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IL31, which is made principally by activated Th2-type T cells, interacts with a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL31RA (MIM 609510) and OSMR (MIM 601743) that is constitutively expressed on epithelial cells and keratinocytes. IL31 may be involved in the promotion of allergic skin disorders and in regulating other allergic diseases, such as asthma (Dillon et al., 2004 [PubM... See more...
Aliases for IL31 Gene
External Ids for IL31 Gene
- HGNC: 19372
- Entrez Gene: 386653
- Ensembl: ENSG00000204671
- OMIM: 609509
- UniProtKB: Q6EBC2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for IL31 Gene
- GC00U914001
- GC12U900495
- GC12M121222
- GC12M122656
- GC12M119617
Summaries for IL31 Gene
-
IL31, which is made principally by activated Th2-type T cells, interacts with a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL31RA (MIM 609510) and OSMR (MIM 601743) that is constitutively expressed on epithelial cells and keratinocytes. IL31 may be involved in the promotion of allergic skin disorders and in regulating other allergic diseases, such as asthma (Dillon et al., 2004 [PubMed 15184896]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
GeneCards Summary for IL31 Gene
IL31 (Interleukin 31) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with IL31 include Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Contact Dermatitis. Among its related pathways are PEDF Induced Signaling and Innate Immune System. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for IL31 Gene
-
Activates STAT3 and possibly STAT1 and STAT5 through the IL31 heterodimeric receptor composed of IL31RA and OSMR (PubMed:15184896). May function in skin immunity (PubMed:15184896). Enhances myeloid progenitor cell survival in vitro (By similarity). Induces RETNLA and serum amyloid A protein expression in macrophages (By similarity).
Additional gene information for IL31 Gene
- HGNC(19372)
- Entrez Gene(386653)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000204671)
- OMIM(609509)
- UniProtKB(Q6EBC2)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000204671)
- Search for IL31 at DataMed
- Search for IL31 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for IL31 Gene
Genomics for IL31 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for IL31 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around IL31 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for IL31
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the IL31 gene promoter:
-
- AP-1
- ATF-2
- c-Jun
- FOXJ2
- HFH-1
- STAT1
- STAT1alpha
- STAT1beta
- STAT3
- STAT5A
Genomic Locations for IL31 Gene
Genomic Locations for IL31 Gene
- chr12:122,172,029-122,174,221
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 2,193 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr12:122,656,577-122,658,746
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 2,170 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for IL31 Gene
Genes around IL31 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12q24.31 by HGNC
- 12q24.31 by Entrez Gene
- 12q24.31 by Ensembl
IL31 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for IL31 Gene
Proteins for IL31 Gene
-
Protein details for IL31 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q6EBC2-IL31_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Interleukin-31
- Protein Accession:
- Q6EBC2
- A2RUQ1
Protein attributes for IL31 Gene
- Size:
- 164 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 18205 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Post-translational modifications for IL31 Gene
-
Glycosylation at Asn67 and Asn100
- NX_Q6EBC2 (NX_Q6EBC2-1)
Other Protein References for IL31 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- LifeSpan BioSciences IL31 Antibody (LS-B575) and IL31 Antibody (LS-B7477)
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ IL31 Antibody
- SouthernBiotech Mouse Anti-Human IL-31-BIOT and Mouse Anti-Human IL-31-UNLB
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for IL31
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for IL31
-
Abcam antibodies for IL31
- Invitrogen Antibodies for IL31 (AFLGC-Il31)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for IL31
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for IL31
- Sino Biological Antibodies for IL31
Protein Products
- G Biosciences Human IL-31, Lyophilized
- RayBiotech Recombinant Human IL-31 protein
- BioLegend Recombinant Human IL-31 (ELISA Std.)
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for IL31
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for IL31
- Origene Custom Protein Services for IL31
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for IL31
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for IL31
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for IL31
-
ProSci Proteins for IL31
-
Abcam proteins for IL31
Assay Products
- RayBiotech Human IL-31 ELISA
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for IL31
-
Abcam assays for IL31
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for IL31 Gene
Domains & Families for IL31 Gene
Gene Families for IL31 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted secreted proteins
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for IL31 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Interleukin-31 (IL31_HUMAN)
No data available for Graphical View of Domain Structure and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for IL31 Gene
Function for IL31 Gene
Molecular function for IL31 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Activates STAT3 and possibly STAT1 and STAT5 through the IL31 heterodimeric receptor composed of IL31RA and OSMR (PubMed:15184896). May function in skin immunity (PubMed:15184896). Enhances myeloid progenitor cell survival in vitro (By similarity). Induces RETNLA and serum amyloid A protein expression in macrophages (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- Up-regulated in skin homing T-cells of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and in activated circulating T-cells. Up-regulated in lesional biopsies of patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for IL31 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005126 | cytokine receptor binding | IBA | 21873635 |
Phenotypes for IL31 Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for IL31:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for IL31 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * IL31 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for IL31
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for IL31
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for IL31
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for IL31
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for IL31 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * IL31 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for IL31
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for IL31
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for IL31 Gene
Localization for IL31 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for IL31 Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IDA | 21182835 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for IL31 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for IL31 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cytokine Signaling in Immune system | ||
| 2 | PEDF Induced Signaling | ||
| 3 | Th2 Differentiation | ||
| 4 | Innate Immune System |
.61
|
|
Pathways by source for IL31 Gene
3 Reactome pathways for IL31 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for IL31 Gene
1 R&D Systems pathway for IL31 Gene
Interacting Proteins for IL31 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q6EBC2-IL31_HUMAN
ENSP00000366234
for IL31 Gene via
UniProtKB
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for IL31
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0002376 | immune system process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0019221 | cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for IL31 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Drug Products
- G Biosciences Human IL-31, Lyophilized
- RayBiotech Recombinant Human IL-31 protein
- BioLegend Recombinant Human IL-31 (ELISA Std.)
Transcripts for IL31 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for IL31 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 3 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000377035 927 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for IL31 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * IL31 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for IL31
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for IL31
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for IL31
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for IL31
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for IL31 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * IL31 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for IL31
Relevant External Links for IL31 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- IL31
Expression for IL31 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for IL31 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Testis (x38.2), Muscle - Skeletal (x9.3), and Brain - Hypothalamus (x5.4).
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for IL31
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for IL31 Gene:
Hs.569071mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for IL31 Gene:
Q6EBC2-IL31_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Detected at low levels in testis, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, kidney, colon, thymus, small intestine and trachea.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for IL31 Gene
- Blood(4.5)
- Spleen(2.7)
- Skin(2.6)
- Lymph node(2.4)
- Bone marrow(2.4)
- Nervous system(2.4)
- Lung(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for IL31
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for IL31 Gene
Orthologs for IL31 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of mammals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | IL31 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | IL31 30 |
|
||
| IL-31 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Il31 31 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for IL31 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- Cow (Bos Taurus)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Evolution for IL31 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for IL31 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for IL31 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for IL31: view image
Paralogs for IL31 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for IL31 Gene
Variants for IL31 Gene
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| nsv1038827 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
32% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.08;
1.75% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for IL31 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for IL31 Gene
Disorders for IL31 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| allergic contact dermatitis |
|
|
| contact dermatitis |
|
|
| dermatitis |
|
|
| primary cutaneous amyloidosis |
|
|
| dermatitis, atopic |
|
Search IL31 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for IL31
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for IL31 Gene
Publications for IL31 Gene
- A common haplotype of the IL-31 gene influencing gene expression is associated with nonatopic eczema. (PMID: 17900679) Schulz F … Lee YA (The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2007) 3 23 41
- IL-31 is associated with cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin homing T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. (PMID: 16461143) Bilsborough J … Gross JA (The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2006) 3 4 23
- Enhanced expression levels of IL-31 correlate with IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic and allergic contact dermatitis. (PMID: 17030248) Neis MM … Hermanns HM (The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2006) 3 4 23
- Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice. (PMID: 15184896) Dillon SR … Gross JA (Nature immunology 2004) 2 3 4
- Common IL-31 gene haplotype associated with non-atopic eczema is not implicated in epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa. (PMID: 21057749) Nagy N … McGrath JA (Acta dermato-venereologica 2010) 3 41
ExternalLinks
Products for IL31 Gene
- View all 14 R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) Products
- View all R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) Proteins and Enzymes
- View all 7 R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) Primary Antibodies
- View all R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) ELISAs
- View all 2 R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) Luminex Assays
- View all R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays
- View all 2 R&D Systems IL31 (IL-31) ELISpot and FluoroSpot Kits
- Learn more about R&D Systems custom IL31 antibody, protein, and immunoassay development services
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for IL31
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for IL31
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for IL31
- Origene Custom Protein Services for IL31
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for IL31
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For IL31
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for IL31
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for IL31
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For IL31
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for IL31
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for IL31
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for IL31
- Sino Biological Antibodies for IL31
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for IL31
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for IL31
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for IL31
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
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- Abcam antibodies for IL31
- Abcam proteins for IL31
- Abcam assays for IL31
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
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- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
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- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for IL31 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for IL31 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for IL31 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for IL31 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for IL31
- antibodies-online: Show 34 available IL31 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Show 47 available IL31 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top IL31 Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for IL31
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for IL31 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for IL31
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for IL31
- ProSci Proteins for IL31
- Horizon Cell Lines for IL31
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for IL31
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for IL31
Sources for IL31 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB