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This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa pr... See more...
Aliases for PKM Gene
Aliases for PKM Gene
External Ids for PKM Gene
- HGNC: 9021
- Entrez Gene: 5315
- Ensembl: ENSG00000067225
- OMIM: 179050
- UniProtKB: P14618
Previous HGNC Symbols for PKM Gene
- PKM2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PKM Gene
- GC15M072492
Summaries for PKM Gene
-
This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa protein, a bacterial outer membrane protein involved in gonococcal adherence to and invasion of human cells, suggesting a role of this protein in bacterial pathogenesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding a few distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]
GeneCards Summary for PKM Gene
PKM (Pyruvate Kinase M1/2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PKM include Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Of Red Cells and Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Type 10. Among its related pathways are Glucose metabolism and Photodynamic therapy-induced HIF-1 survival signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include MHC class II protein complex binding. An important paralog of this gene is PKLR.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PKM Gene
-
Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival (PubMed:17308100, PubMed:18191611, PubMed:21620138). Promotes in a STAT1-dependent manner, the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in ARNTL/BMAL1-deficient macrophages (By similarity).
Additional gene information for PKM Gene
- HGNC(9021)
- Entrez Gene(5315)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000067225)
- OMIM(179050)
- UniProtKB(P14618)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000067225)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for PKM at DataMed
- Search for PKM at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PKM Gene
Genomics for PKM Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PKM Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PKM on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PKM
Genomic Locations for PKM Gene
Genomic Locations for PKM Gene
- chr15:72,199,029-72,231,822
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 32,794 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr15:72,491,370-72,524,164
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 32,795 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PKM Gene
Genes around PKM on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 15q23 by HGNC
- 15q23 by Entrez Gene
- 15q23 by Ensembl
PKM Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PKM Gene
Proteins for PKM Gene
-
Protein details for PKM Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P14618-KPYM_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Pyruvate kinase PKM
- Protein Accession:
- P14618
- A6NFK3
- B2R5N8
- B3KRY0
- B4DFX8
- B4DUU6
- P14786
- Q53GK4
- Q96E76
- Q9BWB5
- Q9UCV6
- Q9UPF2
Protein attributes for PKM Gene
- Size:
- 531 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 57937 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
- Cofactor:
- Name=K(+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29103;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer and homotetramer. Exists as a monomer in the absence of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), and reversibly associates to form a homotetramer in the presence of FBP. The monomeric form binds T3. Tetramer formation induces pyruvate kinase activity. The tetrameric form has high affinity for the substrate and is associated within the glycolytic enzyme complex. Exists in a nearly inactive dimeric form in tumor cells and the dimeric form has less affinity for the substrate. Binding to certain oncoproteins such as HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein can trigger dimerization. FBP stimulates the formation of tetramers from dimers. Interacts with HERC1, POU5F1 and PML. Interacts (isoform M2) with EGLN3; the interaction hydroxylates PKM under hypoxia and enhances binding to HIF1A. Interacts (isoform M2) with HIF1A; the interaction is enhanced by binding of EGLN3, promoting enhanced transcription activity under hypoxia. Interacts (isoform M2, but not isoform M1) with TRIM35; this interaction prevents FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation (PubMed:25263439). Interacts with JMJD8 (PubMed:27199445).
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=BAG57589.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
- Miscellaneous:
-
- There are 4 isozymes of pyruvate kinase in mammals (L, R, M1, M2) encoded by 2 different genes: PKLR and PKM. The L and R isozymes are generated from the PKLR by differential splicing of RNA; the M1 and M2 forms are produced from the PKM gene by differential splicing. L type is major isozyme in the liver, R is found in red cells, M1 is the main form in muscle, heart and brain, and M2 is found in early fetal tissues as well as in most cancer cells.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PKM Gene
Alternative splice isoforms for PKM Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
Protein Expression for PKM Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for PKM Gene
- P14618:
-
- VDMVFASFIR
- GKARGFFK
- AAMADTFLEH
- EIPAEKV
- LEHMCRL
- ICATQMLESM
- QTARQAHLYRG
- GPASRSV
- GAVEASFKC
- IAREAEAA
- KGVNLPG
- RYRPRAPIIAVTRN
- VANAVLDG
- IKIISKIE
- DDGLISL
- SDGIMVARGD
- VDLPAVS
- MVARGDLG
- NFSHGTH
- LWLDYKNICKVVEVGSK
- ATESFASDPI
- EVENGGSLGS
- ATQMLESMI
- NAVLDGAD
- PRPTRAE
- LDTKGPEIR
- TEVENGG
- GSKKGVN
- RLNFSHG
- MLSGETA
- TGWRPGSG
Post-translational modifications for PKM Gene
- ISGylated.
- Under hypoxia, hydroxylated by EGLN3.
- Acetylation at Lys-305 is stimulated by high glucose concentration, it decreases enzyme activity and promotes its lysosomal-dependent degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy.
- FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation is reduced by interaction with TRIM35.
-
Ubiquitination at Lys3, Lys62, Lys66, Lys89, Lys115, Lys125, Lys151, Lys166, Lys188, Lys207, Lys266, Lys270, Lys322, Lys367, Lys475, and Lys498
- NX_P14618 (NX_P14618-1)
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
Other Protein References for PKM Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- NSJ Bioreagents Pyruvate Kinase Antibody / PKM2 (Mouse Monoclonal)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PKM
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PKM
-
Abcam antibodies for PKM
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PKM (AFLGC-PKM)
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PKM
Protein Products
- G Biosciences Human Pyruvate kinase PKM/PKM2, Liquid
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PKM
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PKM
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PKM
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for PKM
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PKM
- antibodies-online: Search results for available PKM related products ranked by validation data
-
ProSci Proteins for PKM
-
Abcam proteins for PKM
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for available PKM related products ranked by validation data
Domains & Families for PKM Gene
Gene Families for PKM Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Enzymes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for PKM Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Pyruvate kinase
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PKM Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Pyruvate kinase (B4DUU6_HUMAN)
- Pyruvate kinase (E7EUJ4_HUMAN)
- Pyruvate kinase (E7EUQ8_HUMAN)
- Pyruvate kinase (E9PF79_HUMAN)
- p58 (KPYM_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P14618- Family:
-
- Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.
Function for PKM Gene
Molecular function for PKM Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival (PubMed:17308100, PubMed:18191611, PubMed:21620138). Promotes in a STAT1-dependent manner, the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in ARNTL/BMAL1-deficient macrophages (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=ATP + pyruvate = ADP + H(+) + phosphoenolpyruvate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18157, ChEBI:CHEBI:15361, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:58702, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.1.40; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
- Kinetic parameters: KM=2.7 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.17 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (in the presence of 2 mM D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.34 mM for ADP (at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.24 mM for ADP (in the presence of 2 mM FBP, at 32 degrees Celsius, pH 8.0) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.13 mM for phosphoenolpyruvate (in the presence of 2 mM FBP, at 25 degrees Celsius) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; KM=0.63 mM for ADP (in the presence of 2 mM FBP, at 25 degrees Celsius) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723}; pH dependence: Optimum pH for T3 binding is 6.0-6.5. Increase in pH causes T3 binding to drop, does not bind T3 above pH 9.0 or below pH 5.0. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15996096, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1854723};
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Isoform M2 is allosterically activated by D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). Inhibited by oxalate and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). The activity of the tetrameric form is inhibited by PML. Selective binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides releases the allosteric activator FBP, leading to inhibition of PKM enzymatic activity, this diverts glucose metabolites from energy production to anabolic processes when cells are stimulated by certain growth factors. Glycolytic flux are highly dependent on de novo biosynthesis of serine and glycine, and serine is a natural ligand and allosteric activator of isoform M2.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PKM Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PKM Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0000287 | magnesium ion binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | HDA | 22658674 |
| GO:0003824 | catalytic activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0004743 | pyruvate kinase activity | IEA,TAS | 2040271 |
Phenotypes for PKM Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PKM:
- inferred from 4 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PKM:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- no effect
- Decreased viability
- Increased cell death HMECs cells
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
- shRNA abundance <= 25%
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Reduced mammosphere formation
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Increased viability
- Increased HPV18 LCR reporter activity
- Synthetic lethal with vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Increased cell death in HCC-1954 cells
- Decreased BPV1 E2 protein expression
- Increased cell death in HCT116 cells
- Decreased viability after gemcitabine stimulation
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PKM - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PKM CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PKM
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PKM
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PKM
miRNA for PKM Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PKM
-
- hsa-miR-133b (MIRT001815)
- hsa-miR-133a-3p (MIRT001816)
- hsa-miR-326 (MIRT005520)
- hsa-miR-122-5p (MIRT023396)
- hsa-miR-30a-5p (MIRT028653)
- hsa-miR-1301-3p (MIRT036045)
- hsa-miR-935 (MIRT036697)
- hsa-miR-877-3p (MIRT036965)
- hsa-miR-423-5p (MIRT038155)
- hsa-miR-296-3p (MIRT038436)
- hsa-miR-766-3p (MIRT039032)
- hsa-miR-769-5p (MIRT039183)
- hsa-miR-18a-3p (MIRT040961)
- hsa-miR-484 (MIRT041665)
- hsa-miR-423-3p (MIRT042646)
- hsa-miR-324-3p (MIRT042876)
- hsa-miR-328-3p (MIRT043754)
- hsa-miR-330-3p (MIRT043843)
- hsa-miR-320a (MIRT044585)
- hsa-miR-125b-5p (MIRT046067)
- hsa-miR-222-3p (MIRT046680)
- hsa-miR-221-3p (MIRT046929)
- hsa-miR-30c-5p (MIRT047865)
- hsa-miR-92a-3p (MIRT049024)
- hsa-miR-23a-3p (MIRT050390)
- hsa-miR-1260b (MIRT052783)
- hsa-miR-3187-3p (MIRT052808)
- mmu-miR-122-5p (MIRT054338)
- hsa-miR-218-5p (MIRT439960)
- hsa-miR-6730-5p (MIRT470931)
- hsa-miR-4665-5p (MIRT470932)
- hsa-miR-1275 (MIRT470933)
- hsa-miR-6515-5p (MIRT470934)
- hsa-miR-4727-3p (MIRT470935)
- hsa-miR-4472 (MIRT470936)
- hsa-miR-4447 (MIRT470937)
- hsa-miR-7847-3p (MIRT470938)
- hsa-miR-6880-5p (MIRT470939)
- hsa-miR-6745 (MIRT470940)
- hsa-miR-363-5p (MIRT470941)
- hsa-miR-5010-5p (MIRT470942)
- hsa-miR-4525 (MIRT470943)
- hsa-miR-7111-5p (MIRT470944)
- hsa-miR-6870-5p (MIRT470945)
- hsa-miR-5698 (MIRT470946)
- hsa-miR-4723-5p (MIRT470947)
- hsa-miR-625-5p (MIRT470948)
- hsa-miR-4668-5p (MIRT470949)
- hsa-miR-6822-3p (MIRT470950)
- hsa-miR-504-3p (MIRT470951)
- hsa-miR-6851-5p (MIRT470952)
- hsa-miR-3689d (MIRT470953)
- hsa-miR-6797-5p (MIRT470954)
- hsa-miR-1249-5p (MIRT470955)
- hsa-miR-3202 (MIRT470956)
- hsa-miR-4533 (MIRT470957)
- hsa-miR-3116 (MIRT470958)
- hsa-miR-1254 (MIRT470959)
- hsa-miR-3659 (MIRT470960)
- hsa-miR-6804-5p (MIRT470961)
- hsa-miR-17-3p (MIRT470962)
- hsa-miR-4254 (MIRT470963)
- hsa-miR-3129-5p (MIRT470964)
- hsa-miR-199b-3p (MIRT470965)
- hsa-miR-199a-3p (MIRT470966)
- hsa-miR-4650-5p (MIRT470967)
- hsa-miR-1296-3p (MIRT470968)
- hsa-miR-4694-3p (MIRT470969)
- hsa-miR-338-3p (MIRT732802)
- hsa-let-7a-5p (MIRT732965)
- hsa-miR-369-3p (MIRT733295)
- hsa-miR-184 (MIRT735440)
- hsa-miR-1205 (MIRT735987)
- hsa-miR-1238-5p (MIRT736335)
- hsa-miR-1285-3p (MIRT737032)
- hsa-miR-1286 (MIRT737060)
- hsa-miR-1302 (MIRT737267)
- hsa-miR-153-5p (MIRT737886)
- hsa-miR-1587 (MIRT737920)
- hsa-miR-185-3p (MIRT738214)
- hsa-miR-185-5p (MIRT738254)
- hsa-miR-19a-3p (MIRT738748)
- hsa-miR-19b-3p (MIRT738759)
- hsa-miR-3135b (MIRT740134)
- hsa-miR-3144-5p (MIRT740222)
- hsa-miR-3176 (MIRT740699)
- hsa-miR-3179 (MIRT740743)
- hsa-miR-3187-5p (MIRT740927)
- hsa-miR-3191-3p (MIRT740989)
- hsa-miR-330-5p (MIRT741333)
- hsa-miR-3620-5p (MIRT741748)
- hsa-miR-3652 (MIRT741898)
- hsa-miR-378g (MIRT742768)
- hsa-miR-3909 (MIRT742830)
- hsa-miR-3922-3p (MIRT742975)
- hsa-miR-3945 (MIRT743183)
- hsa-miR-4253 (MIRT743355)
- hsa-miR-4263 (MIRT743488)
- hsa-miR-4271 (MIRT743630)
- hsa-miR-4298 (MIRT743817)
- hsa-miR-4306 (MIRT743910)
- hsa-miR-432-3p (MIRT744059)
- hsa-miR-4430 (MIRT744336)
- hsa-miR-4436a (MIRT744438)
- hsa-miR-4481 (MIRT745116)
- hsa-miR-4486 (MIRT745185)
- hsa-miR-4492 (MIRT745296)
- hsa-miR-4498 (MIRT745377)
- hsa-miR-4505 (MIRT745535)
- hsa-miR-4534 (MIRT746057)
- hsa-miR-4644 (MIRT746382)
- hsa-miR-4648 (MIRT746469)
- hsa-miR-4651 (MIRT746565)
- hsa-miR-4652-5p (MIRT746604)
- hsa-miR-4656 (MIRT746658)
- hsa-miR-4675 (MIRT746887)
- hsa-miR-4722-5p (MIRT747618)
- hsa-miR-4725-3p (MIRT747711)
- hsa-miR-4731-5p (MIRT747945)
- hsa-miR-4741 (MIRT748124)
- hsa-miR-4745-5p (MIRT748187)
- hsa-miR-4747-5p (MIRT748263)
- hsa-miR-4758-5p (MIRT748485)
- hsa-miR-491-5p (MIRT749221)
- hsa-miR-5000-3p (MIRT749325)
- hsa-miR-5001-5p (MIRT749370)
- hsa-miR-5189-5p (MIRT749888)
- hsa-miR-5192 (MIRT749948)
- hsa-miR-5196-5p (MIRT750047)
- hsa-miR-552-3p (MIRT750880)
- hsa-miR-576-5p (MIRT751448)
- hsa-miR-5787 (MIRT751484)
- hsa-miR-6085 (MIRT751805)
- hsa-miR-608 (MIRT752002)
- hsa-miR-612 (MIRT752230)
- hsa-miR-637 (MIRT752694)
- hsa-miR-6732-5p (MIRT754080)
- hsa-miR-6752-5p (MIRT754648)
- hsa-miR-6756-5p (MIRT754809)
- hsa-miR-6758-5p (MIRT754882)
- hsa-miR-6766-5p (MIRT755117)
- hsa-miR-6780a-3p (MIRT755551)
- hsa-miR-6780b-5p (MIRT755642)
- hsa-miR-6810-5p (MIRT756665)
- hsa-miR-6813-5p (MIRT756741)
- hsa-miR-6829-5p (MIRT757111)
- hsa-miR-6842-5p (MIRT757382)
- hsa-miR-6852-3p (MIRT757631)
- hsa-miR-6856-5p (MIRT757728)
- hsa-miR-6860 (MIRT757861)
- hsa-miR-6862-5p (MIRT757891)
- hsa-miR-6894-5p (MIRT758785)
- hsa-miR-7110-5p (MIRT759008)
- hsa-miR-7154-3p (MIRT759235)
- hsa-miR-762 (MIRT759512)
- hsa-miR-764 (MIRT759534)
- hsa-miR-765 (MIRT759581)
- hsa-miR-766-5p (MIRT759652)
- hsa-miR-8077 (MIRT760142)
- hsa-miR-873-5p (MIRT760319)
- hsa-miR-92a-2-5p (MIRT760577)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PKM
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PKM
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PKM
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PKM - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PKM as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG208518
- MR208518
- MR208518L3
- MR208518L4
- MR230408
- RC201855
- RC201855L1
- RC201855L2
- RC201855L3
- RC201855L4
- RC219382
- RC219382L1
- RC219382L2
- RC219382L3
- RC219382L4
- RC222698
- RC222698L1
- RC222698L2
- RC222698L3
- RC222698L4
- RC234154
- RC234328
- RC234374
- RC234549
- RG201855
- RG219382
- RG222698
- RG234154
- RG234328
- RG234374
- RG234549
- RR215697
- RR215697L3
- RR215697L4
- MR208518L3V
- MR208518L4V
- RC201855L1V
- RC201855L2V
- RC201855L3V
- RC201855L4V
- RC219382L1V
- RC219382L2V
- RC219382L3V
- RC219382L4V
- RC222698L1V
- RC222698L2V
- RC222698L3V
- RC222698L4V
- RR215697L3V
- RR215697L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PKM
- Addgene plasmids for PKM
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PKM
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PKM Gene
Localization for PKM Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKM Gene
- Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Translocates to the nucleus in response to different apoptotic stimuli. Nuclear translocation is sufficient to induce cell death that is caspase independent, isoform-specific and independent of its enzymatic activity.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| nucleus | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 4 |
| extracellular | 4 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| endosome | 2 |
| lysosome | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
- Cytosol (4)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA,IDA | 17308100 |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IBA,IDA | 18298799 |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | HDA | 20833797 |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for PKM Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Glucose metabolism |
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
.58
.52
|
.01
|
| 2 | Innate Immune System |
.61
|
|
| 3 | Glucose / Energy Metabolism | ||
| 4 | Carbon metabolism | ||
| 5 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
Pathways by source for PKM Gene
6 BioSystems pathways for PKM Gene
7 Reactome pathways for PKM Gene
1 PharmGKB pathway for PKM Gene
11 KEGG pathways for PKM Gene
2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for PKM Gene
- Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
- G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-s signaling cascades
1 R&D Systems pathway for PKM Gene
2 Cell Signaling Technology pathways for PKM Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P14618-KPYM_HUMAN
- Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 5/5.
Interacting Proteins for PKM Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P14618-KPYM_HUMAN
ENSP00000320171
for PKM Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PKM
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001666 | response to hypoxia | IEA | -- |
| GO:0001889 | liver development | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006006 | glucose metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006096 | glycolytic process | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0006754 | ATP biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for PKM Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyruvic acid | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | Target | 0 | ||
| Acyclovir | Approved | Pharma | Enzyme, substrate | 117 | ||
| Copper | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target | 249 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved | Pharma | 0 | |||
| Magnesium | Approved, Experimental, Investigational | Pharma | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADP |
|
Agonist, Full agonist, Partial agonist, Gating inhibitor, Antagonist | 58-64-0 | |||
| dADP |
|
2793-06-8 |
|
|||
| dGDP |
|
3493-09-2 |
|
|||
| IDP |
|
86-04-4 |
|
|||
| inosine triphosphate |
|
132-06-9 |
|
(1) ApexBio Compounds for PKM Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| DASA-58 | activator of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) | 1203494-49-8 |
Transcripts for PKM Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PKM Gene
- 8 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 32 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 25 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000319622 2717 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000335181 2305 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000389093 2279 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000449901 2526 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000561609 1568 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PKM - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PKM CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PKM
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PKM
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PKM
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PKM
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PKM
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PKM
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PKM - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PKM as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG208518
- MR208518
- MR208518L3
- MR208518L4
- MR230408
- RC201855
- RC201855L1
- RC201855L2
- RC201855L3
- RC201855L4
- RC219382
- RC219382L1
- RC219382L2
- RC219382L3
- RC219382L4
- RC222698
- RC222698L1
- RC222698L2
- RC222698L3
- RC222698L4
- RC234154
- RC234328
- RC234374
- RC234549
- RG201855
- RG219382
- RG222698
- RG234154
- RG234328
- RG234374
- RG234549
- RR215697
- RR215697L3
- RR215697L4
- MR208518L3V
- MR208518L4V
- RC201855L1V
- RC201855L2V
- RC201855L3V
- RC201855L4V
- RC219382L1V
- RC219382L2V
- RC219382L3V
- RC219382L4V
- RC222698L1V
- RC222698L2V
- RC222698L3V
- RC222698L4V
- RR215697L3V
- RR215697L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PKM
- Addgene plasmids for PKM
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PKM
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | · | 7c | · | 7d | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | · | 8c | · | 8d | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | · | 11c | ^ | 12a | · | 12b | ^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP12: | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP13: |
| ExUns: | 13a | · | 13b | ^ | 14a | · | 14b | · | 14c | · | 14d | ^ | 15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | |||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||
| SP4: | |||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| SP6: | |||||||||||||
| SP7: | |||||||||||||
| SP8: | |||||||||||||
| SP9: | |||||||||||||
| SP10: | |||||||||||||
| SP11: | |||||||||||||
| SP12: | |||||||||||||
| SP13: |
Relevant External Links for PKM Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PKM
Expression for PKM Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
- Thymus (Hematopoietic System)
- Lung (Respiratory System)
-
Blood (Cardiovascular System)
- Double Negative 2 Thymocytes Thymus
- Lower Urinary Tract (Urinary System)
- Kidney (Urinary System)
- Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
- Smooth Muscle (Muscoskeletal System)
This gene is overexpressed in Bone marrow stromal cell (9.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for PKM Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PKM
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PKM Gene:
Hs.534770mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PKM Gene:
P14618-KPYM_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as cancer cells.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PKM Gene
- Nervous system(5)
- Kidney(5)
- Skin(5)
- Eye(5)
- Liver(5)
- Blood(4.9)
- Lung(4.9)
- Intestine(4.9)
- Pancreas(4.9)
- Heart(4.8)
- Muscle(4.8)
- Stomach(4.4)
- Bone(4.4)
- Spleen(4.3)
- Thyroid gland(4.2)
- Lymph node(3.4)
- Bone marrow(3.3)
- Adrenal gland(3)
- Gall bladder(2.8)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PKM
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PKM
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PKM Gene
Orthologs for PKM Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PKM 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PKM 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PKM2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| PKM 30 |
|
||||
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| PKM 30 |
|
||||
| -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pkm 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pkm 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PKM 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| PKM2 30 |
|
||||
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PKM 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | pkm 30 |
|
||
| Str.373 30 |
|
||||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | pkma 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| pkmb 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| pkm2 30 |
|
||||
| Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.7227 30 |
|
||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | PyK 30 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| CG2964 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| CG7069 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| CG7362 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP004596 30 |
|
||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | pyk-1 30 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| pyk-2 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | CDC19 30 31 33 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| PYK2 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis) |
Saccharomycetes | KLLA0F23397g 30 |
|
||
| A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii) |
Saccharomycetes | AGOS_ADR368W 30 |
|
||
| Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | AT5G63680 30 |
|
||
| Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera) |
eudicotyledons | Vvi.1458 30 |
|
||
| Rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os04g0677500 30 |
|
||
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) |
Schizosaccharomycetes | pyk1 30 |
|
||
| Bread mold (Neurospora crassa) |
Ascomycetes | NCU06075 30 |
|
||
| Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis) |
Ascidiacea | Cin.4710 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PKM was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for PKM Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PKM (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PKM (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PKM: view image
Paralogs for PKM Gene
(2) SIMAP similar genes for PKM Gene using alignment to 9 proteins:
- KPYM_HUMAN
- H3BN34_HUMAN
- H3BQ34_HUMAN
- H3BQZ3_HUMAN
- H3BT25_HUMAN
- H3BTJ2_HUMAN
- H3BTN5_HUMAN
- H3BU13_HUMAN
- H3BUW1_HUMAN
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PKM Gene
Variants for PKM Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PKM Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 15 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 718586 | Benign: not provided | 72,209,809(-) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
| 730512 | Benign: not provided | 72,208,731(-) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
| 745689 | Likely Benign: not provided | 72,208,758(-) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
| 745784 | Likely Benign: not provided | 72,209,857(-) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,INTRON_VARIANT | |
| 788588 | Benign: not provided | 72,208,850(-) | A/G | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
18.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.84;
17.66% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PKM Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PKM Gene
Disorders for PKM Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| pyruvate kinase deficiency of red cells |
|
|
| pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 10 |
|
|
| kernicterus |
|
|
| pigmentation disease |
|
|
| anterior dislocation of lens |
|
|
Search PKM in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PKM
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PKM Gene
Publications for PKM Gene
- Modulation of M2-type pyruvate kinase activity by the cytoplasmic PML tumor suppressor protein. (PMID: 18298799) Shimada N … Ishii S (Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 2008) 3 4 23
- Pyruvate kinase M2 is a phosphotyrosine-binding protein. (PMID: 18337815) Christofk HR … Cantley LC (Nature 2008) 3 4 23
- Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) interacts and cooperates with Oct-4 in regulating transcription. (PMID: 18191611) Lee J … Kim J (The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2008) 3 4 23
- Nuclear translocation of the tumor marker pyruvate kinase M2 induces programmed cell death. (PMID: 17308100) Steták A … Ullrich A (Cancer research 2007) 3 4 26
- Structural basis for tumor pyruvate kinase M2 allosteric regulation and catalysis. (PMID: 15996096) Dombrauckas JD … Mesecar AD (Biochemistry 2005) 3 4 23
ExternalLinks
Products for PKM Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PKM
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PKM
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PKM
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PKM
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PKM
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PKM
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PKM
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PKM