phospholipase A2 Group IVA 2 3 4 5
  • CPLA2 3 4 4
  • Phospholipase A2, Group IVA (Cytosolic, Calcium-Dependent) 2 3
  • Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 3 4
  • CPLA2-Alpha 2 3
  • PLA2G4 3 4
  • Calcium-Dependent Phospholipid-Binding Protein 3
  • Phosphatidylcholine 2-Acylhydrolase 3
  • Lysophospholipase 3
  • PLA2G4A 5
  • GURDP 3

External Ids for PLA2G4A Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for PLA2G4A Gene

  • PLA2G4

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PLA2G4A Gene

  • GC01P184323
  • GC01P182226
  • GC01P183317
  • GC01P184037
  • GC01P184013
  • GC01P183529
  • GC01P185064
  • GC01P158032

Summaries for PLA2G4A Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for PLA2G4A Gene

  • This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

GeneCards Summary for PLA2G4A Gene

PLA2G4A (Phospholipase A2 Group IVA) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PLA2G4A include Gastrointestinal Ulceration, Recurrent, With Dysfunctional Platelets and Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerous Stenosing Enteritis. Among its related pathways are Ras signaling pathway and Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include calcium ion binding and phospholipase A2 activity. An important paralog of this gene is PLA2G4F.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PLA2G4A Gene

  • Has primarily calcium-dependent phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities, with a major role in membrane lipid remodeling and biosynthesis of lipid mediators of the inflammatory response (PubMed:7794891, PubMed:8619991, PubMed:8702602, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:14709560, PubMed:16617059, PubMed:17472963, PubMed:27642067, PubMed:18451993). Plays an important role in embryo implantation and parturition through its ability to trigger prostanoid production (By similarity). Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) (PubMed:7794891, PubMed:8619991, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:17472963, PubMed:18451993). Selectively hydrolyzes sn-2 arachidonoyl group from membrane phospholipids, providing the precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase pathway (PubMed:18451993, PubMed:7794891, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:17472963). In an alternative pathway of eicosanoid biosynthesis, hydrolyzes sn-2 fatty acyl chain of eicosanoid lysophopholipids to release free bioactive eicosanoids (PubMed:27642067). Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-1 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 activity) only if an ether linkage rather than an ester linkage is present at the sn-2 position. This hydrolysis is not stereospecific (PubMed:7794891). Has calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities in the presence of phosphoinositides (PubMed:12672805). Has O-acyltransferase activity. Catalyzes the transfer of fatty acyl chains from phospholipids to a primary hydroxyl group of glycerol (sn-1 or sn-3), potentially contributing to monoacylglycerol synthesis (PubMed:7794891).

Tocris Summary for PLA2G4A Gene

  • Phospholipases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic molecules. There are four major classes; phospholipase A, phospholipase B, phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and phospholipase D.

Gene Wiki entry for PLA2G4A Gene

Additional gene information for PLA2G4A Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PLA2G4A Gene

Genomics for PLA2G4A Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for PLA2G4A Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier GH Type GH
Score		 GH Sources Gene Association Score Total Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor
Binding Sites		 Gene Targets
GH01J186828 Promoter/Enhancer 2 EPDnew FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas 254.8 +0.9 916 3.1 ZNF580 CEBPB FEZF1 MAX SIN3A MAFF RFX5 ZNF316 TBP USF2 PLA2G4A TPR PTGS2 piR-56133-014
GH01J186849 Enhancer 0.7 FANTOM5 17.5 +20.6 20553 0.3 BCL11A IRF4 BHLHE40 SPI1 BATF IKZF1 NFATC1 ATF2 TARDBP IKZF2 PLA2G4A PTGS2 piR-56133-014
GH01J186848 Enhancer 0.6 FANTOM5 17.7 +20.0 20039 0.2 FOXP1 BCL6B ZSCAN4 ZNF692 FOS MAFK ZNF114 ZNF112 ZNF248 ENSG00000228238 PLA2G4A PDC-AS1 ODR4 PTGS2 piR-56133-014
GH01J186738 Enhancer 0.8 FANTOM5 Ensembl 10.8 -90.0 -90029 1.4 BATF JUNB ARID3A SPI1 CREM MTA2 EZH2 RUNX3 CEBPB HSALNG0009106 PTGS2 PLA2G4A PACERR ODR4 RF00994-072 HSALNG0009104
GH01J186882 Enhancer 0.4 Ensembl 11.6 +54.0 53952 1 ATF2 JUND JUN ATF7 PLA2G4A piR-56133-014
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around PLA2G4A on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PLA2G4A

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PLA2G4A gene promoter:
  • AP-1
  • ATF-2
  • c-Jun
  • CRE-BP1
  • GR
  • GR-alpha
  • PPAR-gamma1
  • PPAR-gamma2
  • STAT5A

Genomic Locations for PLA2G4A Gene

Latest Assembly
chr1:186,828,949-186,988,981
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
160,033 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Previous Assembly
chr1:186,798,081-186,958,113
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
160,033 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

chr1:186,798,085-186,958,113
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
160,029 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for PLA2G4A Gene

Genes around PLA2G4A on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
PLA2G4A Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for PLA2G4A Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for PLA2G4A Gene

Proteins for PLA2G4A Gene

Products:

  1. Antibodies for research
  2. Protein products for research
  3. Assay products for research

  • Protein details for PLA2G4A Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P47712-PA24A_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Cytosolic phospholipase A2
    Protein Accession:
    P47712
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B1AKG4
    • Q29R80

    Protein attributes for PLA2G4A Gene

    Size:
    749 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    85239 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts with KAT5.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PLA2G4A Gene

neXtProt entry for PLA2G4A Gene

Protein Expression for PLA2G4A Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for PLA2G4A Gene

  • Phosphorylated at both Ser-505 and Ser-727 in response to mitogenic stimuli.
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
  • Modification sites at neXtProt

Other Protein References for PLA2G4A Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PLA2G4A Gene

Domains & Families for PLA2G4A Gene

Gene Families for PLA2G4A Gene

HGNC:
IUPHAR :
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Disease related genes
  • Enzymes
  • FDA approved drug targets
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for PLA2G4A Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • C2 domain
  • Inorganic pyrophosphatase
  • Lysophospholipase, catalytic domain

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PLA2G4A Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Phospholipase A2 group IVA (PA24A_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P47712

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

PA24A_HUMAN :
  • The N-terminal C2 domain associates with lipid membranes upon calcium binding. It modulates enzyme activity by presenting the active site to its substrate in response to elevations of cytosolic calcium (PubMed:9430701, PubMed:9665851, PubMed:11375391). In the presence of phosphoinositides, regulates phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities in a calcium-independent way (PubMed:12672805).
Domain:
  • The N-terminal C2 domain associates with lipid membranes upon calcium binding. It modulates enzyme activity by presenting the active site to its substrate in response to elevations of cytosolic calcium (PubMed:9430701, PubMed:9665851, PubMed:11375391). In the presence of phosphoinositides, regulates phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities in a calcium-independent way (PubMed:12672805).
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with PLA2G4A: view

Function for PLA2G4A Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Models for research
  2. CRISPR products for research
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  5. Clone products for research
  6. Cell Lines for research

Molecular function for PLA2G4A Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Has primarily calcium-dependent phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities, with a major role in membrane lipid remodeling and biosynthesis of lipid mediators of the inflammatory response (PubMed:7794891, PubMed:8619991, PubMed:8702602, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:14709560, PubMed:16617059, PubMed:17472963, PubMed:27642067, PubMed:18451993). Plays an important role in embryo implantation and parturition through its ability to trigger prostanoid production (By similarity). Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) (PubMed:7794891, PubMed:8619991, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:17472963, PubMed:18451993). Selectively hydrolyzes sn-2 arachidonoyl group from membrane phospholipids, providing the precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase pathway (PubMed:18451993, PubMed:7794891, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:17472963). In an alternative pathway of eicosanoid biosynthesis, hydrolyzes sn-2 fatty acyl chain of eicosanoid lysophopholipids to release free bioactive eicosanoids (PubMed:27642067). Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-1 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 activity) only if an ether linkage rather than an ester linkage is present at the sn-2 position. This hydrolysis is not stereospecific (PubMed:7794891). Has calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities in the presence of phosphoinositides (PubMed:12672805). Has O-acyltransferase activity. Catalyzes the transfer of fatty acyl chains from phospholipids to a primary hydroxyl group of glycerol (sn-1 or sn-3), potentially contributing to monoacylglycerol synthesis (PubMed:7794891).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a fatty acid + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15801, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:28868, ChEBI:CHEBI:57643, ChEBI:CHEBI:58168; EC=3.1.1.4; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10358058, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12672805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14709560, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16617059, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17472963, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451993, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8619991, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8702602};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a fatty acid + H(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15177, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16870, ChEBI:CHEBI:28868, ChEBI:CHEBI:58168; EC=3.1.1.5; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12672805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16617059};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40427, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:72998, ChEBI:CHEBI:73003; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10358058, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12672805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14709560, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16617059, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17472963, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1,2-di-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41075, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:60657, ChEBI:CHEBI:74344; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40519, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:73858, ChEBI:CHEBI:74965; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451993, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425121};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40811, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30245, ChEBI:CHEBI:72998, ChEBI:CHEBI:73002; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:14709560};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoate + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41307, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32387, ChEBI:CHEBI:73858, ChEBI:CHEBI:78022; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+) + hexadecanoate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41071, ChEBI:CHEBI:7896, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:74344, ChEBI:CHEBI:77694; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-O-hexadecyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41067, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:55430, ChEBI:CHEBI:64496; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10358058, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41123, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30823, ChEBI:CHEBI:72828, ChEBI:CHEBI:75163; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425121};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40451, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:74565, ChEBI:CHEBI:77091; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425121};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = H(+) + hexadecanoate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40435, ChEBI:CHEBI:7896, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16870, ChEBI:CHEBI:72998; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12672805, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16617059};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=2-(prostaglandin E2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = H(+) + prostaglandin E2 + sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53704, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:137581, ChEBI:CHEBI:143890, ChEBI:CHEBI:606564; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate + H(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53700, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16870, ChEBI:CHEBI:57409, ChEBI:CHEBI:137584; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53696, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16870, ChEBI:CHEBI:78837, ChEBI:CHEBI:137583; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=2-(prostaglandin E2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = H(+) + prostaglandin E2 + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53692, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16870, ChEBI:CHEBI:137585, ChEBI:CHEBI:606564; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:53688, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:16870, ChEBI:CHEBI:78836, ChEBI:CHEBI:137582; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:27642067};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-2-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41271, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:77695, ChEBI:CHEBI:77696; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glycerol = 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerol + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41099, ChEBI:CHEBI:17754, ChEBI:CHEBI:73858, ChEBI:CHEBI:74965, ChEBI:CHEBI:75612; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glycerol = 1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-glycerol + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:41087, ChEBI:CHEBI:17754, ChEBI:CHEBI:73858, ChEBI:CHEBI:75610, ChEBI:CHEBI:78022; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:7794891};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
Kinetic parameters: Vmax=2.7 umol/min/mg enzyme toward 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (phospholipase A2 activity) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8083230}; Vmax=4.6 umol/min/mg enzyme toward 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysophospholipase activity) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8083230}; Vmax=24.5 nmol/min/mg enzyme toward 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (phospholipase A2 activity in the absence of ceramide-1-phosphate) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17472963}; Vmax=240.5 nmol/min/mg enzyme toward 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (phospholipase A2 activity, in the presence of ceramide-1-phosphate) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17472963};
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
Activated by cytosolic calcium, which is necessary for binding to membrane lipids (PubMed:12672805). Activated by phosphorylation in response to mitogenic stimuli (PubMed:8381049). Activated by ceramide-1-phosphate. Binding (via C2 domain) to ceramide-1-phosphate increases the affinity for membrane lipids (PubMed:17472963). Can be activated by phosphoinositides in the absence of calcium (PubMed:12672805). Inhibited by ANXA5 in a calcium- and substrate-dependent way (PubMed:9425121).
GENATLAS Biochemistry:
phospholipase A2,group IV,Ca2+ dependent,cytosolic,releasing arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids,initiating the biosynthesis of prostaglandins,leukotrienes and platelet-activating factor

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PLA2G4A Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for PLA2G4A Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0004620 phospholipase activity IEA --
GO:0004622 lysophospholipase activity IEA,IDA 12672805
GO:0004623 phospholipase A2 activity IBA,NAS 8381049
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding IBA,IDA 9430701
GO:0005544 calcium-dependent phospholipid binding IBA,IDA 9665851
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PLA2G4A: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with PLA2G4A: view

Human Phenotype Ontology for PLA2G4A Gene

HPO Id HPO Name Alternative Ids Definition Synonyms

Animal Models for PLA2G4A Gene

MGI Knock Outs for PLA2G4A:

Animal Models for research

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PLA2G4A

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PLA2G4A Gene

Localization for PLA2G4A Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PLA2G4A Gene

Cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus membrane. Nucleus envelope. Note=Translocates to intracellular membranes in a calcium-dependent way. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:11375391}.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for PLA2G4A gene
Compartment Confidence
nucleus 5
cytosol 5
golgi apparatus 5
mitochondrion 4
endoplasmic reticulum 4
plasma membrane 2
extracellular 2
cytoskeleton 2
peroxisome 2
endosome 2
lysosome 2

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Cytosol (3)
  • Vesicles (3)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for PLA2G4A Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane IEA,IDA 11375391
GO:0005634 nucleus IBA 21873635
GO:0005635 nuclear envelope IEA,IDA 11375391
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA,IDA 11375391
GO:0005743 mitochondrial inner membrane TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PLA2G4A: view

Pathways & Interactions for PLA2G4A Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with PLA2G4A: view

Pathways by source for PLA2G4A Gene

1 Sino Biological pathway for PLA2G4A Gene
8 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for PLA2G4A Gene
  • Anandamide biosynthesis and metabolism
  • Development A1 receptor signaling
  • Development Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation of ERK
  • Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades
  • Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils
1 R&D Systems pathway for PLA2G4A Gene
12 Qiagen pathways for PLA2G4A Gene
  • all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain
  • Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C
  • cAMP Pathway
  • CCR3 Pathway in Eosinophils
  • Chemokine Signaling
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for PLA2G4A Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P47712-PA24A_HUMAN

  • Pathway: Membrane lipid metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism.
  • Pathway: Lipid metabolism; arachidonate metabolism.
  • Pathway: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis.
  • Pathway: Lipid metabolism; leukotriene B4 biosynthesis.

SIGNOR curated interactions for PLA2G4A Gene

Is activated by:
Other effect:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for PLA2G4A Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001516 prostaglandin biosynthetic process IMP 18451993
GO:0002827 positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response IEA --
GO:0006071 glycerol metabolic process IEA --
GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process IEA --
GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PLA2G4A: view

Drugs & Compounds for PLA2G4A Gene

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  1. Drug products for research

(92) Drugs for PLA2G4A Gene - From: DrugBank, PharmGKB, ApexBio, DGIdb, HMDB, Tocris, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Fluticasone propionate Approved Pharma Target, inhibitor, antagonist Selective high affinity glucocorticoid receptor agonist 0
Carbenicillin Approved, Investigational Pharma Enzyme, inhibitor 1
Epirubicin Approved Pharma Enzyme, inhibitor 502
Orlistat Approved, Investigational Pharma Enzyme, inhibitor Lipase inhibitor for obesity treatment, Pancreatic, gastric and carboxylester lipase inhibitor; antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic activity 63
Urethane Approved, Withdrawn Pharma Enzyme, substrate 15

(110) Additional Compounds for PLA2G4A Gene - From: HMDB, Novoseek, and Tocris

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
Arachidic acid
  • Arachic acid
  • Arachidinic acid
  • Arachinsaeure
  • C20:0
  • CH3-[CH2]18-COOH
 506-30-9
Beta-Cortolone
  • 1-Palmityl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • Gpcho(16:0/16:1)
  • Gpcho(16:0/16:1n7)
  • Gpcho(16:0/16:1W7)
  • Gpcho(32:1)
CE(22:0)
  • 1-Tetradecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • GPCho(14:0/18:0)
  • Phosphatidylcholine(14:0/18:0)
  • 1-Myristoyl-2-stearoylphosphatidylcholine
  • 1m-2S-PC
 61510-09-6
Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine
  • Glycerophosphorylethanolamine
  • sn-Glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine
  • Glycerophosphoethanolamine
  • Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine
  • GPEA
 1190-00-7
Heptadecanoic acid
  • 17:0
  • C17:0
  • CH3-[CH2]15-COOH
  • Heptadecoic acid
  • Heptadecylic acid
 506-12-7

(5) Tocris Compounds for PLA2G4A Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
AACOCF3 Phospholipase A2 inhibitor 149301-79-1
Edelfosine Selective PI-PLC inhibitor, also PAF receptor agonist 77286-66-9
m-3M3FBS Phospholipase C activator 200933-14-8
o-3M3FBS Inactive analog of m-3M3FBS (Cat. No. 1941) 313981-55-4
U 73122 Phospholipase C inhibitor 112648-68-7

(5) ApexBio Compounds for PLA2G4A Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
AACOCF3 Inhibitor of cPLA2/anandamide hydrolysis/FAAH 149301-79-1
Clofazimine Tuberculosis drug 2030-63-9
CP-91149 Selective inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase 186392-40-5
PACOCF3 CPLA2 and iPLA2 inhibitor 141022-99-3
Varespladib (LY315920) HnsPLA inhibitor,potent and selective 172732-68-2
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with PLA2G4A: view

Drug products for research

Transcripts for PLA2G4A Gene

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  3. Inhibitory RNAs for research
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mRNA/cDNA for PLA2G4A Gene

2 REFSEQ mRNAs :
7 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PLA2G4A

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PLA2G4A Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for PLA2G4A Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
PLA2G4A

Expression for PLA2G4A Gene

Products:

  1. Primer products for research
  2. Gene Expression Assays for research

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for PLA2G4A Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for PLA2G4A Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for PLA2G4A GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for PLA2G4A Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PLA2G4A Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Bladder (x4.0).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for PLA2G4A Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (16.3) and Uterus (8.7).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for PLA2G4A Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for PLA2G4A Gene

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PLA2G4A

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PLA2G4A Gene:

Hs.497200

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PLA2G4A Gene:

P47712-PA24A_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Expressed in various cells and tissues such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and lung endothelium. Expressed in platelets (at protein level) (PubMed:25102815).

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PLA2G4A Gene

  • Blood(4.6)
  • Nervous system(2.5)
  • Heart(2.3)
  • Lung(2.3)
  • Intestine(2.2)
  • Kidney(2.2)
  • Skin(2.2)
  • Muscle(2.1)

Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PLA2G4A Gene

Germ Layers:
  • endoderm
  • mesoderm
Systems:
  • cardiovascular
  • digestive
Regions:
Abdomen:
  • intestine
  • large intestine
  • small intestine
General:
  • blood
  • blood vessel
  • red blood cell
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with PLA2G4A: view

Primer products for research

Orthologs for PLA2G4A Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PLA2G4A Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia PLA2G4A 29 30
  • 99.69 (n)
 OneToOne
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia PLA2G4A 29 30
  • 91.32 (n)
 OneToOne
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia PLA2G4A 30
  • 91 (a)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia PLA2G4A 29 30
  • 90.61 (n)
 OneToOne
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia PLA2G4A 30
  • 90 (a)
 OneToOne
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Pla2g4a 29
  • 89.1 (n)
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Pla2g4a 29 16 30
  • 88.16 (n)
 OneToOne
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves PLA2G4A 29 30
  • 77.09 (n)
 OneToOne
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia PLA2G4A 30
  • 81 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia pla2g4a 29
  • 74.5 (n)
Str.20412 29
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia pla2g4a-prov 29
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii pla2g4a 30
  • 70 (a)
 OneToMany
cpla2 29 30
  • 67.99 (n)
 OneToMany
Rainbow Trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 Actinopterygii Omy.2704 29
Sea Squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea CSA.6135 30
  • 47 (a)
 OneToOne
Sea Vase
(Ciona intestinalis)
 Ascidiacea Cin.2601 29
Species where no ortholog for PLA2G4A was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for PLA2G4A Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for PLA2G4A (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for PLA2G4A (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PLA2G4A: view image
Alliance of Genome Resources:
Additional Orthologs for PLA2G4A

Paralogs for PLA2G4A Gene

Paralogs for PLA2G4A Gene

(3) SIMAP similar genes for PLA2G4A Gene using alignment to 4 proteins:

  • PA24A_HUMAN
  • E7EU42_HUMAN
  • Q14064_HUMAN
  • W0FXB0_HUMAN
genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with PLA2G4A: view

Variants for PLA2G4A Gene

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Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PLA2G4A Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 01 pos Variation AA Info Type
775058 Benign: not provided 186,977,780(+) G/.
NM_024420.2(PLA2G4A):c.1952A>G (p.Lys651Arg) 		MISSENSE_VARIANT,NO_SEQUENCE_ALTERATION
rs1203944645 Likely Benign: not provided 186,870,526(+) C/G
NM_024420.2(PLA2G4A):c.115+10C>G 		INTRON
rs121434634 Pathogenic: Cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder. Gastrointestinal ulceration, recurrent, with dysfunctional platelets (GURDP) [MIM:618372] 186,894,164(+) T/Cp.Ser111Pro
NM_024420.2(PLA2G4A):c.331T>C (p.Ser111Pro) 		MISSENSE
rs121434635 Pathogenic: Cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder. Gastrointestinal ulceration, recurrent, with dysfunctional platelets (GURDP) [MIM:618372] 186,956,219(+) G/Ap.Arg485His
NM_024420.2(PLA2G4A):c.1454G>A (p.Arg485His) 		MISSENSE
rs12720588 Benign: not provided 186,932,874(+) G/Ap.Val224Ile
NM_024420.2(PLA2G4A):c.670G>A (p.Val224Ile) 		MISSENSE

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for PLA2G4A Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PLA2G4A Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
esv1010484 CNV insertion 20482838
esv1093925 CNV insertion 17803354
esv2720350 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2762854 CNV gain 21179565
esv3339194 CNV insertion 20981092
esv3543755 CNV deletion 23714750
nsv1079016 OTHER inversion 25765185
nsv3877 CNV insertion 18451855
nsv466272 CNV loss 19166990
nsv548406 CNV loss 21841781
nsv548407 CNV loss 21841781

Variation tolerance for PLA2G4A Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 51.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 1.90; 35.39% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for PLA2G4A Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
PLA2G4A
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
PLA2G4A
Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD)
PLA2G4A

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PLA2G4A Gene

Disorders for PLA2G4A Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(12) MalaCards diseases for PLA2G4A Gene - From: OMI, CVR, GTR, ORP, SWI, COP, and GCD

- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PA24A_HUMAN
  • Gastrointestinal ulceration, recurrent, with dysfunctional platelets (GURDP) [MIM:618372]: An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal mucosal ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic anemia, iron deficiency, and abdominal pain. Disease features also include platelet dysfunction, and globally decreased eicosanoid synthesis. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:18451993, ECO:0000269 PubMed:23268370, ECO:0000269 PubMed:25102815}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Additional Disease Information for PLA2G4A

Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with PLA2G4A: view

No data available for Genatlas for PLA2G4A Gene

Publications for PLA2G4A Gene

  1. Bleeding diathesis and gastro-duodenal ulcers in inherited cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency. (PMID: 25102815) Faioni EM … Cattaneo M (Thrombosis and haemostasis 2014) 3 4 72
  2. Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerating stenosing enteritis associated with homozygous deletion mutations in cytosolic phospholipase A2-α. (PMID: 23268370) Brooke MA … MacDonald TT (Gut 2014) 3 4 72
  3. Genome-wide association scan identifies a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 variant involved in risk of knee osteoarthritis. (PMID: 18471798) Valdes AM … Spector TD (American journal of human genetics 2008) 3 22 40
  4. Inherited human cPLA(2alpha) deficiency is associated with impaired eicosanoid biosynthesis, small intestinal ulceration, and platelet dysfunction. (PMID: 18451993) Adler DH … Oates JA (The Journal of clinical investigation 2008) 3 4 72
  5. Ceramide-1-phosphate binds group IVA cytosolic phospholipase a2 via a novel site in the C2 domain. (PMID: 17472963) Stahelin RV … Chalfant CE (The Journal of biological chemistry 2007) 3 4 22

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for PLA2G4A gene in Mastermind

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