Aliases for MRPL21 Gene
Aliases for MRPL21 Gene
External Ids for MRPL21 Gene
- HGNC: 14479
- Entrez Gene: 219927
- Ensembl: ENSG00000197345
- OMIM: 611834
- UniProtKB: Q7Z2W9
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for MRPL21 Gene
- GC00U990877
- GC11M068434
- GC11M068415
- GC11M068658
- GC11M064998
Summaries for MRPL21 Gene
-
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis although some may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for MRPL21 Gene
MRPL21 (Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L21) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Organelle biogenesis and maintenance and Mitochondrial translation. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include structural constituent of ribosome.
Additional gene information for MRPL21 Gene
No data available for CIViC summary , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for MRPL21 Gene
Genomics for MRPL21 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for MRPL21 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for MRPL21 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around MRPL21 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the MRPL21 gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for MRPL21 Gene
Genomic Locations for MRPL21 Gene
- chr11:68,891,272-68,903,835
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 12,564 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr11:68,658,744-68,671,303
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for MRPL21 Gene
Genes around MRPL21 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 11q13.3 by Ensembl
- 11q13.3 by Entrez Gene
- 11q13.3 by HGNC
MRPL21 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for MRPL21 Gene
Proteins for MRPL21 Gene
-
Protein details for MRPL21 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q7Z2W9-RM21_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- 39S ribosomal protein L21, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- Q7Z2W9
- A6NKU0
- C9JPR2
Protein attributes for MRPL21 Gene
- Size:
- 205 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 22815 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature mammalian 55S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (28S) and a large (39S) subunit. The 28S small subunit contains a 12S ribosomal RNA (12S mt-rRNA) and 30 different proteins. The 39S large subunit contains a 16S rRNA (16S mt-rRNA), a copy of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (mt-tRNA(Val)), which plays an integral structural role, and 52 different proteins.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAH55088.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for MRPL21 Gene
Protein Expression for MRPL21 Gene
Post-translational modifications for MRPL21 Gene
Other Protein References for MRPL21 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
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- GeneTex MRPL21 antibody for MRPL21
Protein Products
-
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- antibodies-online: Search results for 5 available MRPL21 Proteins ranked by validation data
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-
Quality Products:
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for MRPL21
-
Abcam proteins for MRPL21
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for MRPL21 Gene
Domains & Families for MRPL21 Gene
Gene Families for MRPL21 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
- Ribosomal proteins
Protein Domains for MRPL21 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for MRPL21 Gene
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q7Z2W9- Family:
-
- Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Function for MRPL21 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for MRPL21 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | HDA | 22681889 |
| GO:0003735 | structural constituent of ribosome | IBA | -- |
Animal Model Products
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-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for MRPL21 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MRPL21 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MRPL21
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MRPL21
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-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MRPL21
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miRNA for MRPL21 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target MRPL21
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MRPL21
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for MRPL21
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-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MRPL21 gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MRPL21
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for MRPL21
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for MRPL21 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for MRPL21 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MRPL21 gene
No data available for Molecular function , Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Phenotypes , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for MRPL21 Gene
Localization for MRPL21 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for MRPL21 Gene
- Mitochondrion.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
- Mitochondria (2)
- Nucleoplasm (2)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005622 | intracellular | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005743 | mitochondrial inner membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005762 | mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit | IDA | 25278503 |
| GO:0005840 | ribosome | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for MRPL21 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mitochondrial translation | ||
| 2 | Viral mRNA Translation |
.55
|
|
| 3 | Organelle biogenesis and maintenance | ||
Pathways by source for MRPL21 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for MRPL21 Gene
Interacting Proteins for MRPL21 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000354580
Q7Z2W9-RM21_HUMAN
for MRPL21 Gene via
STRING
IID
MINT
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006412 | translation | IEA | -- |
| GO:0070125 | mitochondrial translational elongation | TAS | -- |
| GO:0070126 | mitochondrial translational termination | TAS | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for MRPL21 Gene
Transcripts for MRPL21 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for MRPL21 Gene
- (5) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (3) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (165) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (8) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for MRPL21 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for MRPL21
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for MRPL21
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for MRPL21
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for MRPL21
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for MRPL21
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for MRPL21
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For MRPL21
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for MRPL21 gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for MRPL21
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for MRPL21
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for MRPL21
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for MRPL21
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | · | 4c | · | 4d | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | · | 6d | · | 6e | ^ | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | - |
Expression for MRPL21 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Pancreas (9.8), Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (7.4), Lung (6.8), and Breast (6.3).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for MRPL21 Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of MRPL21 Gene:
MRPL21SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for MRPL21 Gene:
Hs.503047Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for MRPL21 Gene
- Nervous system(3)
- Intestine(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for MRPL21
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for MRPL21
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for MRPL21 Gene
Orthologs for MRPL21 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | MRPL21 33 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Mrpl21 33 16 34 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | MRPL21 33 34 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | MRPL21 33 34 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Mrpl21 33 |
|
||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | MRPL21 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | MRPL21 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | MRPL21 33 34 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | MRPL21 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | mrpl21 33 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.10281 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | mrpl21 33 34 |
|
||
| Dr.13693 33 |
|
||||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.14177 33 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | mRpL21 33 34 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP012030 33 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | mrpl-21 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.11033 34 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for MRPL21 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for MRPL21 Gene
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for MRPL21 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for MRPL21 Gene
Variants for MRPL21 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 11 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs117368938 | likely-benign, benign, Spinal muscular atrophy, not specified | 68,903,925(-) | C/A | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1249463 | benign, not specified, Spinal muscular atrophy, Spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 1 | 68,904,009(-) | T/C | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs4930624 | benign, not specified, Spinal muscular atrophy | 68,903,951(-) | C/T | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs57258566 | likely-benign, Spinal muscular atrophy | 68,903,885(-) | T/C | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs752980392 | uncertain-significance, Spinal muscular atrophy | 68,903,949(-) | G/A | upstream_transcript_variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
77.6% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.46;
43.24% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for MRPL21 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- MRPL21
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for MRPL21 Gene
Disorders for MRPL21 Gene
Additional Disease Information for MRPL21
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No disorders were found for MRPL21 Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for MRPL21 Gene
Publications for MRPL21 Gene
- Structure of the large ribosomal subunit from human mitochondria. (PMID: 25278503) Brown A … Ramakrishnan V (Science (New York, N.Y.) 2014) 3 4 58
- Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression. (PMID: 20877624) Hendrickson SL … O'Brien SJ (PloS one 2010) 3 44 58
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PMID: 15489334) Gerhard DS … MGC Project Team (Genome research 2004) 3 4 58
- The large subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Analysis of the complement of ribosomal proteins present. (PMID: 11551941) Koc EC … Spremulli LL (The Journal of biological chemistry 2001) 2 3 58
- Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. (PMID: 28514442) Huttlin EL … Harper JW (Nature 2017) 3 58
Products for MRPL21 Gene
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- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for MRPL21
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for MRPL21
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for MRPL21
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- antibodies-online: Search results for 29 available MRPL21 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- antibodies-online: Search results for available MRPL21 related products ranked by validation data
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- Quality Products:
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- Search ViGene Biosciences for MRPL21
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available MRPL21 gene related products
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Sources for MRPL21 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
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