PKM Gene (Protein Coding)

Pyruvate Kinase M1/2

GC15M072199
GIFtS:
46
This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa pr... See more...

Aliases for PKM Gene

Aliases for PKM Gene

  • Pyruvate Kinase M1/2 2 3 5
  • THBP1 2 3 4
  • OIP3 2 3 4
  • PK3 2 3 4
  • Cytosolic Thyroid Hormone-Binding Protein 3 4
  • Thyroid Hormone-Binding Protein 1 3 4
  • Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isozyme 3 4
  • Pyruvate Kinase, Muscle 2 3
  • Pyruvate Kinase PKM 3 4
  • Pyruvate Kinase 2/3 3 4
  • Tumor M2-PK 3 4
  • EC 2.7.1.40 4 51
  • CTHBP 3 4
  • PKM2 3 4
  • P58 3 4
  • Thyroid Hormone-Binding Protein, Cytosolic 3
  • Epididymis Secretory Protein Li 30 3
  • Pyruvate Kinase Isozymes M1/M2 3
  • OPA-Interacting Protein 3 3
  • Opa-Interacting Protein 3 4
  • PK, Muscle Type 3
  • HEL-S-30 3
  • OIP-3 4
  • TCB 3
  • PKM 5
  • PK2 4

External Ids for PKM Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for PKM Gene

  • PKM2

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PKM Gene

  • GC15M072492

Summaries for PKM Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for PKM Gene

  • This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa protein, a bacterial outer membrane protein involved in gonococcal adherence to and invasion of human cells, suggesting a role of this protein in bacterial pathogenesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding a few distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

GeneCards Summary for PKM Gene

PKM (Pyruvate Kinase M1/2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PKM include Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Of Red Cells and Anterior Dislocation Of Lens. Among its related pathways are Central carbon metabolism in cancer and Innate Immune System. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include MHC class II protein complex binding. An important paralog of this gene is PKLR.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PKM Gene

  • Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:1854723). The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:1854723). The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:1854723). In addition to its role in glycolysis, also regulates transcription (PubMed:18191611, PubMed:21620138). Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation (PubMed:18191611). Promotes in a STAT1-dependent manner, the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in ARNTL/BMAL1-deficient macrophages (By similarity). Also acts as a translation regulator for a subset of mRNAs, independently of its pyruvate kinase activity: associates with subpools of endoplasmic reticulum-associated ribosomes, binds directly to the mRNAs translated at the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes translation of these endoplasmic reticulum-destined mRNAs (By similarity). Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells (PubMed:17308100).

Gene Wiki entry for PKM Gene

Additional gene information for PKM Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PKM Gene

Genomics for PKM Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for PKM Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around PKM on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PKM

Genomic Locations for PKM Gene

Latest Assembly
chr15:72,199,029-72,231,822
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
32,794 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Previous Assembly
chr15:72,491,370-72,523,531
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
32,162 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

chr15:72,491,370-72,524,164
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
32,795 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for PKM Gene

Genes around PKM on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
PKM Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for PKM Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for PKM Gene

Proteins for PKM Gene

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  • Protein details for PKM Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P14618-KPYM_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Pyruvate kinase PKM
    Protein Accession:
    P14618
    Secondary Accessions:
    • A6NFK3
    • B2R5N8
    • B3KRY0
    • B4DFX8
    • B4DUU6
    • P14786
    • Q53GK4
    • Q96E76
    • Q9BWB5
    • Q9UCV6
    • Q9UPF2

    Protein attributes for PKM Gene

    Size:
    531 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    57937 Da
    Cofactor:
    Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
    Cofactor:
    Name=K(+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29103;
    Quaternary structure:
    • Monomer and homotetramer. Exists as a monomer in the absence of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), and reversibly associates to form a homotetramer in the presence of FBP. The monomeric form binds T3. Tetramer formation induces pyruvate kinase activity. The tetrameric form has high affinity for the substrate and is associated within the glycolytic enzyme complex. Exists in a nearly inactive dimeric form in tumor cells and the dimeric form has less affinity for the substrate. Binding to certain oncoproteins such as HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein can trigger dimerization. FBP stimulates the formation of tetramers from dimers. Interacts with HERC1, POU5F1 and PML. Interacts (isoform M2) with EGLN3; the interaction hydroxylates PKM under hypoxia and enhances binding to HIF1A. Interacts (isoform M2) with HIF1A; the interaction is enhanced by binding of EGLN3, promoting enhanced transcription activity under hypoxia. Interacts (isoform M2, but not isoform M1) with TRIM35; this interaction prevents FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation (PubMed:25263439). Interacts with JMJD8 (PubMed:27199445).
    SequenceCaution:
    • Sequence=BAG57589.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
    Miscellaneous:
    • There are 4 isozymes of pyruvate kinase in mammals (L, R, M1, M2) encoded by 2 different genes: PKLR and PKM. The L and R isozymes are generated from the PKLR by differential splicing of RNA; the M1 and M2 forms are produced from the PKM gene by differential splicing. L type is major isozyme in the liver, R is found in red cells, M1 is the main form in muscle, heart and brain, and M2 is found in early fetal tissues as well as in most cancer cells.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PKM Gene

    Alternative splice isoforms for PKM Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for PKM Gene

Protein Expression for PKM Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for PKM Gene

P14618:
  • VDMVFASFIR
  • GKARGFFK
  • AAMADTFLEH
  • EIPAEKV
  • LEHMCRL
  • ICATQMLESM
  • QTARQAHLYRG
  • GPASRSV
  • GAVEASFKC
  • IAREAEAA
  • KGVNLPG
  • RYRPRAPIIAVTRN
  • VANAVLDG
  • IKIISKIE
  • DDGLISL
  • SDGIMVARGD
  • VDLPAVS
  • MVARGDLG
  • NFSHGTH
  • LWLDYKNICKVVEVGSK
  • ATESFASDPI
  • EVENGGSLGS
  • ATQMLESMI
  • NAVLDGAD
  • PRPTRAE
  • LDTKGPEIR
  • TEVENGG
  • GSKKGVN
  • RLNFSHG
  • MLSGETA
  • TGWRPGSG

Post-translational modifications for PKM Gene

  • ISGylated.
  • Under hypoxia, hydroxylated by EGLN3.
  • Acetylation at Lys-305 is stimulated by high glucose concentration, it decreases enzyme activity and promotes its lysosomal-dependent degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy.
  • FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation is reduced by interaction with TRIM35.
  • Ubiquitination at Lys3, Lys62, Lys66, Lys89, Lys115, Lys125, Lys151, Lys166, Lys188, Lys207, Lys266, Lys270, Lys322, Lys367, Lys475, and Lys498
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for PKM Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibodies for research

Domains & Families for PKM Gene

Gene Families for PKM Gene

Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Cancer-related genes
  • Enzymes
  • Plasma proteins
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for PKM Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • Pyruvate kinase
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PKM Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Pyruvate kinase (B4DUU6_HUMAN)
  • Pyruvate kinase (E7EUJ4_HUMAN)
  • Pyruvate kinase (E7EUQ8_HUMAN)
  • Pyruvate kinase (E9PF79_HUMAN)
  • p58 (KPYM_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P14618

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

KPYM_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with PKM: view

Function for PKM Gene

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Molecular function for PKM Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:1854723). The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:1854723). The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:1854723). In addition to its role in glycolysis, also regulates transcription (PubMed:18191611, PubMed:21620138). Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation (PubMed:18191611). Promotes in a STAT1-dependent manner, the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in ARNTL/BMAL1-deficient macrophages (By similarity). Also acts as a translation regulator for a subset of mRNAs, independently of its pyruvate kinase activity: associates with subpools of endoplasmic reticulum-associated ribosomes, binds directly to the mRNAs translated at the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes translation of these endoplasmic reticulum-destined mRNAs (By similarity). Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells (PubMed:17308100).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
Reaction=ATP + pyruvate = ADP + H(+) + phosphoenolpyruvate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18157, ChEBI:CHEBI:15361, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:58702, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.1.40; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723};.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
Kinetic parameters: KM=2.7 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.17 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (in the presence of 2 mM D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.34 mM for ADP (at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.24 mM for ADP (in the presence of 2 mM FBP, at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.13 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (in the presence of 2 mM FBP, at 25 degrees Celsius) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.63 mM for ADP (in the presence of 2 mM FBP, at 25 degrees Celsius) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; pH dependence: Optimum pH for T3 binding is 6.0-6.5. Increase in pH causes T3 binding to drop, does not bind T3 above pH 9.0 or below pH 5.0. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723};
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
Isoform M2 is allosterically activated by D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). Inhibited by oxalate and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). The activity of the tetrameric form is inhibited by PML. Selective binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides releases the allosteric activator FBP, leading to inhibition of PKM enzymatic activity, this diverts glucose metabolites from energy production to anabolic processes when cells are stimulated by certain growth factors. Glycolytic flux are highly dependent on de novo biosynthesis of serine and glycine, and serine is a natural ligand and allosteric activator of isoform M2.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PKM Gene

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PKM Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for PKM Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA --
GO:0000287 magnesium ion binding IEA --
GO:0003723 RNA binding HDA 22658674
GO:0003729 mRNA binding ISS --
GO:0003824 catalytic activity IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PKM: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with PKM: view

Animal Models for research

miRNA for PKM Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target PKM

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PKM

Clone products for research

  • Addgene plasmids for PKM

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PKM Gene

Localization for PKM Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKM Gene

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Translocates to the nucleus in response to different apoptotic stimuli. Nuclear translocation is sufficient to induce cell death that is caspase independent, isoform-specific and independent of its enzymatic activity. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:17308100}.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for PKM gene
Compartment Confidence
mitochondrion 5
nucleus 5
cytosol 5
plasma membrane 4
extracellular 4
endoplasmic reticulum 4
cytoskeleton 2
peroxisome 2
endosome 2
lysosome 2
golgi apparatus 1

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Cytosol (4)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for PKM Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region TAS --
GO:0005634 nucleus IEA,IDA 17308100
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IBA,IDA 18298799
GO:0005739 mitochondrion HDA 20833797
GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum ISS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PKM: view

Pathways & Interactions for PKM Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with PKM: view

Pathways by source for PKM Gene

1 PharmGKB pathway for PKM Gene
2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for PKM Gene
  • Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
  • G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-s signaling cascades
1 R&D Systems pathway for PKM Gene
2 Cell Signaling Technology pathways for PKM Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P14618-KPYM_HUMAN

  • Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 5/5.

SIGNOR curated interactions for PKM Gene

Activates:
Is activated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for PKM Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001666 response to hypoxia IEA --
GO:0001889 liver development IEA --
GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process IEA --
GO:0006096 glycolytic process IEA,IBA 21873635
GO:0006417 regulation of translation IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with PKM: view

Drugs & Compounds for PKM Gene

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(35) Drugs for PKM Gene - From: DrugBank, ApexBio, DGIdb, HMDB, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Pyruvic acid Approved, Investigational Nutra Target 0
Acyclovir Approved Pharma Enzyme, substrate 124
Copper Approved, Investigational Pharma Target 271
Carbon dioxide Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Pharma 0
Magnesium Approved, Experimental, Investigational Pharma 0

(11) Additional Compounds for PKM Gene - From: Novoseek and HMDB

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
ADP
  • 5'-Adenylphosphoric acid
  • Adenosine 5'-diphosphate
  • ADENOSINE-5'-diphosphATE
  • H3ADP
  • 5'-Adenylphosphate
 58-64-0
dADP
  • 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate
  • Deoxyadenosine diphosphate
 2793-06-8
dGDP
  • 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate
  • Deoxyguanosine diphosphate
  • 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphoric acid
  • Deoxyguanosine diphosphoric acid
  • 2'-Deoxy-GDP
 3493-09-2
IDP
  • 5'-IDP
  • Inosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
  • Inosine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate)
  • Inosine 5'-diphosphate
  • Inosine 5'-pyrophosphate
 86-04-4
inosine triphosphate
  • 2'-Inosine-5'-triphosphate
  • Inosine 5'-triphosphate
  • Inosine tripolyphosphate
  • O(5')-(Tetrahydroxytriphosphoryl)inosine
  • 2'-Inosine-5'-triphosphoric acid
 132-06-9

(1) ApexBio Compounds for PKM Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
DASA-58 activator of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) 1203494-49-8
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with PKM: view

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Transcripts for PKM Gene

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mRNA/cDNA for PKM Gene

8 REFSEQ mRNAs :
32 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
24 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PKM

Clone products for research

  • Addgene plasmids for PKM

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PKM Gene

ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b · 3c ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7a · 7b · 7c · 7d ^ 8a · 8b · 8c · 8d ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b · 11c ^ 12a · 12b ^
SP1: - - - - - - -
SP2: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SP3: - - - - - - -
SP4: - - -
SP5: - - - - -
SP6: - -
SP7: -
SP8: - - - - - - - - - - - -
SP9: -
SP10:
SP11:
SP12: - - -
SP13:

ExUns: 13a · 13b ^ 14a · 14b · 14c · 14d ^ 15
SP1: - -
SP2: - - -
SP3: - -
SP4:
SP5: - - -
SP6:
SP7:
SP8:
SP9:
SP10:
SP11:
SP12:
SP13:

Relevant External Links for PKM Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
PKM

Expression for PKM Gene

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  1. Primer products for research
  2. Gene Expression Assays for research

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for PKM Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for PKM Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for PKM GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for PKM Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for PKM Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Bone marrow stromal cell (9.5).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for PKM Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for PKM Gene

- Elite partner

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PKM

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PKM Gene:

Hs.534770

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PKM Gene:

P14618-KPYM_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as cancer cells.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PKM Gene

  • Nervous system(5)
  • Kidney(5)
  • Skin(5)
  • Eye(5)
  • Liver(5)
  • Blood(4.9)
  • Lung(4.9)
  • Intestine(4.9)
  • Pancreas(4.9)
  • Heart(4.8)
  • Muscle(4.7)
  • Stomach(4.4)
  • Bone(4.3)
  • Spleen(4.3)
  • Thyroid gland(4.1)
  • Lymph node(3.2)
  • Bone marrow(3.2)
  • Adrenal gland(2.8)
  • Gall bladder(2.6)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with PKM: view

Primer products for research

No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PKM Gene

Orthologs for PKM Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for PKM Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia PKM 30 31
  • 99.67 (n)
 OneToOne
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia PKM 31
  • 95 (a)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia PKM2 31
  • 94 (a)
 OneToOne
PKM 30
  • 88.83 (n)
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia -- 31
  • 91 (a)
 OneToMany
PKM 30
  • 89.57 (n)
-- 31
  • 83 (a)
 OneToMany
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Pkm 30
  • 90.02 (n)
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Pkm 30 17 31
  • 87.19 (n)
 OneToOne
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia -- 31
  • 72 (a)
 OneToMany
-- 31
  • 65 (a)
 OneToMany
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves PKM 31
  • 87 (a)
 OneToOne
PKM2 30
  • 80.19 (n)
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia PKM 31
  • 87 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia pkm 30
  • 77.69 (n)
Str.373 30
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii pkma 30 31
  • 75.37 (n)
 OneToMany
pkmb 31
  • 66 (a)
 OneToMany
pkm2 30
Rainbow Trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 Actinopterygii Omy.7227 30
Fruit Fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta PyK 30 31
  • 65.3 (n)
 ManyToMany
CG2964 31
  • 40 (a)
 ManyToMany
CG7069 31
  • 29 (a)
 ManyToMany
CG7362 31
  • 22 (a)
 ManyToMany
African malaria mosquito
(Anopheles gambiae)
 Insecta AgaP_AGAP004596 30
  • 61.02 (n)
Worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea pyk-1 30 31
  • 57.53 (n)
 ManyToMany
pyk-2 31
  • 57 (a)
 ManyToMany
Baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 Saccharomycetes CDC19 30 31 33
  • 55.42 (n)
 ManyToMany
PYK2 31
  • 46 (a)
 ManyToMany
K. Lactis Yeast
(Kluyveromyces lactis)
 Saccharomycetes KLLA0F23397g 30
  • 54.82 (n)
A. gosspyii yeast
(Eremothecium gossypii)
 Saccharomycetes AGOS_ADR368W 30
  • 54.3 (n)
Thale Cress
(Arabidopsis thaliana)
 eudicotyledons AT5G63680 30
  • 53.35 (n)
Alicante grape
(Vitis vinifera)
 eudicotyledons Vvi.1458 30
Rice
(Oryza sativa)
 Liliopsida Os04g0677500 30
  • 54.59 (n)
Sea Squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 31
  • 68 (a)
 OneToMany
Fission Yeast
(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
 Schizosaccharomycetes pyk1 30
  • 58.85 (n)
Bread mold
(Neurospora crassa)
 Ascomycetes NCU06075 30
  • 57.53 (n)
Sea Vase
(Ciona intestinalis)
 Ascidiacea Cin.4710 30
Species where no ortholog for PKM was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for PKM Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for PKM (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for PKM (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PKM: view image

Paralogs for PKM Gene

Paralogs for PKM Gene

(2) SIMAP similar genes for PKM Gene using alignment to 9 proteins:

  • KPYM_HUMAN
  • H3BN34_HUMAN
  • H3BQ34_HUMAN
  • H3BQZ3_HUMAN
  • H3BT25_HUMAN
  • H3BTJ2_HUMAN
  • H3BTN5_HUMAN
  • H3BU13_HUMAN
  • H3BUW1_HUMAN

Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PKM Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with PKM: view

Variants for PKM Gene

Products:

  1. SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PKM Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 15 pos Variation AA Info Type
rs10514 Benign: not specified 72,209,800(-) G/A
NM_002654.6(PKM):c.438C>T (p.Asn146=) 		SYNONYMOUS
rs11558368 Likely Benign: not specified 72,202,513(-) G/A
NM_002654.6(PKM):c.1248C>T (p.Ala416=) 		SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,INTRON
rs11558376 Benign: not provided 72,208,731(-) C/T
NM_002654.6(PKM):c.726G>A (p.Ala242=) 		SYNONYMOUS
rs61730842 Benign: not provided 72,208,850(-) A/G
NM_002654.6(PKM):c.607T>C (p.Leu203=) 		SYNONYMOUS
rs61731567 Likely Benign: not provided 72,209,857(-) G/A
NM_002654.6(PKM):c.381C>T (p.Ser127=) 		SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,INTRON

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for PKM Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PKM Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv479183 CNV novel sequence insertion 20440878
nsv833051 CNV gain 17160897

Variation tolerance for PKM Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 18.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 0.84; 17.66% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for PKM Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
PKM
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
PKM

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKM Gene

Disorders for PKM Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(20) MalaCards diseases for PKM Gene - From: COP and GCD

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
pyruvate kinase deficiency of red cells
  • pyruvate kinase deficiency of erythrocyte
anterior dislocation of lens
pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 10
  • pch10
kernicterus
  • bilirubin encephalopathy
polyploidy
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search PKM in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Additional Disease Information for PKM

Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with PKM: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PKM Gene

Publications for PKM Gene

  1. Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) interacts and cooperates with Oct-4 in regulating transcription. (PMID: 18191611) Lee J … Kim J (The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2008) 3 4 23
  2. Modulation of M2-type pyruvate kinase activity by the cytoplasmic PML tumor suppressor protein. (PMID: 18298799) Shimada N … Ishii S (Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 2008) 3 4 23
  3. Pyruvate kinase M2 is a phosphotyrosine-binding protein. (PMID: 18337815) Christofk HR … Cantley LC (Nature 2008) 3 4 23
  4. Nuclear translocation of the tumor marker pyruvate kinase M2 induces programmed cell death. (PMID: 17308100) Steták A … Ullrich A (Cancer research 2007) 3 4 26
  5. Structural basis for tumor pyruvate kinase M2 allosteric regulation and catalysis. (PMID: 15996096) Dombrauckas JD … Mesecar AD (Biochemistry 2005) 3 4 23

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for PKM gene in Mastermind

Products for PKM Gene