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The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
IL2 (Interleukin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with IL2 include Capillary Leak Syndrome and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Among its related pathways are RET signaling and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include carbohydrate binding and growth factor activity.
Cytokines are proteinaceous signaling compounds that are major mediators of the immune response. They control many different cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation and cell survival/apoptosis but are also involved in several pathophysiological processes.
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH04J122458 | Promoter/Enhancer | 0.8 | Ensembl ENCODE | 600.7 | -2.0 | -1976 | 1 | HMBOX1 MNT IRF2 MAX ZNF148 | IL2 piR-57195-166 IL21 | |
GH04J122456 | Promoter | 0.3 | EPDnew | 600.7 | +0.2 | 213 | 0.1 | IL2 lnc-IL21-2 ADAD1 | ||
GH04J122150 | Promoter/Enhancer | 2 | FANTOM5 Ensembl ENCODE CraniofacialAtlas dbSUPER | 6.3 | +304.7 | 304660 | 3.9 | SP1 CREB1 TEAD4 PRDM10 ZNF629 NFKBIZ POLR2A BACH1 FOXA1 ZIC2 | KIAA1109 lnc-TRPC3-4 lnc-KIAA1109-1 IL2 IL21 piR-34822-252 TRPC3 | |
GH04J122503 | Enhancer | 0.5 | Ensembl | 11 | -46.6 | -46576 | 0.6 | SOX6 ZNF589 ETV1 ATF1 MEIS2 TEAD4 | IL2 piR-32461-132 IL21-AS1 IL21 | |
GH04J122531 | Enhancer | 0.3 | Ensembl | 11.1 | -75.0 | -74976 | 1 | NFE2 | IL2 IL21-AS1 piR-32461-132 IL21 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IDA | 1830926 |
GO:0005134 | interleukin-2 receptor binding | IDA,TAS | 3925347 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 16477002 |
GO:0008083 | growth factor activity | TAS | 8476561 |
GO:0019209 | kinase activator activity | TAS | 8476561 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | TAS | 6608729 |
GO:0005623 | cell | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | RET signaling |
.92
|
.92
|
2 | Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts |
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
.85
Mitochondrial Apoptosis
.85
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
.84
p53 Mediated Apoptosis
.84
DHA Signaling
.74
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
.72
PPAR Pathway
.66
|
Rac1 Pathway
.65
Glioma Invasiveness
.64
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
ERK5 Signaling
.61
eIF2 Pathway
.60
Rap1 Pathway
.57
Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
.57
|
3 | PEDF Induced Signaling |
MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation
.94
MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells
.94
PEDF Induced Signaling
.73
all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain
.71
RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation
.62
IL-6 Pathway
.61
|
NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions
.57
PGC1Alpha Pathway
.51
STAT3 Pathway
.47
Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway
.46
Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
.43
|
4 | Allograft rejection |
THC Differentiation Pathway
.39
|
|
5 | GPCR Pathway |
Paxillin Interactions
.73
Ras Pathway
.73
GPCR Pathway
.62
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
.59
|
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
.58
NFAT in Immune Response
.58
Estrogen Pathway
.55
|
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | TAS | -- |
GO:0001933 | negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | IEA | -- |
GO:0001934 | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | IEA | -- |
GO:0002250 | adaptive immune response | IEA | -- |
GO:0002366 | leukocyte activation involved in immune response | IDA | 16204630 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dacarbazine | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | 193 | |||
rituximab | Approved | Pharma | Therapeutic Antibodies | 2024 | ||
Thalidomide | Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn | Pharma | Immunomodulatory agent,sedative drug,angiogenesis inhibitor, TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, Immunomodulatory agents | 429 | ||
Cefazolin | Approved | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | 163 | ||
keyhole limpet hemocyanin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AS 101 |
|
106566-58-9 |
|
|||
GIT 27 |
|
6501-72-0 |
|
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
AS 101 | Immunomodulator; inhibits IL-10 synthesis and potentiates IL-1alpha, IL-2 and TNF-alpha release | 106566-58-9 |
GIT 27 | Immunomodulator; reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines | 6501-72-0 |
Pirfenidone | Antifibrotic agent; regulates cytokine levels in vivo | 53179-13-8 |
Thalidomide | TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor | 50-35-1 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Triptolide | IL-2/MMP-3/MMP7/MMP19 inhibitor | 38748-32-2 |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | |||||||||||
SP2: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of mammals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | IL2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | IL2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Il2 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Il2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | IL2 31 |
|
OneToOne |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
esv3894021 | CNV | loss | 25118596 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
capillary leak syndrome |
|
|
tropical spastic paraparesis |
|
|
smallpox |
|
|
graft-versus-host disease |
|
|
lepromatous leprosy |
|