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This gene is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. Defects in this gene are a cause of cy... See more...
Aliases for PCK1 Gene
Aliases for PCK1 Gene
External Ids for PCK1 Gene
- HGNC: 8724
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 5105
- Ensembl: ENSG00000124253
- OMIM®: 614168
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P35558
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PCK1 Gene
- GC20P055864
- GC20P056774
- GC20P056821
- GC20P055569
- GC20P056136
- GC20P052917
Summaries for PCK1 Gene
-
This gene is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. Defects in this gene are a cause of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for PCK1 Gene
PCK1 (Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PCK1 include Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency, Cytosolic and Pepck 1 Deficiency. Among its related pathways are Glucose metabolism and Estrogen Receptor Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding and GDP binding. An important paralog of this gene is PCK2.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for PCK1 Gene
-
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) and acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis (PubMed:30193097, PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26971250, PubMed:28216384). Regulates cataplerosis and anaplerosis, the processes that control the levels of metabolic intermediates in the citric acid cycle (PubMed:30193097, PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26971250, PubMed:28216384). At low glucose levels, it catalyzes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle (PubMed:30193097). At high glucose levels, it catalyzes the anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate (PubMed:30193097). Acts as a regulator of formation and maintenance of memory CD8(+) T-cells: up-regulated in these cells, where it generates phosphoenolpyruvate, via gluconeogenesis (By similarity). The resultant phosphoenolpyruvate flows to glycogen and pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for memory CD8(+) T-cells homeostasis (By similarity). In addition to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, also acts as a protein kinase when phosphorylated at Ser-90: phosphorylation at Ser-90 by AKT1 reduces the binding affinity to oxaloacetate and promotes an atypical serine protein kinase activity using GTP as donor (PubMed:32322062). The protein kinase activity regulates lipogenesis: upon phosphorylation at Ser-90, translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes phosphorylation of INSIG proteins (INSIG1 and INSIG2), thereby disrupting the interaction between INSIG proteins and SCAP and promoting nuclear translocation of SREBP proteins (SREBF1/SREBP1 or SREBF2/SREBP2) and subsequent transcription of downstream lipogenesis-related genes (PubMed:32322062).
Additional gene information for PCK1 Gene
- HGNC (8724)
- NCBI Entrez Gene (5105)
- Ensembl (ENSG00000124253)
- OMIM® (614168)
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P35558)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000124253)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for PCK1 at DataMed
- Search for PCK1 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for PCK1 Gene
Genomics for PCK1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for PCK1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around PCK1 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PCK1
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PCK1 gene promoter:
-
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- E47
- Hand1
- IRF-1
- NF-kappaB
- NF-kappaB1
- Olf-1
- Pax-4a
- RelA
Genomic Locations for PCK1 Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr20:57,561,080-57,568,121
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 7,042 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr20:56,136,166-56,143,177
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 7,012 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr20:56,136,136-56,141,513
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
- Size:
- 5,378 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for PCK1 Gene
Genes around PCK1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 20q13.31 by HGNC
- 20q13.31 by Entrez Gene
- 20q13.31 by Ensembl
PCK1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PCK1 Gene
Proteins for PCK1 Gene
-
Protein details for PCK1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P35558-PCKGC_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]
- Protein Accession:
- P35558
- A8K437
- B4DT64
- Q8TCA3
- Q9UJD2
Protein attributes for PCK1 Gene
- Size:
- 622 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 69195 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Mn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29035;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer.
- Miscellaneous:
-
- In eukaryotes there are two isozymes: a cytoplasmic one and a mitochondrial one.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PCK1 Gene
Protein Expression for PCK1 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for PCK1 Gene
- P35558:
-
- FTNVAETSDGGVYWEGID
- KYDNCWLA
- AHPNSRF
- PFSMGPLGS
- WPGFGEN
- ISKEFWE
- IEGIIFG
- IGIELTDSPYV
- KCLHSVG
- VPLVYEA
- CDGSEEE
- FLWPGFG
- YVIPFSMGP
- TDSPYVV
- FPSACGKTN
- GWLAEHMLIL
- FGVAPGT
- NSRFCTP
- FGGRRPAGVPL
- GDDIAWM
- VNWFRKD
- IIFGGRR
- SPEGVPIE
- YVVASMRIM
- GSGYGGN
- EQRDTVPIPK
- LRAINPE
- PLVYEALSW
- MRIMTRMG
- LLGKKCFALR
- MKGRTMY
Post-translational modifications for PCK1 Gene
- Acetylated. Lysine acetylation by p300/EP300 is increased on high glucose conditions (PubMed:20167786, PubMed:21726808, PubMed:30193097). Lysine acetylation promotes ubiquitination by UBR5 (PubMed:21726808). Acetylation is enhanced in the presence of BAG6. Deacetylated by SIRT2. Deacetylation of Lys-91 is carried out by SIRT1 and depends on PCK1 phosphorylation levels (PubMed:30193097).
- Phosphorylated in a GSK3B-mediated pathway; phosphorylation affects the efficiency of SIRT1-mediated deacetylation, and regulates PCK1 ubiquitination and degradation (PubMed:30193097). Phosphorylation at Ser-90 by AKT1 reduces the binding affinity to oxaloacetate and promotes the protein kinase activity: phosphorylated PCK1 translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it phosphorylates INSIG1 and INSIG2 (PubMed:32322062).
- Ubiquitination by UBR5 leads to proteasomal degradation.
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for PCK1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
- LifeSpan BioSciences PCK1 Antibody (LS-B3032) and PCK1 Antibody (LS-B6935)
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ PCK1 Antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PCK1
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PCK1
-
Abcam antibodies for PCK1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PCK1 (AFLGC-PCK1)
- antibodies-online: Show 60 available PCK1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top PCK1 Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 126 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 24 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IP Antibodies (anti-human)
- 67 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 24 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 48 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 24 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 IP Antibodies (anti-rat)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for PCK1
-
Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for PCK1
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [19-243]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [18-460]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [27-713]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [27-714]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [46-144]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [46-145]
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [63-393]
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PCK1
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PCK1
Protein products for research
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PCK1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PCK1
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PCK1
-
Abcam proteins for PCK1
Assay products for research
- RayBiotech Custom Human PCK1/PEPCK-C ELISA
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for PCK1
- antibodies-online: Show 39 available PCK1 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top PCK1 Elisa Kits
-
Quality Products:
- ABIN417099
- ABIN1571745
- ABIN5525220
- ABIN456132
- ABIN4884106
- ABIN6386196
- ABIN5657770
- ABIN2950316
- ABIN4971880
- ABIN2537800
- ABIN424154
- ABIN1571746
- ABIN5525221
- ABIN5595010
- ABIN5657771
- ABIN2950317
- ABIN4971881
- ABIN2537801
- ABIN6231722
- ABIN5069411
- ABIN431839
- ABIN1571747
- ABIN5595011
- ABIN5657772
- ABIN4971882
- ABIN2537802
- ABIN6231725
- ABIN1147910
- ABIN6231718
- ABIN1147908
Domains & Families for PCK1 Gene
Gene Families for PCK1 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Disease related genes
- Enzymes
- Potential drug targets
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for PCK1 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PCK1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- cDNA FLJ50205, highly similar to Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) (B4DT64_HUMAN)
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PCKGC_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P35558- Family:
-
- Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] family.
Function for PCK1 Gene
Molecular function for PCK1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) and acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis (PubMed:30193097, PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26971250, PubMed:28216384). Regulates cataplerosis and anaplerosis, the processes that control the levels of metabolic intermediates in the citric acid cycle (PubMed:30193097, PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26971250, PubMed:28216384). At low glucose levels, it catalyzes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle (PubMed:30193097). At high glucose levels, it catalyzes the anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate (PubMed:30193097). Acts as a regulator of formation and maintenance of memory CD8(+) T-cells: up-regulated in these cells, where it generates phosphoenolpyruvate, via gluconeogenesis (By similarity). The resultant phosphoenolpyruvate flows to glycogen and pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for memory CD8(+) T-cells homeostasis (By similarity). In addition to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, also acts as a protein kinase when phosphorylated at Ser-90: phosphorylation at Ser-90 by AKT1 reduces the binding affinity to oxaloacetate and promotes an atypical serine protein kinase activity using GTP as donor (PubMed:32322062). The protein kinase activity regulates lipogenesis: upon phosphorylation at Ser-90, translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes phosphorylation of INSIG proteins (INSIG1 and INSIG2), thereby disrupting the interaction between INSIG proteins and SCAP and promoting nuclear translocation of SREBP proteins (SREBF1/SREBP1 or SREBF2/SREBP2) and subsequent transcription of downstream lipogenesis-related genes (PubMed:32322062).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=GTP + oxaloacetate = CO2 + GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10388, ChEBI:CHEBI:16452, ChEBI:CHEBI:16526, ChEBI:CHEBI:37565, ChEBI:CHEBI:58189, ChEBI:CHEBI:58702; EC=4.1.1.32; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:24863970, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26971250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28216384, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32322062};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=GTP + L-seryl-[protein] = GDP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:64020, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9863, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11604, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29999, ChEBI:CHEBI:37565, ChEBI:CHEBI:58189, ChEBI:CHEBI:83421; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:32322062};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- Regulated by cAMP and insulin.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
- Kinetic parameters: KM=35 uM for oxaloacetate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=46 uM for oxaloacetate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=170 uM for GTP (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=151 uM for GTP (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=208 uM for phosphoenolpyruvate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=87 uM for phosphoenolpyruvate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=63 uM for GDP (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=29 uM for GDP (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097}; KM=1.15 mM for GTP (in a protein kinase activity assay when not phosphorylated at Ser-90) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32322062}; KM=0.21 mM for GTP (in a protein kinase activity assay when using a phosphomimetic mutant at Ser-90) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:32322062}; Note=Kcat is 33 sec(-1) with oxaloacetate as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 21 sec(-1) with oxaloacetate as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 17 sec(-1) with phosphoenolpyruvate as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 11 sec(-1)with phosphoenolpyruvate as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 40 sec(-1) with GTP as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 22 sec(-1) with GTP as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 16 sec(-1) with GDP as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 10 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). Kcat is 11 sec(-1) with GDP as substrate (for the enzyme purified from cells exposed to 15 mM glucose) (PubMed:30193097). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30193097};
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is regulated by acetylation and glucose levels (PubMed:20167786, PubMed:30193097). The anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate is improved by PCK1 acetylation on Lys-91 (K91ac), Lys-473 (K473ac) and Lys-521 (K521ac) (By similarity). High glucose concentrations favor PCK1 anaplerotic activity by triggering acetylation on Lys-91 (K91ac). At low glucose levels, SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of Lys-91 promotes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PubMed:30193097). Phosphorylation at Ser-90 reduces the binding affinity to oxaloacetate and converts the enzyme into an atypical protein kinase using GTP as donor (PubMed:32322062).
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1,cytoplasmic,gluconeogenesis,energy pathway,mainly expressed in liver,kidney,adipocytes
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for PCK1 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for PCK1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0000287 | magnesium ion binding | IDA | 11851336 |
| GO:0004611 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0004613 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005525 | GTP binding | IDA | 11851336 |
Phenotypes for PCK1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PCK1:
- inferred from 6 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PCK1:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- no effect
- Decreased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Reduced mammosphere formation
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Decreased NF-kappaB reporter expression
- Decreased IL-8 secretion
- Decreased HIV-LTR-beta-galactosidase protein expression
- Decreased viability
- Negative genetic interaction between PTTG1-/- and PTTG1+/+
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Decreased human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD169 replication
- Increased ionizing radiation sensitivity
- Downregulation of Wnt pathway after Wnt3A stimulation
- Increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) endocytosis, decreased endosome-nucleus distance (endosomes clustered in the perinuclear region)
- Increased cell death in HCC-1954 cells
- Decreased viability with paclitaxel
- Increased telomerase activity
Animal Models for PCK1 Gene
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PCK1 - Starting at $85 >
- * PCK1 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PCK1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PCK1
miRNA for PCK1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PCK1
-
- hsa-miR-33b-5p (MIRT054920)
- mmu-miR-362-3p (MIRT578042)
- mmu-miR-329-3p (MIRT578043)
- mmu-miR-466i-3p (MIRT578044)
- mmu-miR-342-3p (MIRT578045)
- mmu-miR-377-3p (MIRT603625)
- hsa-miR-1277-5p (MIRT607460)
- hsa-miR-190a-3p (MIRT607461)
- hsa-miR-5011-5p (MIRT607462)
- hsa-miR-4789-3p (MIRT607463)
- hsa-miR-8485 (MIRT607464)
- hsa-miR-4482-3p (MIRT620245)
- hsa-miR-7159-3p (MIRT620246)
- hsa-miR-627-3p (MIRT620247)
- hsa-miR-330-3p (MIRT620248)
- hsa-miR-7151-5p (MIRT620249)
- hsa-miR-3163 (MIRT620250)
- hsa-miR-5582-3p (MIRT620251)
- hsa-miR-548f-3p (MIRT620252)
- hsa-miR-548e-3p (MIRT620253)
- hsa-miR-548az-3p (MIRT620254)
- hsa-miR-548ar-3p (MIRT620255)
- hsa-miR-548a-3p (MIRT620256)
- hsa-miR-8064 (MIRT626357)
- hsa-miR-1185-2-3p (MIRT639564)
- hsa-miR-1185-1-3p (MIRT639565)
- hsa-let-7f-2-3p (MIRT639566)
- hsa-miR-548t-3p (MIRT647682)
- hsa-miR-548ap-3p (MIRT647683)
- hsa-miR-548aa (MIRT647684)
- hsa-miR-26a-1-3p (MIRT733095)
- bta-miR-26a (MIRT735254)
- hsa-miR-129-5p (MIRT790091)
- hsa-miR-1297 (MIRT790094)
- hsa-miR-26a-5p (MIRT790203)
- hsa-miR-26b-5p (MIRT790204)
- hsa-miR-3650 (MIRT790321)
- hsa-miR-4465 (MIRT790465)
- hsa-miR-5697 (MIRT790781)
- mmu-miR-466f-3p (MIRT791420)
- mmu-miR-466q (MIRT791562)
- mmu-miR-467f (MIRT791700)
- mmu-miR-669c-3p (MIRT791868)
- mmu-miR-7001-3p (MIRT791997)
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PCK1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PCK1
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PCK1 - Starting at $45 >
- * PCK1 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PCK1
Cell Lines for research
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PCK1
No data available for Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PCK1 Gene
Localization for PCK1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PCK1 Gene
- Cytoplasm, cytosol. Endoplasmic reticulum. Note=Phosphorylation at Ser-90 promotes translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:32322062}.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| extracellular | 4 |
| mitochondrion | 4 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA,ISS | -- |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | IEA,IDA | 32322062 |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
| GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome | HDA | 19056867 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for PCK1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for PCK1 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Glucose metabolism |
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
.58
.46
|
|
| 2 | Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | ||
| 3 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
| 4 | Abacavir transport and metabolism | ||
| 5 | Glucose / Energy Metabolism | ||
Pathways by source for PCK1 Gene
7 BioSystems pathways for PCK1 Gene
8 Reactome pathways for PCK1 Gene
1 PharmGKB pathway for PCK1 Gene
13 KEGG pathways for PCK1 Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for PCK1 Gene
- Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for PCK1 Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P35558-PCKGC_HUMAN
- Pathway: Carbohydrate biosynthesis; gluconeogenesis.
Interacting Proteins for PCK1 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for PCK1
SIGNOR curated interactions for PCK1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006006 | glucose metabolic process | IEA,IMP | 14764811 |
| GO:0006094 | gluconeogenesis | ISS,TAS | -- |
| GO:0006107 | oxaloacetate metabolic process | IDA | 30193097 |
| GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007568 | aging | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for PCK1 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyclovir | Approved | Pharma | Enzyme, substrate | 124 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved | Pharma | 0 | |||
| phosphoenolpyruvate | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 | ||
| 1-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-3-Butyl-8-(N-Acetyl-4-Aminobenzyl)-Xanthine | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 | ||
| 1-Allyl-3-Butyl-8-(N-Acetyl-4-Aminobenzyl)-Xanthine | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDP |
|
86-04-4 |
|
|||
| inosine triphosphate |
|
132-06-9 |
|
|||
| Oxalacetic acid |
|
328-42-7 |
|
Transcripts for PCK1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PCK1 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 12 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000319441 4320 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000467047 5074 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000470051 409 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000475833 1037 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000485958 581 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for PCK1 - Starting at $85 >
- * PCK1 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PCK1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PCK1
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PCK1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PCK1
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for PCK1 - Starting at $45 >
- * PCK1 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PCK1
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | · | 10c |
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| SP5: |
Relevant External Links for PCK1 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- PCK1
Expression for PCK1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Periportal Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
-
Amnion (Extraembryonic Tissues)
- Amniotic Epithelial Cells Amniotic Membrane
-
Epithelial Cells
- Amniotic Epithelial Cells Amniotic Membrane
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Pancreas (Endocrine System)
-
Colon (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
-
Stomach (Gastrointestinal Tract)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PCK1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Liver (x29.5) and Kidney - Cortex (x12.5).
This gene is overexpressed in Kidney (27.4), Gallbladder (24.9), and Liver (8.2).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for PCK1 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for PCK1
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PCK1 Gene:
Hs.1872mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PCK1 Gene:
P35558-PCKGC_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Major sites of expression are liver, kidney and adipocytes.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PCK1 Gene
- Liver(4.8)
- Kidney(4.8)
- Intestine(2.7)
- Blood(2.4)
- Pancreas(2.3)
- Skin(2.2)
- Muscle(2.2)
- Nervous system(2.1)
- Heart(2.1)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PCK1 Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- cardiovascular
- digestive
- endocrine
- integumentary
- nervous
- respiratory
- skeletal muscle
- urinary
Regions:
Head and neck:
- brain
- cranial nerve
- ear
- eye
- head
Thorax:
- heart
- lung
Abdomen:
- adrenal gland
- kidney
- liver
General:
- peripheral nerve
- peripheral nervous system
- skin
- sweat gland
Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PCK1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PCK1
Gene Expression Assays for research
Orthologs for PCK1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PCK1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PEPCK 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| PCK1 30 |
|
||||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PCK1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pck1 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pck1 30 |
|
||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PCK1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PCK1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PEPCK 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| PCK1 30 |
|
||||
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PCK1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | pck1 30 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | MGC68864 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | pck1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dr.26132 30 |
|
||||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG10924 30 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| Pepck 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | R11A5.4 32 |
|
|
|
| pck-1 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| pck-2 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| pck-3 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.10673 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis) |
Ascidiacea | Cin.5335 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for PCK1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for PCK1 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for PCK1 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for PCK1 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for PCK1: view image
Paralogs for PCK1 Gene
Variants for PCK1 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for PCK1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 20 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 895814 | Uncertain Significance: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic | 57,562,866(+) |
C/T NM_002591.4(PCK1):c.577C>T (p.Leu193Phe) |
MISSENSE | |
| 895815 | Uncertain Significance: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic | 57,563,068(+) |
G/A NM_002591.4(PCK1):c.651G>A (p.Thr217=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
| 895816 | Uncertain Significance: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic | 57,563,133(+) |
C/T NM_002591.4(PCK1):c.716C>T (p.Ser239Leu) |
MISSENSE | |
| 895817 | Uncertain Significance: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic | 57,563,150(+) |
T/G NM_002591.4(PCK1):c.733T>G (p.Cys245Gly) |
MISSENSE | |
| 895818 | Uncertain Significance: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic | 57,563,164(+) |
G/A NM_002591.4(PCK1):c.747G>A (p.Arg249=) |
SYNONYMOUS |
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
57.1% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
5.09;
69.04% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for PCK1 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for PCK1 Gene
Disorders for PCK1 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic |
|
|
| pepck 1 deficiency |
|
|
| hypoglycemia |
|
|
| type 2 diabetes mellitus |
|
|
| maturity-onset diabetes of the young |
|
|
Search PCK1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PCKGC_HUMAN- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic (PCKDC) [MIM:261680]: An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by impaired gluconeogenesis, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hepatomegaly, hepatic dysfunction, failure to thrive, lactic acidosis, and elevated tricarboxylic acid intermediates, particularly fumarate, in urine. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:24863970, ECO:0000269 PubMed:26971250, ECO:0000269 PubMed:28216384}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Additional Disease Information for PCK1
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for Genatlas for PCK1 Gene
Publications for PCK1 Gene
- A Leu184Val polymorphism in PCK1 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in Eastern Chinese population with BMI<23 kg/m2. (PMID: 19070910) Dong Y … Su Q (Diabetes research and clinical practice 2009) 3 23 41
- The promoter polymorphism -232C/G of the PCK1 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in a UK-resident South Asian population. (PMID: 19725958) Rees SD … Kelly MA (BMC medical genetics 2009) 3 23 41
- The estrogen hypothesis of schizophrenia implicates glucose metabolism: association study in three independent samples. (PMID: 18460190) Olsen L … Werge T (BMC medical genetics 2008) 3 23 41
- Large-scale study of the -232C > G polymorphism of PCK1 in Type 2 diabetes. (PMID: 16978381) Wegner L … Pedersen O (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 2006) 3 23 41
- Association of the promoter polymorphism -232C/G of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. (PMID: 16620271) Gouni-Berthold I … Krone W (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 2006) 3 23 41
ExternalLinks
Products for PCK1 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for PCK1
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PCK1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PCK1
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PCK1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PCK1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PCK1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PCK1
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PCK1
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For PCK1
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PCK1
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Sino Biological Antibodies for PCK1
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PCK1
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for PCK1
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for PCK1
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for PCK1
- Abcam proteins for PCK1
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for PCK1 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for PCK1 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for PCK1 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for PCK1 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for PCK1
- antibodies-online: Show 60 available PCK1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top PCK1 Antibodies
- Recommended
- 126 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 24 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IP Antibodies (anti-human)
- 67 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 24 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 48 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 24 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 2 IP Antibodies (anti-rat)
- antibodies-online: Show 39 available PCK1 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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- ABIN417099
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- ABIN4884106
- ABIN6386196
- ABIN5657770
- ABIN2950316
- ABIN4971880
- ABIN2537800
- ABIN424154
- ABIN1571746
- ABIN5525221
- ABIN5595010
- ABIN5657771
- ABIN2950317
- ABIN4971881
- ABIN2537801
- ABIN6231722
- ABIN5069411
- ABIN431839
- ABIN1571747
- ABIN5595011
- ABIN5657772
- ABIN4971882
- ABIN2537802
- ABIN6231725
- ABIN1147910
- ABIN6231718
- ABIN1147908
- antibodies-online: Show 10 available PCK1 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top PCK1 Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PCK1
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PCK1 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PCK1
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for PCK1
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [19-243]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [18-460]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [27-713]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [27-714]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [46-144]
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) [46-145]
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [63-393]
- Search for PCK1 Proteins at ProSci
- Horizon Cell Lines for PCK1
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for PCK1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for PCK1
- Biorbyt antibodies for PCK1
Sources for PCK1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM® (Updated: 05-Mar-2021)
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
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- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) MedlinePlus Genetics
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
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- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
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- (128) SNPedia
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- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNAcentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Open Targets Platform
- (175) 5SRRNADB
- (176) snoDB
- (177) MirGeneDB