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This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded poly-Ig receptor binds polymeric immunoglobulin molecules at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells; the complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. A significant association was found between immunoglobulin A nephropathy and several SNPs in this gene.[provided by Ref... See more...
Aliases for PIGR Gene
Aliases for PIGR Gene
External Ids for PIGR Gene
- HGNC: 8968
- Entrez Gene: 5284
- Ensembl: ENSG00000162896
- OMIM: 173880
- UniProtKB: P01833
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PIGR Gene
- GC01M205761
- GC01M202813
- GC01M203745
- GC01M204185
- GC01M203335
- GC01M205168
- GC01M207101
- GC01M177799
Summaries for PIGR Gene
-
This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded poly-Ig receptor binds polymeric immunoglobulin molecules at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells; the complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. A significant association was found between immunoglobulin A nephropathy and several SNPs in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
GeneCards Summary for PIGR Gene
PIGR (Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PIGR include Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Periampullary Adenocarcinoma. Among its related pathways are IL4-mediated signaling events and Innate Immune System. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is FCAMR.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PIGR Gene
-
This receptor binds polymeric IgA and IgM at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells. The complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. During this process a cleavage occurs that separates the extracellular (known as the secretory component) from the transmembrane segment.
Additional gene information for PIGR Gene
- HGNC(8968)
- Entrez Gene(5284)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000162896)
- OMIM(173880)
- UniProtKB(P01833)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000162896)
- Search for PIGR at DataMed
- Search for PIGR at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PIGR Gene
Genomics for PIGR Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PIGR Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PIGR on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PIGR
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PIGR gene promoter:
-
- ATF6
- Bach1
- Bach2
- HNF-1
- HNF-1A
- IRF-7A
- USF-1
- USF-1:USF-2
- USF1
- USF2
Genomic Locations for PIGR Gene
Genomic Locations for PIGR Gene
- chr1:206,928,522-206,946,466
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 17,945 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr1:207,101,863-207,119,811
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 17,949 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PIGR Gene
Genes around PIGR on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1q32.1 by HGNC
- 1q32.1 by Entrez Gene
- 1q32.1 by Ensembl
PIGR Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PIGR Gene
Proteins for PIGR Gene
-
Protein details for PIGR Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P01833-PIGR_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
- Protein Accession:
- P01833
- Q68D81
- Q8IZY7
Protein attributes for PIGR Gene
- Size:
- 764 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 83284 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Protein Expression for PIGR Gene
Post-translational modifications for PIGR Gene
Other Protein References for PIGR Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PIGR
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PIGR (AFLGC-Pigr)
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PIGR
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PIGR
Protein Products
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-
Abcam proteins for PIGR
Assay Products
- RayBiotech Custom Human pIgR ELISA
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for PIGR
- antibodies-online: Show 34 available PIGR Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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-
Quality Products:
-
Signalway ELISA kits for PIGR
- Sino Biological Assays for PIGR
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PIGR Gene
Domains & Families for PIGR Gene
Gene Families for PIGR Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted membrane proteins
Protein Domains for PIGR Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Immunoglobulin V-set
- Immunoglobulin subtype
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PIGR Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated protein TB6 (PIGR_HUMAN)
- Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (Q8TE27_HUMAN)
No data available for Graphical View of Domain Structure and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PIGR Gene
Function for PIGR Gene
Molecular function for PIGR Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- This receptor binds polymeric IgA and IgM at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells. The complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. During this process a cleavage occurs that separates the extracellular (known as the secretory component) from the transmembrane segment.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- immunoglobulin polymeric (poly-Ig) receptor,transmembrane secretory complement
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PIGR Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001792 | polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity | IDA | 22022593 |
Phenotypes for PIGR Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PIGR:
- inferred from 3 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PIGR:
-
- Decreased hepcidin::fluc mRNA expression
- no effect
- Decreased viability
- Dynamic nuclei (hole, folded or small irregular)
- Decreased viability ratio
- Increased IL-8 secretion
- Strongly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Effect on mitosis
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) endocytosis, decreased endosome-nucleus distance (endosomes clustered in the perinuclear region)
Animal Models for PIGR Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PIGR - Select products 50% OFF >
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-
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-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PIGR
miRNA for PIGR Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PIGR
-
- hsa-miR-6720-5p (MIRT540313)
- hsa-miR-7703 (MIRT540314)
- hsa-miR-6512-3p (MIRT540315)
- hsa-miR-6729-5p (MIRT540316)
- hsa-miR-4649-5p (MIRT540317)
- hsa-miR-1273a (MIRT540318)
- hsa-miR-661 (MIRT540319)
- hsa-miR-4793-3p (MIRT540320)
- hsa-miR-4486 (MIRT540321)
- hsa-miR-766-3p (MIRT540322)
- hsa-miR-939-3p (MIRT540323)
- hsa-miR-6849-3p (MIRT540324)
- hsa-miR-508-5p (MIRT540325)
- mmu-miR-1953 (MIRT592484)
- mmu-miR-471-3p (MIRT592485)
- mmu-miR-712-5p (MIRT592486)
- mmu-miR-1903 (MIRT592487)
- mmu-miR-3102-3p (MIRT592488)
- mmu-miR-207 (MIRT592489)
- mmu-miR-1958 (MIRT592490)
- mmu-miR-542-3p (MIRT592491)
- hsa-miR-24-3p (MIRT629570)
- hsa-miR-4284 (MIRT629571)
- hsa-miR-4743-5p (MIRT629572)
- hsa-miR-6089 (MIRT629573)
- hsa-miR-583 (MIRT629574)
- hsa-miR-6513-5p (MIRT693551)
- hsa-miR-887-5p (MIRT693552)
- hsa-miR-3913-5p (MIRT693553)
- hsa-miR-3122 (MIRT693554)
- hsa-miR-450a-1-3p (MIRT693555)
- hsa-miR-6780a-5p (MIRT693556)
- hsa-miR-6779-5p (MIRT693557)
- hsa-miR-3689c (MIRT693558)
- hsa-miR-3689b-3p (MIRT693559)
- hsa-miR-3689a-3p (MIRT693560)
- hsa-miR-30b-3p (MIRT693561)
- hsa-miR-1273h-5p (MIRT693562)
- hsa-miR-6788-5p (MIRT693563)
- hsa-miR-30c-2-3p (MIRT693564)
- hsa-miR-30c-1-3p (MIRT693565)
- hsa-miR-6799-5p (MIRT693566)
- hsa-miR-6883-5p (MIRT693567)
- hsa-miR-6785-5p (MIRT693568)
- hsa-miR-4728-5p (MIRT693569)
- hsa-miR-149-3p (MIRT693570)
- hsa-miR-7106-5p (MIRT693571)
- hsa-miR-650 (MIRT693572)
- hsa-miR-3612 (MIRT693573)
- hsa-miR-2467-3p (MIRT693574)
- hsa-miR-1827 (MIRT693575)
- hsa-miR-3937 (MIRT693576)
- hsa-miR-940 (MIRT693577)
- hsa-miR-6893-5p (MIRT693578)
- hsa-miR-6808-5p (MIRT693579)
- hsa-miR-6511a-5p (MIRT693580)
- hsa-miR-1910-3p (MIRT693581)
- hsa-miR-133a-3p (MIRT713925)
- hsa-miR-4713-5p (MIRT713926)
- hsa-miR-642a-5p (MIRT713927)
- hsa-miR-1260b (MIRT713928)
- hsa-miR-1260a (MIRT713929)
- hsa-miR-4281 (MIRT713930)
- hsa-miR-7152-3p (MIRT713931)
- hsa-miR-1236-3p (MIRT713932)
- hsa-miR-2116-3p (MIRT713933)
- hsa-miR-532-3p (MIRT713934)
- hsa-miR-150-5p (MIRT713935)
- hsa-miR-877-3p (MIRT713936)
- hsa-miR-2276-5p (MIRT713937)
- hsa-miR-6892-3p (MIRT713938)
- hsa-miR-1224-3p (MIRT713939)
- hsa-miR-3620-3p (MIRT713940)
- hsa-miR-504-5p (MIRT713941)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
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Clone Products
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PIGR
- Addgene plasmids for PIGR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PIGR
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PIGR
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PIGR Gene
Localization for PIGR Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PIGR Gene
- Cell membrane. Single-pass type I membrane protein.
- [Secretory component]: Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| extracellular | 5 |
| lysosome | 4 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| cytosol | 3 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| endosome | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| peroxisome | 0 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IDA | 24248522 |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | TAS | 2920039 |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PIGR Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PIGR Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Innate Immune System |
.61
|
|
| 2 | Allograft rejection | ||
| 3 | IL4-mediated signaling events | ||
| 4 | Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway | ||
Pathways by source for PIGR Gene
2 BioSystems pathways for PIGR Gene
3 Reactome pathways for PIGR Gene
1 KEGG pathway for PIGR Gene
Interacting Proteins for PIGR Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PIGR
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001580 | detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste | IDA | 24248522 |
| GO:0001895 | retina homeostasis | HEP | 23580065 |
| GO:0002415 | immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | IDA | 22022593 |
| GO:0007173 | epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | IDA | 22022593 |
| GO:0038093 | Fc receptor signaling pathway | IDA | 22022593 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PIGR Gene
Transcripts for PIGR Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PIGR Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 11 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000356495 4275 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000487208 285 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000491503 263 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PIGR - Select products 50% OFF >
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-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PIGR
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PIGR
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PIGR
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PIGR
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PIGR - Select products 50% OFF >
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PIGR
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- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PIGR
Relevant External Links for PIGR Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PIGR
Expression for PIGR Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Pancreas (Endocrine System)
- Duct Cells Pancreatic Ducts
-
Epithelial Cells
- Duct Cells Pancreatic Ducts
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Colon (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Gall Bladder (Hepatobiliary System)
-
Lung (Respiratory System)
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
-
Stomach (Gastrointestinal Tract)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PIGR Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Colon - Transverse (x26.3), Minor Salivary Gland (x10.5), and Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum (x5.5).
This gene is overexpressed in Milk (25.3), Pancreatic juice (15.6), and Lavage (14.1).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for PIGR Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PIGR
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PIGR Gene:
Hs.497589Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PIGR Gene
- Intestine(5)
- Liver(4.6)
- Bone marrow(4.5)
- Saliva(4.4)
- Lung(4.4)
- Stomach(3.5)
- Kidney(3.4)
- Blood(2.7)
- Muscle(2.6)
- Gall bladder(2.5)
- Spleen(2.3)
- Lymph node(2.2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PIGR
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PIGR Gene
Orthologs for PIGR Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PIGR 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PIGR 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PIGR 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pigr 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pigr 30 |
|
||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PIGR 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PIGR 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PIGR 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PIGR 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100495453 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PIGR was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Evolution for PIGR Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PIGR (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PIGR (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PIGR: view image
Paralogs for PIGR Gene
Variants for PIGR Gene
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv3375038 | CNV | insertion | 20981092 |
| nsv1010486 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv468049 | CNV | loss | 19166990 |
| nsv549071 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
39.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
9.31;
88.29% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PIGR Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PIGR Gene
Disorders for PIGR Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| protein-energy malnutrition |
|
|
| periampullary adenocarcinoma |
|
|
| immunoglobulin alpha deficiency |
|
|
| exudative vitreoretinopathy |
|
|
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
|
Search PIGR in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PIGR
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PIGR Gene
Publications for PIGR Gene
- [Correlation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene polymorphisms to susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. (PMID: 16086865) Fan Q … Zeng YX (Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer 2005) 3 23 41
- Crystal structure of a polymeric immunoglobulin binding fragment of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. (PMID: 15530357) Hamburger AE … Bjorkman PJ (Structure (London, England : 1993) 2004) 3 4 23
- Association of gene polymorphism of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and IgA nephropathy. (PMID: 11579946) Narita I … Gejyo F (Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2001) 3 23 41
- Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PMID: 20628086) Bailey SD … DREAM investigators (Diabetes care 2010) 3 41
- Human Fcalpha/muR and pIgR distribute differently in intestinal tissues. (PMID: 19338768) Wang R … Zhang W (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2009) 3 23
ExternalLinks
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- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Show 43 available PIGR Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top PIGR Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PIGR
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PIGR siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PIGR
- Horizon Cell Lines for PIGR
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PIGR
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PIGR
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for PIGR
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PIGR
Sources for PIGR Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB