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This gene is intronless, arose via retrotransposition of the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene, and is expressed specifically in the testis. Initially assumed to be a pseudogene, the encoded protein is actually a functional phosphoglycerate kinase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, during the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of... See more...
Aliases for PGK2 Gene
Aliases for PGK2 Gene
External Ids for PGK2 Gene
- HGNC: 8898
- Entrez Gene: 5232
- Ensembl: ENSG00000170950
- OMIM: 172270
- UniProtKB: P07205
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PGK2 Gene
- GC06M049755
- GC06M049800
- GC06M049861
- GC06M049753
- GC06M049483
Summaries for PGK2 Gene
-
This gene is intronless, arose via retrotransposition of the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene, and is expressed specifically in the testis. Initially assumed to be a pseudogene, the encoded protein is actually a functional phosphoglycerate kinase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, during the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of glycolysis, in the later stages of spermatogenesis.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]
GeneCards Summary for PGK2 Gene
PGK2 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PGK2 include Testicular Torsion. Among its related pathways are Glucose metabolism and Metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include phosphoglycerate kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PGK1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PGK2 Gene
-
Essential for sperm motility and male fertility (PubMed:26677959). Not required for the completion of spermatogenesis (By similarity).
Additional gene information for PGK2 Gene
- HGNC(8898)
- Entrez Gene(5232)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000170950)
- OMIM(172270)
- UniProtKB(P07205)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000170950)
- Search for PGK2 at DataMed
- Search for PGK2 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PGK2 Gene
Genomics for PGK2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PGK2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PGK2 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PGK2
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PGK2 gene promoter:
-
- AP-1
- c-Fos
- c-Jun
- CUTL1
- FosB
- Fra-1
- JunB
- Nkx6-1
- PPAR-alpha
- Roaz
Genomic Locations for PGK2 Gene
Genomic Locations for PGK2 Gene
- chr6:49,785,660-49,787,285
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 1,626 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr6:49,753,364-49,755,053
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 1,690 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PGK2 Gene
Genes around PGK2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 6p12.3 by HGNC
- 6p12.3 by Entrez Gene
- 6p12.3 by Ensembl
PGK2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PGK2 Gene
Proteins for PGK2 Gene
-
Protein details for PGK2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P07205-PGK2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Phosphoglycerate kinase 2
- Protein Accession:
- P07205
- B2R6Y8
- Q9H107
Protein attributes for PGK2 Gene
- Size:
- 417 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 44796 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer.
Protein Expression for PGK2 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for PGK2 Gene
- P07205:
-
- KYSLAPVA
- NMLDKVNEMIIGGGM
- ELKSLLGKDVLFLKDCVG
- LLENLRF
- VNDAFGT
- AILGGAK
- YFAKALENP
- DEEGAKIV
- PSIKYCL
- SLFDEEG
- DKFDENA
- STGGGAS
- GSVILLEN
- LENLRFH
- IGGGMAYTF
- ITNNQRI
- DAFGTAHR
- RVDFNVP
- RAHSSMVG
- TFLKVLNNMEIG
- DVYVNDAF
- GTKALMDE
- DKVSHVSTGGG
- KKELDYF
- GGGDTATCC
- MSHLGRP
Post-translational modifications for PGK2 Gene
Other Protein References for PGK2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- NSJ Bioreagents PGK2 Antibody
- Creative Diagnostics Anti-PGK2 monoclonal antibody, clone FQS25010(C)
- Creative Biolabs Rabbit Anti-PGK2 Recombinant Antibody (CBYC-P328)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PGK2
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PGK2
-
Abcam antibodies for PGK2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PGK2 (AFLGC-PGK2)
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for PGK2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PGK2
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PGK2
Protein Products
- Creative Biomart Recombinant Human Phosphoglycerate Kinase 2, His-tagged
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- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PGK2
-
Signalway Proteins for PGK2
-
Abcam proteins for PGK2
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for available PGK2 related products ranked by validation data
-
Signalway ELISA kits for PGK2
Domains & Families for PGK2 Gene
Gene Families for PGK2 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Enzymes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for PGK2 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Phosphoglycerate kinase
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PGK2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Phosphoglycerate kinase, testis specific (PGK2_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P07205- Family:
-
- Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Function for PGK2 Gene
Molecular function for PGK2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Essential for sperm motility and male fertility (PubMed:26677959). Not required for the completion of spermatogenesis (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=(2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + ATP = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:14801, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:57604, ChEBI:CHEBI:58272, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.2.3;.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- phosphoglycerate kinase 2,specifically expressed in spermatogenic cell,highly homologous to PGK1,glycolysis,energy pathway,key enzyme for ATP generation
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PGK2 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PGK2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0004618 | phosphoglycerate kinase activity | IBA,NAS | 3453121 |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding | IBA,ISS | -- |
| GO:0016301 | kinase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016740 | transferase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for PGK2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PGK2:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PGK2:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- no effect
- Increased cell death HMECs cells
- Decreased Sindbis virus (SIN) capsid and autophagosome LC3 protein colocalization
- Decreased viability after sindbis virus (SIN) dsTE12Q infection
- Decreased mitophagy mCherry-Parkin protein expression after carbonyl cyanide m-chlorphenylhydrazone (CCCP) stimulation
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Reduced mammosphere formation
- Decreased viability
- Increased viability
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Increased cell death in DLD-1 cells
Animal Models for PGK2 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for PGK2:
-
- Pgk2 Pgk2<tm1Dao>
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PGK2 - Select products 50% OFF >
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-
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miRNA Products
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Clone Products
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PGK2
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Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PGK2
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PGK2 Gene
Localization for PGK2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PGK2 Gene
- Cytoplasm.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 4 |
| nucleus | 4 |
| cytosol | 4 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | HDA | 21630459 |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005929 | cilium | IEA | -- |
| GO:0035686 | sperm fibrous sheath | IBA | 21873635 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PGK2 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PGK2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Glucose metabolism |
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
.58
.52
|
.46
|
| 2 | Carbon metabolism | ||
| 3 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
| 4 | HIF-1 signaling pathway | ||
| 5 | Glycosaminoglycan metabolism | ||
Pathways by source for PGK2 Gene
2 BioSystems pathways for PGK2 Gene
5 Reactome pathways for PGK2 Gene
5 KEGG pathways for PGK2 Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for PGK2 Gene
- Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P07205-PGK2_HUMAN
- Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 2/5.
Interacting Proteins for PGK2 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PGK2
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006094 | gluconeogenesis | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0006096 | glycolytic process | IBA,NAS | 3453121 |
| GO:0016310 | phosphorylation | NAS | 3453121 |
| GO:0030317 | flagellated sperm motility | IEA | -- |
| GO:1903862 | positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation | IBA | 21873635 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PGK2 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for PGK2 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyclovir | Approved | Pharma | Enzyme, substrate | 117 | ||
| 3-Phosphoglyceric acid | Experimental | Pharma | 0 | |||
| ATP | Investigational | Nutra | Agonist, Activator, Partial agonist, Antagonist, Full agonist, Gating inhibitor, Pore Blocker, Potentiation | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Phosphoglyceric acid |
|
2553-59-5 |
|
|||
| ADP |
|
Agonist, Full agonist, Partial agonist, Gating inhibitor, Antagonist | 58-64-0 |
|
||
| Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate |
|
1981-49-3 |
|
Drug Products
- Creative Biomart Recombinant Human Phosphoglycerate Kinase 2, His-tagged
Transcripts for PGK2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PGK2 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 5 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000304801 1626 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PGK2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PGK2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
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-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PGK2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PGK2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PGK2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PGK2
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PGK2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * PGK2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PGK2
- Addgene plasmids for PGK2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PGK2
Relevant External Links for PGK2 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PGK2
Expression for PGK2 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
- Leydig Cells Testis Interstitium
- Mature Sertoli Cells Seminiferous Tubules
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Testis Interstitium
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
- Thyroid (Endocrine System)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PGK2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Testis (x52.6).
This gene is overexpressed in Lung (23.3), Brain (16.3), and Testis (13.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for PGK2 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PGK2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PGK2 Gene:
Hs.367727mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PGK2 Gene:
P07205-PGK2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Mainly found in round spermatids. Localized on the principle piece in the sperm (at protein level). Testis-specific. Expression significantly decreased in the testis of elderly men.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PGK2 Gene
- Nervous system(4.4)
- Liver(2.3)
- Blood(2.2)
- Heart(2.1)
- Kidney(2.1)
- Gall bladder(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PGK2
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PGK2
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PGK2 Gene
Orthologs for PGK2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PGK2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PGK2 30 |
|
||
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PGK2 30 |
|
||
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pgk2 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pgk2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PGK1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | pgk1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Pgk 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| CG9961 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | pgk-1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| T03F1.3 32 |
|
|
|||
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | PGK1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | PGK 30 |
|
||
| Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera) |
eudicotyledons | Vvi.6705 30 |
|
||
| Soybean (Glycine max) |
eudicotyledons | Gma.6263 30 |
|
||
| Rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os02g0169300 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PGK2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for PGK2 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PGK2 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PGK2 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PGK2: view image
Paralogs for PGK2 Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for PGK2 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:
- PGK2_HUMAN
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PGK2 Gene
Variants for PGK2 Gene
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv3608949 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
87.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.05;
50.43% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PGK2 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- PGK2
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PGK2 Gene
Disorders for PGK2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| testicular torsion |
|
|
Search PGK2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for PGK2
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PGK2 Gene
Publications for PGK2 Gene
- Human testis-specific PGK gene lacks introns and possesses characteristics of a processed gene. (PMID: 3453121) McCarrey JR … Thomas K (Nature 1987) 2 3 4
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PMID: 15489334) Gerhard DS … MGC Project Team (Genome research 2004) 3 4
- The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. (PMID: 14574404) Mungall AJ … Beck S (Nature 2003) 3 4
- Molecular cloning and structure of an autosomal processed gene for human phosphoglycerate kinase. (PMID: 3839763) Tani K … Yoshida A (Gene 1985) 2 3
- Testis-specific calcium-binding protein CBP86-IV (CABYR) binds with phosphoglycerate kinase 2 in vitro and in vivo experiment. (PMID: 30972801) Shen S … Wang J (Andrologia 2019) 3
ExternalLinks
Products for PGK2 Gene
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- antibodies-online: Show 68 available PGK2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PGK2
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Sources for PGK2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
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