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This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas... See more...
Aliases for KRAS Gene
Aliases for KRAS Gene
- KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase 2 3 5
- V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 3
- Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 3
- GTPase KRas 3 4
- C-Ki-Ras 3 4
- K-Ras 2 3 4
- KRAS1 2 3
- KRAS2 3 4
- RASK2 3 4
- V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2
- Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene 3
- Cellular Transforming Proto-Oncogene 3
- Cellular C-Ki-Ras2 Proto-Oncogene 3
- Transforming Protein P21 3
- PR310 C-K-Ras Oncogene 3
- C-Kirsten-Ras Protein 3
- K-Ras P21 Protein 3
- Oncogene KRAS2 3
External Ids for KRAS Gene
- HGNC: 6407
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 3845
- Ensembl: ENSG00000133703
- OMIM®: 190070
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P01116
Previous HGNC Symbols for KRAS Gene
- KRAS2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for KRAS Gene
- GC12M025250
- GC12M025358
- GC12M025128
Summaries for KRAS Gene
-
This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and colorectal carcinoma. Alternative splicing leads to variants encoding two isoforms that differ in the C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
-
Mutations in the RAS family of proteins are frequently observed across cancer types. The amino acid positions that account for the overwhelming majority of these mutations are G12, G13 and Q61. The different protein isoforms, despite their raw similarity, also behave very differently when expressed in non-native tissue types, likely due to differences in the C-terminal hyper-variable regions. Mis-regulation of isoform expression has been shown to be a driving event in cancer, as well as missense mutations at the three hotspots previously mentioned. While highly recurrent in cancer, attempts to target these RAS mutants with inhibitors have not been successful, and has not yet become common practice in the clinic. The prognostic implications for KRAS mutations vary between cancer types, but have been shown to be associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and others.
GeneCards Summary for KRAS Gene
KRAS (KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with KRAS include Oculoectodermal Syndrome and Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome. Among its related pathways are MAPK Signaling: Oxidative Stress Pathway and Bladder cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding. An important paralog of this gene is NRAS.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for KRAS Gene
-
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (PubMed:20949621). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:23698361, PubMed:22711838). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (PubMed:24623306).
Additional gene information for KRAS Gene
- HGNC (6407)
- NCBI Entrez Gene (3845)
- Ensembl (ENSG00000133703)
- OMIM® (190070)
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01116)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000133703)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for KRAS at DataMed
- Search for KRAS at HumanCyc
No data available for Tocris Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for KRAS Gene
Genomics for KRAS Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for KRAS Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around KRAS on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for KRAS
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the KRAS gene promoter:
-
- ATF-2
- c-Jun
- TBP
Genomic Locations for KRAS Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr12:25,205,246-25,250,936
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 45,691 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr12:25,358,180-25,403,863
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 45,684 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr12:25,357,723-25,403,870
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
- Size:
- 46,148 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for KRAS Gene
Genes around KRAS on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12p12.1 by HGNC
- 12p12.1 by Entrez Gene
- 12p12.1 by Ensembl
KRAS Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for KRAS Gene
Proteins for KRAS Gene
-
Protein details for KRAS Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P01116-RASK_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- GTPase KRas
- Protein Accession:
- P01116
- A8K8Z5
- B0LPF9
- P01118
- Q96D10
Protein attributes for KRAS Gene
- Size:
- 189 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 21656 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with PHLPP. Interacts (active GTP-bound form preferentially) with RGS14 (By similarity). Interacts (when farnesylated) with PDE6D; this promotes dissociation from the cell membrane (PubMed:23698361). Interacts with SOS1 (PubMed:22431598). Interacts (when farnesylated) with GPR31 (PubMed:28619714).
- [Isoform 2B]: Interacts with GPR31; in a farnelysation-dependent manner.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for KRAS Gene
Alternative splice isoforms for KRAS Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
Protein Expression for KRAS Gene
Post-translational modifications for KRAS Gene
- Acetylation at Lys-104 prevents interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs).
- Ubiquitinated by the BCR(LZTR1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex at Lys-170 in a non-degradative manner, leading to inhibit Ras signaling by decreasing Ras association with membranes.
- (Microbial infection) Glucosylated at Thr-35 by P.sordellii toxin TcsL.
-
Ubiquitination at Lys88, Lys117, Lys128, and Lys170
- NX_P01116 (NX_P01116-1)
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
Other Protein References for KRAS Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
- LifeSpan BioSciences KRAS Antibody
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ KRAS Antibody
- NSJ Bioreagents KRAS Antibody
- GeneTex Anti-K-RAS antibody [AT2F8] and Anti-K-RAS antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for KRAS
- AM50616PU-N
- AM50616PU-S
- CF801107
- CF801168
- CF801224
- CF801226
- CF801227
- CF801243
- CF801244
- CF801371
- CF801397
- CF801672
- CF802564
- TA322688
- TA801107
- TA801107S
- TA801168
- TA801168S
- TA801224
- TA801224S
- TA801226
- TA801226S
- TA801227
- TA801227S
- TA801243
- TA801243S
- TA801244
- TA801244S
- TA801371
- TA801371S
- TA801397
- TA801397S
- TA801672
- TA801672S
- TA802564
- TA802564S
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for KRAS
-
Abcam antibodies for KRAS
- Invitrogen Antibodies for KRAS (AFLGC-KRAS)
- antibodies-online: Show 121 available K-RAS Antibodies ranked by validation data
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for KRAS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for KRAS
- Sino Biological Antibodies for KRAS
Protein products for research
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for KRAS
- Origene Custom Protein Services for KRAS
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for KRAS
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for KRAS
-
Abcam proteins for KRAS
Assay products for research
-
Abcam assays for KRAS
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for KRAS Gene
Domains & Families for KRAS Gene
Gene Families for KRAS Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Disease related genes
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for KRAS Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Transforming protein P21 RAS signature
- Ras small GTPase, Ras type
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for KRAS Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- K-ras (A5HC02_HUMAN)
- K-ras (A5HC03_HUMAN)
- K-ras (A5HC04_HUMAN)
- K-ras (A5HC05_HUMAN)
- K-ras (A5HC06_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P01116- Family:
-
- Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.
Function for KRAS Gene
Molecular function for KRAS Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (PubMed:20949621). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:23698361, PubMed:22711838). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (PubMed:24623306).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=GTP + H2O = GDP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:19669, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:37565, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:58189; EC=3.6.5.2; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:20949621};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Interaction with SOS1 promotes exchange of bound GDP by GTP.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for KRAS Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for KRAS Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0003924 | GTPase activity | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 12732644 |
| GO:0005525 | GTP binding | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0016787 | hydrolase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for KRAS Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for KRAS:
-
inferred from 18 alleles
- normal phenotype
- nervous system phenotype
- muscle phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- cellular phenotype
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- immune system phenotype
- respiratory system phenotype
- mortality/aging
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- neoplasm
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- reproductive system phenotype
- vision/eye phenotype
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- integument phenotype
- embryo phenotype
- pigmentation phenotype
- craniofacial phenotype
- no phenotypic analysis
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for KRAS:
-
- Decreased viability
- Increased viability
- no effect
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Decreased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
- Mildly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Reduced mammosphere formation
- shRNA abundance <= 25%
- Resistant to vaccinia virus (VACV-A4L) infection
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Negative genetic interaction between BLM-/- and BLM+/+
- Decreased TP53 protein expression ratio (wild-type / TP53 knockout cells)
- Decreased replication of vaccinia virus (VACV)
- Decreased viability in colon lineage; decreased viability in pancreas lineage
Animal Models for KRAS Gene
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for KRAS - Starting at $85 >
- * KRAS CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for KRAS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for KRAS
miRNA for KRAS Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target KRAS
-
- hsa-miR-18a-3p (MIRT000230)
- hsa-miR-143-3p (MIRT000312)
- hsa-let-7g-5p (MIRT000399)
- hsa-let-7a-5p (MIRT001855)
- hsa-miR-181c-5p (MIRT003210)
- hsa-miR-155-5p (MIRT005100)
- hsa-miR-96-5p (MIRT005553)
- mmu-miR-143-3p (MIRT006031)
- mmu-miR-145a-5p (MIRT006034)
- hsa-miR-216b-5p (MIRT006144)
- hsa-miR-622 (MIRT006220)
- hsa-miR-126-3p (MIRT006450)
- hsa-miR-217 (MIRT006501)
- mmu-miR-7b-5p (MIRT009223)
- mmu-miR-223-3p (MIRT009616)
- mmu-miR-17-5p (MIRT010011)
- hsa-miR-193b-3p (MIRT016516)
- hsa-miR-181a-5p (MIRT025201)
- hsa-miR-16-5p (MIRT053090)
- hsa-miR-134-5p (MIRT053135)
- mmu-miR-155-5p (MIRT053278)
- hsa-miR-224-5p (MIRT053521)
- hsa-miR-452-5p (MIRT053523)
- hsa-miR-152-3p (MIRT053524)
- hsa-miR-340-5p (MIRT053525)
- hsa-miR-433-3p (MIRT053561)
- rno-let-7a-5p (MIRT054813)
- hsa-miR-487b-3p (MIRT437854)
- hsa-miR-365a-3p (MIRT438022)
- hsa-miR-200c-3p (MIRT438025)
- hsa-miR-27a-3p (MIRT438156)
- hsa-miR-206 (MIRT438292)
- hsa-miR-4314 (MIRT502059)
- hsa-miR-6716-5p (MIRT502060)
- hsa-miR-6866-5p (MIRT502061)
- hsa-miR-3148 (MIRT502062)
- hsa-miR-6506-5p (MIRT502063)
- hsa-miR-619-5p (MIRT502064)
- hsa-miR-3192-5p (MIRT502065)
- hsa-miR-4646-5p (MIRT502066)
- hsa-miR-204-3p (MIRT502067)
- hsa-miR-330-5p (MIRT502068)
- hsa-miR-326 (MIRT502069)
- hsa-miR-6859-5p (MIRT502070)
- hsa-miR-3916 (MIRT502071)
- hsa-miR-3125 (MIRT502072)
- hsa-miR-892b (MIRT502073)
- hsa-miR-514a-5p (MIRT502074)
- hsa-miR-5582-3p (MIRT502075)
- hsa-miR-548x-3p (MIRT502076)
- hsa-miR-548j-3p (MIRT502077)
- hsa-miR-548aq-3p (MIRT502078)
- hsa-miR-548am-3p (MIRT502079)
- hsa-miR-548aj-3p (MIRT502080)
- hsa-miR-548ah-3p (MIRT502081)
- hsa-miR-548ae-3p (MIRT502082)
- hsa-miR-429 (MIRT502083)
- hsa-miR-200b-3p (MIRT502084)
- hsa-miR-193a-3p (MIRT502085)
- hsa-miR-183-5p (MIRT502086)
- hsa-miR-877-5p (MIRT502087)
- hsa-miR-5010-3p (MIRT562032)
- hsa-miR-642a-5p (MIRT562033)
- hsa-miR-642b-5p (MIRT562034)
- hsa-miR-124-5p (MIRT562035)
- hsa-miR-671-5p (MIRT562036)
- hsa-miR-873-5p (MIRT562037)
- hsa-miR-513c-3p (MIRT562038)
- hsa-miR-513a-3p (MIRT562039)
- hsa-miR-3606-3p (MIRT562040)
- hsa-miR-30e-3p (MIRT566990)
- hsa-miR-30d-3p (MIRT566991)
- hsa-miR-30a-3p (MIRT566992)
- hsa-miR-4666b (MIRT566993)
- hsa-let-7c-3p (MIRT566994)
- hsa-miR-4328 (MIRT566995)
- hsa-miR-4698 (MIRT566996)
- mmu-miR-495-3p (MIRT582736)
- mmu-miR-1192 (MIRT582737)
- mmu-miR-126a-5p (MIRT582738)
- mmu-miR-669a-3-3p (MIRT589691)
- mmu-miR-669a-3p (MIRT589692)
- mmu-miR-669o-3p (MIRT589693)
- hsa-miR-1-3p (MIRT731362)
- hsa-miR-199a-5p (MIRT731411)
- hsa-miR-543 (MIRT732188)
- hsa-miR-384 (MIRT732429)
- hsa-miR-4689 (MIRT734871)
- hsa-miR-613 (MIRT735405)
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for KRAS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For KRAS
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for KRAS
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for KRAS - Starting at $45 >
- * KRAS as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
-
- MG201779
- MR201779
- MR201779L1
- MR201779L2
- MR201779L3
- MR201779L4
- RC201958
- RC201958L1
- RC201958L2
- RC201958L3
- RC201958L4
- RC222697
- RC222697L1
- RC222697L2
- RC222697L3
- RC222697L4
- RG201958
- RG222697
- RR212693
- RR212693L3
- RR212693L4
- MR201779L1V
- MR201779L2V
- MR201779L3V
- MR201779L4V
- RC201958L1V
- RC201958L2V
- RC201958L3V
- RC201958L4V
- RC222697L1V
- RC222697L2V
- RC222697L3V
- RC222697L4V
- RR212693L3V
- RR212693L4V
- RC400104
- RC400105
- RC400106
- RC400107
- RC400108
- RC400109
- RC400110
- RC400111
- RC400112
- RC400113
- RC400114
- RC400115
- RC400116
- RC400117
- RC400118
- RC400119
- RC400120
- RC400121
- RC400122
- RC400123
- RC400124
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for KRAS
- Addgene plasmids for KRAS
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for KRAS
Cell Lines for research
-
Horizon Cell Lines for KRAS
- KRAS (G13D/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+9n) NCI-H838 cell lines
- KRAS (+/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (G12R/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12A/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12S/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12C/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+) NCI-H1975 cell lines
- KRAS (A146T/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (A59T/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (Q61H/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (+/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+/+/+) EBC-1 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+9n) NCI-H838 cell lines
- KRAS (G12C/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12A/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+) MCF10A cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12S/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12R/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/-) HCT116 cell lines
- KRAS (+/-) HCT116 cell lines
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS knockout cell line
No data available for Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for KRAS Gene
Localization for KRAS Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for KRAS Gene
- Cell membrane. Lipid-anchor. Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm, cytosol.
- [Isoform 2B]: Cell membrane. Lipid-anchor.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| mitochondrion | 4 |
| nucleus | 4 |
| extracellular | 3 |
| cytoskeleton | 3 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| endosome | 2 |
| lysosome | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 2 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA,IDA | 23698361 |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005925 | focal adhesion | HDA | 21423176 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for KRAS Gene
Pathways & Interactions for KRAS Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RET signaling |
.92
|
.92
|
| 2 | Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2 | ||
| 3 | IL-2 Pathway |
ErbB Family Pathway
.59
ErbB4 Pathway
.59
Prolactin Signaling
.54
Thrombopoietin Pathway
.51
ErbB2-ErbB3 Heterodimers
.49
IL-2 Pathway
.48
|
LPS Stimulated MAPK Signaling
.47
UVC-Induced MAPK Signaling
.44
TREM1 Pathway
.43
HMGB1 Pathway
.36
PI3K Signaling in B-Lymphocyte
.35
IL-4 Pathway
.34
|
| 4 | Common Cytokine Receptor Gamma-Chain Family Signaling Pathways | ||
| 5 | Endometrial cancer |
.36
.32
|
|
Pathways by source for KRAS Gene
8 Sino Biological pathways for KRAS Gene
20 BioSystems pathways for KRAS Gene
109 Reactome pathways for KRAS Gene
6 PharmGKB pathways for KRAS Gene
80 KEGG pathways for KRAS Gene
4 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for KRAS Gene
- Development EGFR signaling via small GTPases
- Development EPO-induced MAPK pathway
- G-protein signaling Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme)
- G-protein signaling_K-RAS regulation pathway
15 R&D Systems pathways for KRAS Gene
5 Tocris pathways for KRAS Gene
113 Qiagen pathways for KRAS Gene
- 14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
- Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA
- Activation of PKA through GPCR
- Agrin Interactions at Neuromuscular Junction
- Akt Signaling
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for KRAS Gene
2 GeneTex pathways for KRAS Gene
Interacting Proteins for KRAS Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P01116-RASK_HUMAN
ENSP00000256078
for KRAS Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for KRAS
SIGNOR curated interactions for KRAS Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | TAS | -- |
| GO:0001889 | liver development | IEA | -- |
| GO:0001934 | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | IMP | 22065586 |
| GO:0002223 | stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for KRAS Gene
(135) Drugs for KRAS Gene - From: DrugBank, PharmGKB, ClinicalTrials, ApexBio, DGIdb, HMDB, and Novoseek
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cetuximab | Approved | Pharma | Antibody, Biomarker, inhibitor | EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 894 | |
| Panitumumab | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | inhibitor, Biomarker, antibody | EGFR inhibitor, EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 245 | |
| Trametinib | Approved | Pharma | inhibitor, Biomarker | MEK 1/2 inhibitor, MEK Inhibitors, Kinase Inhibitors, Mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors | 212 | |
| Dabrafenib | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | BRAF kinase inhibitor, Kinase Inhibitors, Mutant BRAF Kinase | 133 | ||
| Fludarabine | Approved | Pharma | DNA synthsis inhibitor | 1611,1611 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
(9) ApexBio Compounds for KRAS Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| 6H05 | ||
| AMG-47A | destabilizer of the KRAS oncoprotein | 882663-88-9 |
| Deltarasin | KRAS-PDEδ interaction inhibitor | 1440898-61-2 |
| Deltarasin hydrochloride | inhibitor of KRAS-PDEδ interaction, potent and selective | 1440898-82-7 |
| Kobe0065 | Ras inhibitor | 436133-68-5 |
| kobe2602 | Ras inhibitor | 454453-49-7 |
| K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 | 1469337-95-8 | |
| K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 6 | K-Ras (G12C) inhibitor | |
| Salirasib | Inhibitor of active Ras protein | 162520-00-5 |
Transcripts for KRAS Gene
mRNA/cDNA for KRAS Gene
- 4 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 15 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000256078 5430 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000311936 5306 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000556131 1696 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000557334 1052 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for KRAS - Starting at $85 >
- * KRAS CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for KRAS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for KRAS
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for KRAS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For KRAS
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for KRAS
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for KRAS - Starting at $45 >
- * KRAS as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
-
- MG201779
- MR201779
- MR201779L1
- MR201779L2
- MR201779L3
- MR201779L4
- RC201958
- RC201958L1
- RC201958L2
- RC201958L3
- RC201958L4
- RC222697
- RC222697L1
- RC222697L2
- RC222697L3
- RC222697L4
- RG201958
- RG222697
- RR212693
- RR212693L3
- RR212693L4
- MR201779L1V
- MR201779L2V
- MR201779L3V
- MR201779L4V
- RC201958L1V
- RC201958L2V
- RC201958L3V
- RC201958L4V
- RC222697L1V
- RC222697L2V
- RC222697L3V
- RC222697L4V
- RR212693L3V
- RR212693L4V
- RC400104
- RC400105
- RC400106
- RC400107
- RC400108
- RC400109
- RC400110
- RC400111
- RC400112
- RC400113
- RC400114
- RC400115
- RC400116
- RC400117
- RC400118
- RC400119
- RC400120
- RC400121
- RC400122
- RC400123
- RC400124
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for KRAS
- Addgene plasmids for KRAS
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for KRAS
Relevant External Links for KRAS Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- KRAS
Expression for KRAS Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Mature Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
- Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Thyroid (Endocrine System)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Blood (Hematopoietic System)
This gene is overexpressed in Brain (12.2) and Tlymphocyte (8.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for KRAS Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for KRAS
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for KRAS Gene:
Hs.505033Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for KRAS Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Lung(4.7)
- Intestine(3.6)
- Thyroid gland(3.6)
- Liver(3.3)
- Pancreas(3.2)
- Lymph node(3.2)
- Blood(3.2)
- Skin(3.1)
- Kidney(3.1)
- Spleen(3)
- Stomach(3)
- Heart(3)
- Muscle(2.8)
- Bone marrow(2.8)
- Gall bladder(2.7)
- Adrenal gland(2.3)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for KRAS Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- cardiovascular
- digestive
- endocrine
- immune
- integumentary
- lymphatic
- nervous
- reproductive
- respiratory
- skeletal muscle
- skeleton
- urinary
Regions:
Head and neck:
- brain
- cerebellum
- cerebrospinal fluid
- cheek
- chin
- cranial nerve
- ear
- epiglottis
- eye
- eyelid
- face
- forehead
- head
- jaw
- larynx
- lip
- mandible
- maxilla
- meninges
- mouth
- neck
- nose
- outer ear
- scalp
- skull
- thyroid
- tongue
- tooth
- vocal cord
Thorax:
- aorta
- breast
- chest wall
- clavicle
- esophagus
- heart
- heart valve
- lung
- rib
- rib cage
- scapula
- sternum
- trachea
Abdomen:
- abdominal wall
- biliary tract
- gallbladder
- intestine
- kidney
- large intestine
- liver
- pancreas
- small intestine
- spleen
- stomach
Pelvis:
- anus
- ovary
- pelvis
- placenta
- rectum
- testicle
- ureter
- urethra
- urinary bladder
- uterus
Limb:
- ankle
- arm
- digit
- elbow
- femur
- fibula
- finger
- foot
- forearm
- hand
- hip
- humerus
- knee
- lower limb
- nail
- radius
- shin
- shoulder
- thigh
- tibia
- toe
- ulna
- upper limb
- wrist
General:
- blood
- blood vessel
- bone marrow
- coagulation system
- hair
- lymph node
- lymph vessel
- peripheral nerve
- peripheral nervous system
- red blood cell
- skin
- spinal column
- spinal cord
- sweat gland
- vertebrae
- white blood cell
Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for KRAS
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for KRAS
Gene Expression Assays for research
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for KRAS Gene
Orthologs for KRAS Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | KRAS 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | KRAS 30 |
|
||
| K-RAS 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | KRAS 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | KRAS 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | KRAS 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Kras 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Kras 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | KRAS 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100485959 30 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.24980 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | kras 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Ras85D 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP002219 30 |
|
||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | let-60 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | RAS1 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| RAS2 31 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for KRAS was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for KRAS Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for KRAS (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for KRAS (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for KRAS: view image
Paralogs for KRAS Gene
Paralogs for KRAS Gene
(87) SIMAP similar genes for KRAS Gene using alignment to 30 proteins:
- RASK_HUMAN
- A5HC02_HUMAN
- A5HC03_HUMAN
- A5HC04_HUMAN
- A5HC05_HUMAN
- A5HC06_HUMAN
- A5HC07_HUMAN
- A5HC08_HUMAN
- A5HC09_HUMAN
- A5HC10_HUMAN
- A5HC11_HUMAN
- A5HC12_HUMAN
- A5HC13_HUMAN
- A5HC14_HUMAN
- A5HC15_HUMAN
- A5HC16_HUMAN
- A5HC17_HUMAN
- A5HC18_HUMAN
- A5HC19_HUMAN
- A5HC20_HUMAN
- A5HC21_HUMAN
- A5HC23_HUMAN
- A5HC24_HUMAN
- A5HC25_HUMAN
- A5HC26_HUMAN
- E5FF39_HUMAN
- G3V4K2_HUMAN
- G3V5T7_HUMAN
- L7RSL8_HUMAN
- Q71SP6_HUMAN
- N-ras
- K-RAS
- c-bas/has
- HRAS
- H-RAS
- K-ras
- NRAS
- RAP1B
- RALA
- RAP2A
- RIT2
- RRAS2
- RALB
- RIT1
- DKFZp547A0616
- RERG
- RAP1A
- RAP2C
- MRAS
- RHEB
- RAP2B
- RAB1C
- RAB1B
- RRAS
- RAB1A
- ERAS
- RAB37
- RAB5C
- RAB33B
- DIRAS1
- RHEBL1
- RAB3C
- RAB10
- RAB5B
- RAB8A
- RAB8B
- RAB19
- DIRAS2
- RAB13
- RAB26
- RAB5A
- RAB3B
- RAB39B
- RAB17
- RASL11B
- RAB9A
- RAB42
- RAB2B
- RAB11A
- RASL12
- RAB7B
- RAB6A
- RAB2A
- RAB12
- DKFZp313C1541
- RAB7A
- RAB35
- RAB15
- RAB11B
- RAB30
- RAB21
- RAB18
- RHOJ
- REM2
- RAB43
- RAB9B
- RAB39A
- RAB27B
- RAB25
- RAB14
- RAB4B
- RAB4A
- RAB6B
- RAB31
- RASL11A
- RASEF
- RAB44
- RHOC
- NKIRAS1
- RAB27A
- RHOB
- RAB41
- NKIRAS2
- RHOG
- RAB22A
- ARHG
- RHOA
Variants for KRAS Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for KRAS Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 12 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 873193 | Uncertain Significance: Squamous cell lung carcinoma | 25,225,823(-) |
T/C NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.291-50A>G |
INTRON | |
| 883635 | Uncertain Significance: Noonan syndrome 3 | 25,245,266(-) |
A/C NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.111+8T>G |
INTRON | |
| 929160 | Uncertain Significance: not specified | 25,227,304(-) |
T/G NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.220A>C (p.Thr74Pro) |
MISSENSE | |
| 931154 | Uncertain Significance: Toriello-Lacassie-Droste syndrome | 25,209,825(-) |
CTTT/C NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.534_536del (p.Lys180del) |
INFRAME_DELETION,THREE_PRIME_UTR | |
| 935432 | Uncertain Significance: Rasopathy | 25,209,875(-) |
T/C NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.487A>G (p.Ile163Val) |
MISSENSE_VARIANT,THREE_PRIME_UTR |
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv3580196 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
| esv3628892 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv1048631 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv470279 | CNV | gain | 18288195 |
| nsv522233 | CNV | loss | 19592680 |
| nsv557798 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
37.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.13;
2.86% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
