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There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
LIMK2 (LIM Domain Kinase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with LIMK2 include Williams-Beuren Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Androgen receptor signaling pathway and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is LIMK1.
LIM kinases (LIMKs), EC 2.7.11.1, are dual specificity kinases (serine/threonine and tyrosine), which phosphorylate and inactivate cofilin (a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics). There are two isoforms of LIMK: LIMK1 and LIMK2.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0004674 | protein serine/threonine kinase activity | IBA,TAS | 8537403 |
GO:0004864 | protein phosphatase inhibitor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 22328514 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005634 | nucleus | IBA,TAS | 8954941 |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IBA,TAS | 8537403 |
GO:0005801 | cis-Golgi network | IEA | -- |
GO:0005813 | centrosome | IDA | 25849865 |
GO:0005819 | spindle | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Semaphorin interactions | ||
2 | Actin Nucleation by ARP-WASP Complex |
Actin Nucleation and Branching
.66
CDC42 Pathway
.41
|
RhoA Pathway
.35
|
3 | EPH-Ephrin signaling |
Cytoskeleton remodeling Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility
.35
|
|
4 | Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts |
Rac1 Pathway
.65
|
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
|
5 | fMLP Pathway |
CCR3 Pathway in Eosinophils
.44
|
Internalin Pathway
.31
|
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001934 | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | IMP | 25849865 |
GO:0006468 | protein phosphorylation | IDA | 22328514 |
GO:0007283 | spermatogenesis | IEA | -- |
GO:0016310 | phosphorylation | TAS | 8537403 |
GO:0030036 | actin cytoskeleton organization | IBA | 21873635 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADP |
|
58-64-0 |
|
|||
SR 7826 |
|
1219728-20-7 |
|
|
||
T 5601640 |
|
924473-59-6 |
|
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
LIMKi 3 | LIMK2 inhibitor | 1338247-35-0 |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | · | 4c | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | · | 9c | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | ^ | 12 | ^ | 13 | ^ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP7: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP8: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP9: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP10: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP11: | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP12: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP13: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP14: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP15: |
ExUns: | 14a | · | 14b | · | 14c | ^ | 15a | · | 15b | ^ | 16a | · | 16b | ^ | 17 | ^ | 18a | · | 18b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | ||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
SP5: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP7: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP8: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP9: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP10: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP11: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP12: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP13: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP14: | |||||||||||||||||||
SP15: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | LIMK2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | LIMK2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | LIMK2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Limk2 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Limk2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | LIMK2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | LIMK2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | LIMK2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | limk2 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | limk2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | LIMK1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | kin-21 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
Y52D5A.2 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
K09B11.5 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
T25B9.5 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Y69E1A.3 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 22 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs114531016 | Benign: not provided | 31,267,889(+) |
G/A NM_005569.4(LIMK2):c.1242G>A (p.Lys414=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
rs2229874 | - |
p.Arg381His |
|||
rs34875793 | - |
p.Pro296Arg |
|||
rs34930775 | - |
p.Arg213Cys |
|||
rs35422808 | - |
p.Arg418Cys |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
esv2543296 | CNV | insertion | 19546169 |
esv3436353 | CNV | duplication | 20981092 |
nsv1110864 | OTHER | inversion | 24896259 |
nsv1125754 | CNV | tandem duplication | 24896259 |
nsv459871 | CNV | loss | 19166990 |
nsv588893 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv962787 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
williams-beuren syndrome |
|
|