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Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian... See more...
Aliases for MRPL39 Gene
Aliases for MRPL39 Gene
External Ids for MRPL39 Gene
- HGNC: 14027
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 54148
- Ensembl: ENSG00000154719
- OMIM®: 611845
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q9NYK5
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for MRPL39 Gene
- GC21M023536
- GC21M025879
- GC21M026957
- GC21M012361
Summaries for MRPL39 Gene
-
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 5q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for MRPL39 Gene
MRPL39 (Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L39) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MRPL39 include Properdin Deficiency, X-Linked. Among its related pathways are Mitochondrial translation and Organelle biogenesis and maintenance. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include nucleotide binding. An important paralog of this gene is TARS1.
Additional gene information for MRPL39 Gene
- HGNC (14027)
- NCBI Entrez Gene (54148)
- Ensembl (ENSG00000154719)
- OMIM® (611845)
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q9NYK5)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000154719)
- Alliance of Genome Resources
- Search for MRPL39 at DataMed
- Search for MRPL39 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for MRPL39 Gene
Genomics for MRPL39 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for MRPL39 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around MRPL39 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for MRPL39
Genomic Locations for MRPL39 Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr21:25,585,656-25,607,858
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 22,203 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr21:26,957,968-26,979,793
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 21,826 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for MRPL39 Gene
Genes around MRPL39 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 21q21.3 by HGNC
- 21q21.3 by Entrez Gene
- 21q21.3 by Ensembl
MRPL39 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for MRPL39 Gene
Proteins for MRPL39 Gene
-
Protein details for MRPL39 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9NYK5-RM39_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- 39S ribosomal protein L39, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- Q9NYK5
- C9JYA5
- Q32Q74
- Q5QTR3
- Q96Q65
- Q9BSQ7
- Q9BZV6
- Q9NX44
Protein attributes for MRPL39 Gene
- Size:
- 338 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 38712 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU) (PubMed:28892042, PubMed:25838379, PubMed:25278503). Mature mammalian 55S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (28S) and a large (39S) subunit. The 28S small subunit contains a 12S ribosomal RNA (12S mt-rRNA) and 30 different proteins. The 39S large subunit contains a 16S rRNA (16S mt-rRNA), a copy of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (mt-tRNA(Val)), which plays an integral structural role, and 52 different proteins.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAF44696.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAQ13505.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=BAA91177.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for MRPL39 Gene
Protein Expression for MRPL39 Gene
Post-translational modifications for MRPL39 Gene
Other Protein References for MRPL39 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
- LifeSpan BioSciences MRPL39 Antibody
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ MRPL39 Antibody
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for MRPL39
-
Abcam antibodies for MRPL39
- Invitrogen Antibodies for MRPL39 (AFLGC-MRPL39)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for MRPL39
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for MRPL39
Protein products for research
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for MRPL39
- Origene Custom Protein Services for MRPL39
- antibodies-online: Show 4 available MRPL39 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top MRPL39 Proteins
-
Quality Products:
-
Abcam proteins for MRPL39
Assay products for research
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for MRPL39 Gene
Domains & Families for MRPL39 Gene
Gene Families for MRPL39 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Ribosomal proteins
Protein Domains for MRPL39 Gene
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for MRPL39 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- 39S ribosomal protein L5, mitochondrial (RM39_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9NYK5UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
RM39_HUMAN :- Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL39 family.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL39 family.
Function for MRPL39 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for MRPL39 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | HDA | 22658674 |
Phenotypes for MRPL39 Gene
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for MRPL39 - Starting at $85 >
- * MRPL39 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for MRPL39
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MRPL39
miRNA for MRPL39 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target MRPL39
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for MRPL39
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for MRPL39
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for MRPL39 - Starting at $45 >
- * MRPL39 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for MRPL39
No data available for Molecular function , Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for MRPL39 Gene
Localization for MRPL39 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for MRPL39 Gene
- Mitochondrion.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
- Mitochondria (3)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IBA,IDA | 28892042 |
| GO:0005743 | mitochondrial inner membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005761 | mitochondrial ribosome | NAS | 11167009 |
| GO:0005762 | mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit | IDA | 25278503 |
| GO:0005840 | ribosome | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for MRPL39 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mitochondrial translation | ||
| 2 | Organelle biogenesis and maintenance | ||
Pathways by source for MRPL39 Gene
Interacting Proteins for MRPL39 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for MRPL39
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0070125 | mitochondrial translational elongation | TAS | -- |
| GO:0070126 | mitochondrial translational termination | TAS | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for MRPL39 Gene
Transcripts for MRPL39 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for MRPL39 Gene
- 2 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 11 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000307301 1199 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000352957 1074 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000419219 900 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for MRPL39 - Starting at $85 >
- * MRPL39 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for MRPL39
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MRPL39
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for MRPL39
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for MRPL39
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for MRPL39 - Starting at $45 >
- * MRPL39 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for MRPL39
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - |
Relevant External Links for MRPL39 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- MRPL39
Expression for MRPL39 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Breast (37.0) and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (8.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for MRPL39 Gene
- Elite partner
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for MRPL39
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for MRPL39 Gene:
Hs.420696mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for MRPL39 Gene:
Q9NYK5-RM39_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Isoform 1 is ubiquitously expressed. Isoform 2 is heart-specific.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for MRPL39 Gene
- Heart(4.4)
- Muscle(4.4)
Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for MRPL39
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for MRPL39
Gene Expression Assays for research
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for MRPL39 Gene
Orthologs for MRPL39 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | MRPL39 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | MRPL39 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | MRPL39 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Mrpl39 29 16 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Mrpl39 29 |
|
||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | MRPL39 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | MRPL39 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | MRPL39 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | mrpl39 29 |
|
||
| Str.11934 29 |
|
||||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.16628 29 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | mrpl39 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | mRpL39 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| mRpL5 31 |
|
|
|||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP010644 29 |
|
||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | tars-1 30 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | THS1 30 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 30 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for MRPL39 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for MRPL39 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for MRPL39 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for MRPL39 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for MRPL39: view image
- Alliance of Genome Resources:
- Additional Orthologs for MRPL39
Paralogs for MRPL39 Gene
Variants for MRPL39 Gene
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
73.6% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.11;
38.53% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for MRPL39 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for MRPL39 Gene
Disorders for MRPL39 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| properdin deficiency, x-linked |
|
|
Search MRPL39 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for MRPL39
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for MRPL39 Gene
Publications for MRPL39 Gene
- The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. (PMID: 11543634) Kenmochi N … Tanaka T (Genomics 2001) 2 3 4
- Structures of the human mitochondrial ribosome in native states of assembly. (PMID: 28892042) Brown A … Ramakrishnan V (Nature structural & molecular biology 2017) 3 4
- Structure of the large ribosomal subunit from human mitochondria. (PMID: 25278503) Brown A … Ramakrishnan V (Science (New York, N.Y.) 2014) 3 4
- Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression. (PMID: 20877624) Hendrickson SL … O'Brien SJ (PloS one 2010) 3 40
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T … Sugano S (Nature genetics 2004) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for MRPL39 Gene
- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for MRPL39
- Origene Custom Protein Services for MRPL39
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for MRPL39
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For MRPL39
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for MRPL39
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for MRPL39
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MRPL39
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For MRPL39
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MRPL39
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for MRPL39
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for MRPL39
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for MRPL39
- Abcam proteins for MRPL39
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- Invitrogen Antibodies for MRPL39 (AFLGC-MRPL39)
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for MRPL39 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for MRPL39 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for MRPL39 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for MRPL39 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for MRPL39
- antibodies-online: Show 16 available MRPL39 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top MRPL39 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for available MRPL39 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Show 4 available MRPL39 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top MRPL39 Proteins
- Quality Products:
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for MRPL39
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for MRPL39 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MRPL39
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for MRPL39
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for MRPL39
- Biorbyt antibodies for MRPL39
Sources for MRPL39 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM® (Updated: 05-Apr-2021)
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) ASD
- (27) SAGE
- (28) SOURCE
- (29) HomoloGene
- (30) PanEnsembl
- (31) euGenes
- (32) SGD
- (33) FlyBase
- (34) WormBase
- (35) Pseudogene
- (36) DGV
- (37) dbSNP
- (38) GenAtlas
- (39) HGMD
- (40) GAD
- (41) BGMUT
- (42) HuGE
- (43) Atlas
- (44) GenBank
- (45) HORDE
- (46) HUGE
- (47) IMGT
- (48) Leiden
- (49) miRBase
- (50) DME
- (51) OriGene
- (52) PubMed
- (53) R&D Systems
- (54) Tocris
- (55) Abcam
- (56) Novus Biologicals
- (57) ProSpec
- (58) Sino Biological
- (59) GenScript
- (60) Qiagen
- (61) OCA
- (62) Proteopedia
- (63) MOPED
- (64) neXtProt
- (65) Reactome
- (66) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (67) DISEASES
- (68) SIMAP
- (69) GenomeRNAi
- (70) LifeMap
- (71) miRTarBase
- (72) MalaCards
- (73) Invitrogen
- (74) BitterDB
- (75) ESI-BIO
- (76) RefSeq
- (77) BioSystems
- (78) MaxQB
- (79) IUPHAR
- (80) BioGPS
- (81) Illumina
- (82) COMPARTMENTS
- (83) HOMER
- (84) PaxDb
- (85) ApexBio
- (86) Addgene
- (87) antibodies-online
- (88) CYP
- (89) NONCODE
- (90) TreeFam
- (91) PathCards
- (92) GeneReviews
- (93) GeneTex
- (94) Taconic Biosciences
- (95) GTEx
- (96) ProteomicsDB
- (97) SCBT
- (98) DGIdb
- (99) ClinicalTrials
- (100) RVIS
- (101) SIGNOR
- (102) diseasecard
- (103) NIH Rare Diseases
- (104) Orphanet
- (105) UMLS
- (106) GTR
- (107) Disease Ontology
- (108) MedlinePlus Genetics
- (109) MeSH
- (110) MedlinePlus
- (111) CDC
- (112) NINDS
- (113) NCBI Bookshelf
- (114) ClinVar
- (115) Gene Damage Index
- (116) HPO
- (117) UDN
- (118) VISTA
- (119) FANTOM5
- (120) ENCODE
- (121) ProSci
- (122) Horizon
- (123) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (124) IID
- (125) VectorBuilder
- (126) SNPedia
- (127) BRCA Exchange
- (128) CIViC
- (129) ProteoGenix
- (130) dbSUPER
- (131) TISSUES
- (132) Gene ORGANizer
- (133) abm
- (134) Human Protein Atlas
- (135) GWAS Catalog
- (136) Monarch Initiative
- (137) DataMed
- (138) HumanCyc
- (139) UCNEbase
- (140) EPDnew
- (141) Applied Biosystems
- (142) GlyConnect
- (143) Aminode
- (144) GeneCopoeia
- (145) GPS-Prot
- (146) RNAcentral
- (147) LncRNADisease
- (148) LOVD
- (149) miR2Disease
- (150) DiseaseEnhancer
- (151) Boster Bio
- (152) Biorbyt
- (153) Biocompare
- (154) Mastermind
- (155) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (156) CraniofacialAtlas
- (157) GeneImprint
- (158) Synthego
- (159) ENA
- (160) GtRNAdb
- (161) LncBase
- (162) LncBook
- (163) LNCipedia
- (164) Modomics
- (165) PDBe
- (166) Rfam
- (167) SILVA
- (168) snOPY
- (169) SRPDB
- (170) GENCODE
- (171) TarBase
- (172) Open Targets Platform
- (173) 5SRRNADB
- (174) snoDB
- (175) MirGeneDB
- (176) Alliance of Genome Resources