LHB Gene (Protein Coding)

Luteinizing Hormone Subunit Beta

GC19M049015
GIFtS:
40
This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and an unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. LH is expressed in the pituitary gland and promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and o... See more...

Aliases for LHB Gene

Aliases for LHB Gene

  • Luteinizing Hormone Subunit Beta 2 3 4
  • Luteinizing Hormone Beta Polypeptide 2 3 5
  • Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone, Beta Chain 2 3
  • Lutropin Subunit Beta 3 4
  • Lutropin Beta Chain 3 4
  • LSH-Beta 3 4
  • LSH-B 3 4
  • Luteinizing Hormone Beta Subunit 3
  • Lutropin, Beta Chain 2
  • CGB4 3
  • HH23 3
  • LH-B 4

External Ids for LHB Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for LHB Gene

  • GC19M050177
  • GC19M049887
  • GC19M054195
  • GC19M054211
  • GC19M049519
  • GC19M045895

Summaries for LHB Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for LHB Gene

  • This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and an unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. LH is expressed in the pituitary gland and promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids. The genes for the beta chains of chorionic gonadotropin and for luteinizing hormone are contiguous on chromosome 19q13.3. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadism which is characterized by infertility and pseudohermaphroditism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for LHB Gene

LHB (Luteinizing Hormone Subunit Beta) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with LHB include Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism 23 Without Anosmia and Hypogonadism. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Metabolism of proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include signaling receptor binding and hormone activity. An important paralog of this gene is CGB7.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for LHB Gene

  • Promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids.

Gene Wiki entry for LHB Gene

Additional gene information for LHB Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for LHB Gene

Genomics for LHB Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for LHB Gene

Promoters and enhancers for LHB Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier GH Type GH
Score		 GH Sources Gene Association Score Total Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor
Binding Sites		 Gene Targets
GH19J049018 Promoter/Enhancer 1.4 FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE 500.7 -1.6 -1611 3 HNRNPK CTCF POLR2G ZIC2 ZNF423 ZBTB26 REST KLF7 MYC RUNX1 ENSG00000268655 LHB LOC101059948 RUVBL2 CGB3 GYS1 CGB7 NTF4
GH19J049017 Promoter 0.5 EPDnew 500.7 0.0 -20 0.1 EGR1 POLR2A LHB ENSG00000268655 GYS1 RUVBL2 CGB7 NTF4 LOC101059948
GH19J049012 Enhancer 0.9 Ensembl ENCODE 0.7 +3.0 3028 2.2 ZBTB10 TOE1 ATF2 CREB1 POLR2G ATF3 FOSL1 ZFHX2 NR2F1 KLF17 ENSG00000268655 CGB3 CGB7 NTF4 KCNA7 LIN7B C19orf73 PPFIA3 RUVBL2 NUCB1
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around LHB on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for LHB

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the LHB gene promoter:
  • AhR
  • Egr-3
  • GATA-1
  • NF-1
  • NF-1/L
  • Pax-5
  • RREB-1

Genomic Locations for LHB Gene

Genomic Locations for LHB Gene
chr19:49,015,980-49,017,090
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
1,111 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand
chr19:49,519,237-49,520,347
(GRCh37/hg19)
Size:
1,111 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for LHB Gene

Genes around LHB on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
LHB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for LHB Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for LHB Gene

Proteins for LHB Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for LHB Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P01229-LSHB_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Lutropin subunit beta
    Protein Accession:
    P01229
    Secondary Accessions:
    • Q9UDI0

    Protein attributes for LHB Gene

    Size:
    141 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    15345 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Heterodimer of a common alpha chain and a unique beta chain which confers biological specificity to thyrotropin, lutropin, follitropin and gonadotropin.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for LHB Gene

neXtProt entry for LHB Gene

Post-translational modifications for LHB Gene

  • Glycosylation at Asn50
  • Glycosylation from GlyConnect
    • LSHB_HUMAN (350)

Other Protein References for LHB Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibody Products

  • Boster Bio Antibodies for LHB

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for LHB Gene

Domains & Families for LHB Gene

Gene Families for LHB Gene

HGNC:
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Cancer-related genes
  • Disease related genes
  • Predicted secreted proteins

Protein Domains for LHB Gene

Blocks:
  • Growth factor cystine knot superfamily signature
  • Gonadotropin, beta chain
  • Cystine knot domain
InterPro:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for LHB Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Luteinizing hormone beta subunit (A7Y161_HUMAN)
  • Luteinizing hormone subunit beta (LSHB_HUMAN)
  • Luteinizing hormone beta subunit (Q8WXL0_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P01229

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

LSHB_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with LHB: view

Function for LHB Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
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  6. Cell Line

Molecular function for LHB Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids.
GENATLAS Biochemistry:
luteinizing hormone,beta polypeptide (see CGB@),whith a common genetic variant-leading in the heterozygous or homozygous type to slight but significant alterations in ovarian steroido genesis,delayed progression of puberty in males

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for LHB Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for LHB Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding TAS 10484773
GO:0005179 contributes_to hormone activity IBA 21873635
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with LHB: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with LHB: view

Human Phenotype Ontology for LHB Gene

HPO Id HPO Name Alternative Ids Definition Synonyms

Animal Models for LHB Gene

MGI Knock Outs for LHB:
  • Lhb Lhb<tm1Kmr>

Animal Model Products

CRISPR Products

Clone Products

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for LHB Gene

Localization for LHB Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for LHB Gene

Secreted.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for LHB gene
Compartment Confidence
extracellular 5
golgi apparatus 4
plasma membrane 2
nucleus 2
cytoskeleton 1
mitochondrion 1
endoplasmic reticulum 1
endosome 1
cytosol 1

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Cytosol (2)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for LHB Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region TAS --
GO:0005615 extracellular space IBA 21873635
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IBA 21873635
GO:0005796 Golgi lumen TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with LHB: view

Pathways & Interactions for LHB Gene

PathCards logo

SuperPathways for LHB Gene

SuperPathway Contained pathways
1 Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
.85
Mitochondrial Apoptosis
.85
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
.84
p53 Mediated Apoptosis
.84
DHA Signaling
.74
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
.72
PPAR Pathway
.66
Rac1 Pathway
.65
Glioma Invasiveness
.64
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
ERK5 Signaling
.61
eIF2 Pathway
.60
Rap1 Pathway
.57
Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
.57
2 GPCR Pathway
Paxillin Interactions
.73
Ras Pathway
.73
GPCR Pathway
.62
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
.59
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
.58
NFAT in Immune Response
.58
Estrogen Pathway
.55
3 ERK Signaling
ERK Signaling
.61
Rho Family GTPases
.61
MAPK Signaling
.58
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
.51
ILK Signaling
.49
4 Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
GSK3 Signaling
.61
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
.61
14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
.59
eNOS Signaling
.48
5 CREB Pathway
CREB Pathway
.68
IP3 Pathway
.68
Activation of PKC through GPCR
.63
Intracellular Calcium Signaling
.50
genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with LHB: view

Pathways by source for LHB Gene

1 BioSystems pathway for LHB Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for LHB Gene
  • Development Role of Activin A in cell differentiation and proliferation
55 Qiagen pathways for LHB Gene
  • 14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
  • Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
  • Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
  • Activation of PKA through GPCR
  • Activation of PKC through GPCR
;

SIGNOR curated interactions for LHB Gene

Activates:
Is activated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for LHB Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0006701 progesterone biosynthetic process TAS 14557487
GO:0007165 signal transduction TAS 10484773
GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS --
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling TAS 10484773
GO:0008584 male gonad development TAS 6785294
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with LHB: view

Drugs & Compounds for LHB Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(1) Additional Compounds for LHB Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with LHB: view

Transcripts for LHB Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone

mRNA/cDNA for LHB Gene

1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

CRISPR Products

Clone Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for LHB Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for LHB Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
LHB

Expression for LHB Gene

Products:

  1. Primer
  2. Gene Expression Assay

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for LHB Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for LHB Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for LHB GenemRNA expression by GTEx for LHB Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for LHB Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Pituitary (x52.1).

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for LHB

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for LHB Gene:

Hs.154704

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for LHB Gene:

P01229-LSHB_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Pituitary gland.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for LHB Gene

  • Nervous system(4.6)
  • Muscle(2.3)

Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for LHB Gene

Germ Layers:
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
Systems:
  • endocrine
  • integumentary
  • nervous
  • reproductive
Regions:
Head and neck:
  • brain
  • head
  • pituitary gland
Thorax:
  • breast
Pelvis:
  • ovary
  • penis
  • prostate
  • testicle
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • vulva
General:
  • hair
  • skin
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with LHB: view

No data available for Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression and Protein tissue co-expression partners for LHB Gene

Orthologs for LHB Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for LHB Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia LHB 31 30
  • 98.11 (n)
 OneToOne
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia LHB 31 30
  • 82.98 (n)
 OneToMany
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia LHB 31 30
  • 82.27 (n)
 OneToMany
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Lhb 30
  • 79.91 (n)
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Lhb 17 31 30
  • 78.96 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia LHB 31
  • 59 (a)
 OneToMany
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia -- 31
  • 37 (a)
 OneToMany
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia LOC100490615 30
  • 51.82 (n)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii lhb 31 30
  • 54.95 (n)
 OneToMany
Species where no ortholog for LHB was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • chicken (Gallus gallus)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for LHB Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for LHB (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for LHB (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for LHB: view image

Paralogs for LHB Gene

Paralogs for LHB Gene

(8) SIMAP similar genes for LHB Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:

  • LSHB_HUMAN
  • A7Y161_HUMAN
  • Q8WXL0_HUMAN
genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with LHB: view

Variants for LHB Gene

Products:

  1. SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay

Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for LHB Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 19 pos Variation AA Info Type
714891 Benign: not provided 49,016,305(-) G/C SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT
721564 Likely Benign: not provided 49,016,232(-) G/A MISSENSE_VARIANT
759653 Likely Benign: not provided 49,016,284(-) C/T SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT
769028 Benign: not provided 49,016,261(-) G/T MISSENSE_VARIANT
769029 Benign: not provided 49,017,058(-) T/C INTRON_VARIANT

Additional dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for LHB Gene

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for LHB Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv3618n100 CNV gain 25217958
esv22462 CNV gain 19812545
nsv471416 CNV gain 19718026
nsv833857 CNV loss 17160897
nsv833859 CNV loss 17160897
nsv953598 CNV deletion 24416366
nsv9739 CNV gain+loss 18304495

Variation tolerance for LHB Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 87.5% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 3.37; 53.95% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for LHB Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
LHB
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
LHB

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for LHB Gene

Disorders for LHB Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(10) MalaCards diseases for LHB Gene - From: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, OMIM, ClinVar, Orphanet, DISEASES, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia
  • hh23
hypogonadism
infertility
amenorrhea
  • absence of menstruation
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  • congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search LHB in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

LSHB_HUMAN
  • Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia (HH23) [MIM:228300]: A form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a group of disorders characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. HH23 male patients have normal sexual differentiation, reduced or absent Leydig cells, reduced or absent spermatogenesis, and absence of spontaneous puberty. Female patients exhibit normal pubertal development and menarche, followed by oligomenorrhea and anovulatory secondary amenorrhea. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:1727547}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Genatlas disease for LHB Gene

fertile eunuchoidism,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,male infantilism,male infertility in heterozygotes but normal sexual development and fertility in female heterozygotes

Additional Disease Information for LHB

Genetic Association Database
(GAD)
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with LHB: view

Publications for LHB Gene

  1. Human pituitary lutropin. Isolation, properties, and the complete amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit. (PMID: 1191677) Sairam MR … Li CH (Biochimica et biophysica acta 1975) 2 3 4 54
  2. A large-scale candidate gene association study of age at menarche and age at natural menopause. (PMID: 20734064) He C … Hunter DJ (Human genetics 2010) 3 41 54
  3. Luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene (LHbeta) polymorphism in infertility and endometriosis-associated infertility. (PMID: 20430510) Mafra FA … Barbosa CP (European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2010) 3 41 54
  4. Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome. (PMID: 19598235) Chakrabarti B … Baron-Cohen S (Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 2009) 3 41 54
  5. Quantitative trait loci predicting circulating sex steroid hormones in men from the NCI-Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). (PMID: 19574343) Ahn J … Hayes RB (Human molecular genetics 2009) 3 41 54

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for LHB gene in Mastermind

Products for LHB Gene

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  • Signalway Proteins for LHB

Sources for LHB Gene