Free for academic non-profit institutions. Other users need a Commercial license
This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles. These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperat... See more...
Aliases for HMGB2 Gene
Aliases for HMGB2 Gene
External Ids for HMGB2 Gene
- HGNC: 5000
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 3148
- Ensembl: ENSG00000164104
- OMIM®: 163906
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P26583
Previous HGNC Symbols for HMGB2 Gene
- HMG2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HMGB2 Gene
- GC04M175172
- GC04M174790
- GC04M174948
- GC04M174627
- GC04M174489
- GC04M174252
- GC04M170000
Summaries for HMGB2 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles. These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperative interactions between cis-acting proteins by promoting DNA flexibility. This protein was also reported to be involved in the final ligation step in DNA end-joining processes of DNA double-strand breaks repair and V(D)J recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for HMGB2 Gene
HMGB2 (High Mobility Group Box 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HMGB2 include Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Among its related pathways are Chromatin Regulation / Acetylation and CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include chromatin binding. An important paralog of this gene is HMGB1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for HMGB2 Gene
-
Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. May act in a redox sensitive manner. In the nucleus is an abundant chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J recombination and probably other processes. Binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (PubMed:7797075, PubMed:11909973, PubMed:19522541, PubMed:18413230, PubMed:19965638, PubMed:20123072). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (By similarity). Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (By similarity). In the extracellular compartment acts as a chemokine. Promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells implicating AGER/RAGE (PubMed:19811285). Has antimicrobial activity in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues (PubMed:23877675). Involved in inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus coupled with proinflammatory activity (By similarity). Involved in modulation of neurogenesis probably by regulation of neural stem proliferation (By similarity). Involved in articular cartilage surface maintenance implicating LEF1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (By similarity).
Additional gene information for HMGB2 Gene
- HGNC (5000)
- NCBI Entrez Gene (3148)
- Ensembl (ENSG00000164104)
- OMIM® (163906)
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26583)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000164104)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for HMGB2 at DataMed
- Search for HMGB2 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for HMGB2 Gene
Genomics for HMGB2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for HMGB2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around HMGB2 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for HMGB2
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the HMGB2 gene promoter:
-
- E2F
- E2F-1
- FOXI1
- HFH-3
Genomic Locations for HMGB2 Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr4:173,331,376-173,334,432
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 3,057 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr4:174,252,527-174,255,509
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 2,983 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr4:174,252,846-174,256,276
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
- Size:
- 3,431 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HMGB2 Gene
Genes around HMGB2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 4q34.1 by HGNC
- 4q34.1 by Entrez Gene
- 4q34.1 by Ensembl
HMGB2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HMGB2 Gene
Proteins for HMGB2 Gene
-
Protein details for HMGB2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P26583-HMGB2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- High mobility group protein B2
- Protein Accession:
- P26583
- B2R4K8
- D3DP37
- Q5U072
Protein attributes for HMGB2 Gene
- Size:
- 209 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 24034 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with POU2F2, POU2F1 and POU3F1 (By similarity). Component of the RAG complex composed of core components RAG1 and RAG2, and associated component HMGB1 or HMGB2 (By similarity). Component of the SET complex, composed of at least ANP32A, APEX1, HMGB2, NME1, SET and TREX1. Directly interacts with SET (PubMed:11909973). Interacts with LEF1 (By similarity).
Protein Expression for HMGB2 Gene
Post-translational modifications for HMGB2 Gene
- Reduction/oxidation of cysteine residues Cys-23, Cys-45 and Cys-106 and a possible intramolecular disulfide bond involving Cys-23 and Cys-45 give rise to different redox forms with specific functional activities in various cellular compartments: 1- fully reduced HMGB2 (HMGB2C23hC45hC106h), 2- disulfide HMGB2 (HMGB2C23-C45C106h) and 3- sulfonyl HMGB2 (HMGB2C23soC45soC106so).
- Acetylation enhances nucleosome binding and chromation remodeling activity.
-
Ubiquitination at Lys114 and Lys147
- NX_P26583 (NX_P26583-1)
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
Other Protein References for HMGB2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
- LifeSpan BioSciences HMG2 / HMGB2 Monoclonal Antibody (LS-B4354) and HMG2 / HMGB2 Monoclonal Antibody (LS-B4355)
- NSJ Bioreagents HMGB2 Antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for HMGB2
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HMGB2
-
Abcam antibodies for HMGB2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HMGB2 (AFLGC-Hmgb2)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for HMGB2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HMGB2
Protein products for research
- G Biosciences Human HMGB2/High mobility group protein B2, Lyophilized
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HMGB2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HMGB2
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for HMGB2
-
ProSci Proteins for HMGB2
-
Abcam proteins for HMGB2
Assay products for research
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for HMGB2 Gene
Domains & Families for HMGB2 Gene
Gene Families for HMGB2 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for HMGB2 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- High mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HMGB2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- High mobility group protein 2 (HMGB2_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P26583UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
HMGB2_HUMAN :- Both, HMG box 1 and HMG box 2, show antimicrobial activity.
- Belongs to the HMGB family.
- Domain:
-
- Both, HMG box 1 and HMG box 2, show antimicrobial activity.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the HMGB family.
Function for HMGB2 Gene
Molecular function for HMGB2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. May act in a redox sensitive manner. In the nucleus is an abundant chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J recombination and probably other processes. Binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (PubMed:7797075, PubMed:11909973, PubMed:19522541, PubMed:18413230, PubMed:19965638, PubMed:20123072). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (By similarity). Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (By similarity). In the extracellular compartment acts as a chemokine. Promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells implicating AGER/RAGE (PubMed:19811285). Has antimicrobial activity in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues (PubMed:23877675). Involved in inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus coupled with proinflammatory activity (By similarity). Involved in modulation of neurogenesis probably by regulation of neural stem proliferation (By similarity). Involved in articular cartilage surface maintenance implicating LEF1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (By similarity).
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for HMGB2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000400 | four-way junction DNA binding | ISS | -- |
| GO:0000976 | transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA | 19965638 |
| GO:0000987 | proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding | ISS | -- |
| GO:0003677 | DNA binding | IEA,IMP | 11909973 |
| GO:0003684 | damaged DNA binding | IDA | 8226934 |
Phenotypes for HMGB2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for HMGB2:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HMGB2:
Animal Models for HMGB2 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for HMGB2:
-
- Hmgb2 Hmgb2<tm1Meb>
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for HMGB2 - Starting at $85 >
- * HMGB2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for HMGB2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HMGB2
miRNA for HMGB2 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target HMGB2
-
- hsa-miR-181a-5p (MIRT025152)
- hsa-miR-33a-5p (MIRT028203)
- hsa-miR-24-3p (MIRT030580)
- hsa-miR-374a-5p (MIRT044016)
- hsa-miR-4452 (MIRT093569)
- hsa-miR-582-5p (MIRT309701)
- hsa-miR-1468-3p (MIRT356124)
- hsa-let-7a-2-3p (MIRT356148)
- hsa-let-7g-3p (MIRT356151)
- hsa-miR-4328 (MIRT371053)
- hsa-miR-23b-3p (MIRT438323)
- hsa-miR-23a-3p (MIRT438692)
- hsa-miR-218-5p (MIRT440494)
- hsa-miR-6514-3p (MIRT475590)
- hsa-miR-6894-3p (MIRT475591)
- hsa-miR-4325 (MIRT475592)
- hsa-miR-183-3p (MIRT475593)
- hsa-miR-127-5p (MIRT475594)
- hsa-miR-4766-3p (MIRT475595)
- hsa-miR-4487 (MIRT475596)
- hsa-miR-558 (MIRT475597)
- hsa-miR-3160-3p (MIRT475598)
- hsa-miR-6806-3p (MIRT475599)
- hsa-miR-3928-5p (MIRT475600)
- hsa-miR-4793-3p (MIRT475601)
- hsa-miR-4461 (MIRT475602)
- hsa-miR-548p (MIRT475603)
- hsa-miR-4724-5p (MIRT475604)
- hsa-miR-302f (MIRT475605)
- hsa-miR-5692a (MIRT475606)
- hsa-miR-130a-5p (MIRT475607)
- hsa-miR-23c (MIRT475608)
- hsa-miR-1277-5p (MIRT511516)
- hsa-miR-190a-3p (MIRT511517)
- hsa-miR-4789-5p (MIRT511518)
- hsa-miR-3941 (MIRT511519)
- hsa-miR-223-5p (MIRT511520)
- hsa-miR-511-3p (MIRT511521)
- hsa-miR-5011-5p (MIRT511522)
- hsa-miR-5580-3p (MIRT511523)
- hsa-miR-603 (MIRT511524)
- hsa-miR-362-3p (MIRT511525)
- hsa-miR-329-3p (MIRT511526)
- hsa-miR-8485 (MIRT511527)
- hsa-miR-544b (MIRT523159)
- hsa-miR-3622b-3p (MIRT523160)
- hsa-miR-3622a-3p (MIRT523161)
- hsa-miR-1228-3p (MIRT523162)
- hsa-miR-3924 (MIRT542934)
- hsa-miR-3119 (MIRT562210)
- hsa-miR-135b-5p (MIRT562211)
- hsa-miR-135a-5p (MIRT562212)
- hsa-miR-374c-3p (MIRT562213)
- hsa-miR-4796-3p (MIRT562214)
- hsa-miR-93-5p (MIRT562215)
- hsa-miR-526b-3p (MIRT562216)
- hsa-miR-519d-3p (MIRT562217)
- hsa-miR-20b-5p (MIRT562218)
- hsa-miR-20a-5p (MIRT562219)
- hsa-miR-17-5p (MIRT562220)
- hsa-miR-106b-5p (MIRT562221)
- hsa-miR-106a-5p (MIRT562222)
- hsa-miR-548ah-5p (MIRT562223)
- hsa-miR-3609 (MIRT562224)
- hsa-miR-6809-3p (MIRT562225)
- hsa-miR-6833-3p (MIRT562226)
- hsa-miR-4768-5p (MIRT562227)
- hsa-miR-4684-5p (MIRT562228)
- hsa-miR-187-5p (MIRT562229)
- hsa-miR-20a-3p (MIRT562230)
- hsa-miR-139-5p (MIRT562231)
- hsa-miR-153-5p (MIRT562232)
- hsa-miR-3919 (MIRT562233)
- hsa-miR-3123 (MIRT562234)
- hsa-miR-4797-5p (MIRT562235)
- hsa-miR-548l (MIRT562236)
- hsa-miR-548t-5p (MIRT562237)
- hsa-miR-548az-5p (MIRT562238)
- hsa-miR-548n (MIRT562239)
- hsa-miR-98-3p (MIRT567319)
- hsa-let-7f-1-3p (MIRT567320)
- hsa-let-7b-3p (MIRT567321)
- hsa-let-7a-3p (MIRT567322)
- hsa-miR-548c-3p (MIRT567323)
- hsa-miR-381-3p (MIRT567324)
- hsa-miR-300 (MIRT567325)
- hsa-miR-6869-5p (MIRT574707)
- hsa-miR-3613-3p (MIRT574708)
- hsa-miR-4668-3p (MIRT574709)
- mmu-miR-1935 (MIRT589830)
- mmu-miR-298-5p (MIRT589831)
- mmu-miR-709 (MIRT589832)
- mmu-miR-1936 (MIRT589833)
- mmu-miR-3089-5p (MIRT589834)
- mmu-miR-1195 (MIRT589835)
- mmu-miR-344c-3p (MIRT589836)
- mmu-miR-344-3p (MIRT589837)
- mmu-miR-1929-5p (MIRT589838)
- mmu-miR-1197-3p (MIRT589839)
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HMGB2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for HMGB2
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for HMGB2 - Starting at $45 >
- * HMGB2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
-
- MG202266
- MG202276
- MR202266
- MR202266L3
- MR202266L4
- MR202276
- MR202276L3
- MR202276L4
- RC200750
- RC200750L1
- RC200750L2
- RC200750L3
- RC200750L4
- RC225239
- RC225239L3
- RC225239L4
- RC225240
- RC225240L3
- RC225240L4
- RG200750
- RG225239
- RG225240
- RR202856
- RR202856L3
- RR202856L4
- MR202266L3V
- MR202266L4V
- MR202276L3V
- MR202276L4V
- RC200750L1V
- RC200750L2V
- RC200750L3V
- RC200750L4V
- RC225239L3V
- RC225239L4V
- RC225240L3V
- RC225240L4V
- RR202856L3V
- RR202856L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HMGB2
Cell Lines for research
-
Horizon Cell Lines for HMGB2
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HMGB2 Gene
Localization for HMGB2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HMGB2 Gene
- Nucleus. Chromosome. Cytoplasm. Secreted. Note=In basal state predominantly nuclear. {ECO:0000305}.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| nucleus | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
- Nucleoplasm (3)
- Nucleoli (2)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000785 | chromatin | ISS | -- |
| GO:0000793 | condensed chromosome | IDA | 12925773 |
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IDA | 19811285 |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA,IDA | 8339930 |
Pathways & Interactions for HMGB2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation | ||
| 2 | CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6 |
.31
|
|
| 3 | Chromatin Regulation / Acetylation | ||
| 4 | Granzyme Pathway |
Granzyme Pathway
-
|
|
| 5 | Granzyme-A Pathway |
Granzyme-A Pathway
-
|
|
Pathways by source for HMGB2 Gene
2 BioSystems pathways for HMGB2 Gene
5 Reactome pathways for HMGB2 Gene
2 Qiagen pathways for HMGB2 Gene
- Granzyme Pathway
- Granzyme-A Pathway
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for HMGB2 Gene
Interacting Proteins for HMGB2 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P26583-HMGB2_HUMAN
ENSP00000296503
for HMGB2 Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for HMGB2
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001938 | positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | IDA | 19811285 |
| GO:0002376 | immune system process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0002437 | inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | ISS | -- |
| GO:0006265 | DNA topological change | ISS | -- |
| GO:0006303 | double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | ISS | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for HMGB2 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|
Drug products for research
- G Biosciences Human HMGB2/High mobility group protein B2, Lyophilized
Transcripts for HMGB2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HMGB2 Gene
- 3 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 12 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000296503 1441 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000438704 1032 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000446922 1175 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000506267 629 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000511316 1841 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for HMGB2 - Starting at $85 >
- * HMGB2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for HMGB2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HMGB2
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HMGB2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for HMGB2
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for HMGB2 - Starting at $45 >
- * HMGB2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
-
- MG202266
- MG202276
- MR202266
- MR202266L3
- MR202266L4
- MR202276
- MR202276L3
- MR202276L4
- RC200750
- RC200750L1
- RC200750L2
- RC200750L3
- RC200750L4
- RC225239
- RC225239L3
- RC225239L4
- RC225240
- RC225240L3
- RC225240L4
- RG200750
- RG225239
- RG225240
- RR202856
- RR202856L3
- RR202856L4
- MR202266L3V
- MR202266L4V
- MR202276L3V
- MR202276L4V
- RC200750L1V
- RC200750L2V
- RC200750L3V
- RC200750L4V
- RC225239L3V
- RC225239L4V
- RC225240L3V
- RC225240L4V
- RR202856L3V
- RR202856L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HMGB2
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | · | 1e | · | 1f | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | · | 3d | · | 3e | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | · | 5c | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | - | - | - | - |
Relevant External Links for HMGB2 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- HMGB2
Expression for HMGB2 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HMGB2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Whole Blood (x6.3).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for HMGB2 Gene
- Elite partner
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for HMGB2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HMGB2 Gene:
Hs.434953mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HMGB2 Gene:
P26583-HMGB2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in gastric and intestinal tissues (at protein level).
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HMGB2 Gene
- Liver(4.7)
- Nervous system(4.5)
- Skin(4.5)
- Bone marrow(3.1)
- Blood(3.1)
- Lymph node(2.6)
- Intestine(2.5)
- Lung(2.5)
- Spleen(2.5)
- Heart(2.5)
- Muscle(2.4)
- Eye(2.4)
- Kidney(2.2)
- Bone(2.2)
Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HMGB2
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HMGB2
Gene Expression Assays for research
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , Protein differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HMGB2 Gene
Orthologs for HMGB2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | HMGB2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| HMGB2 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HMGB2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HMGB2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Hmgb2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | HMGB2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | HMGB2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | HMGB2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | hmgb2a 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP000005 30 |
|
||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Dsp1 30 |
|
||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | hmg-1.2 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for HMGB2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for HMGB2 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for HMGB2 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for HMGB2 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for HMGB2: view image
Paralogs for HMGB2 Gene
Paralogs for HMGB2 Gene
(9) SIMAP similar genes for HMGB2 Gene using alignment to 2 proteins:
- HMGB2_HUMAN
- D6R9A6_HUMAN
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for HMGB2 Gene
- PGOHUM00000291595
- PGOHUM00000292229
- PGOHUM00000292680
- PGOHUM00000292706
- PGOHUM00000293059
- PGOHUM00000295163
- PGOHUM00000295671
- PGOHUM00000295950
- PGOHUM00000307800
- PGOHUM00000296624
- PGOHUM00000298437
- PGOHUM00000299076
- PGOHUM00000299463
- PGOHUM00000300267
- PGOHUM00000300641
- PGOHUM00000300738
- PGOHUM00000301022
- PGOHUM00000301434
- PGOHUM00000301554
- PGOHUM00000303268
- PGOHUM00000303350
- PGOHUM00000305253
Variants for HMGB2 Gene
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
44.5% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.92;
19.01% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for HMGB2 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- HMGB2
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for HMGB2 Gene
Disorders for HMGB2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
Search HMGB2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for HMGB2
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HMGB2 Gene
Publications for HMGB2 Gene
- Sequence of human HMG2 cDNA. (PMID: 1754403) Majumdar A … Seidman MM (Nucleic acids research 1991) 2 3 4
- Antimicrobial activity of high-mobility-group box 2: a new function to a well-known protein. (PMID: 23877675) Küchler R … Wehkamp J (Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2013) 3 4
- High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription. (PMID: 19965638) Laurent B … Duménil D (Blood 2010) 3 4
- High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1. (PMID: 19811285) Pusterla T … Bianchi ME (Autoimmunity 2009) 3 4
- HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins up-regulate cellular expression of human topoisomerase IIalpha. (PMID: 19223331) Stros M … Pospísilová S (Nucleic acids research 2009) 3 23
ExternalLinks
Products for HMGB2 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for HMGB2
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HMGB2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HMGB2
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HMGB2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HMGB2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HMGB2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HMGB2
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HMGB2
- MG202266
- MG202276
- MR202266
- MR202266L3
- MR202266L4
- MR202276
- MR202276L3
- MR202276L4
- RC200750
- RC200750L1
- RC200750L2
- RC200750L3
- RC200750L4
- RC225239
- RC225239L3
- RC225239L4
- RC225240
- RC225240L3
- RC225240L4
- RG200750
- RG225239
- RG225240
- RR202856
- RR202856L3
- RR202856L4
- MR202266L3V
- MR202266L4V
- MR202276L3V
- MR202276L4V
- RC200750L1V
- RC200750L2V
- RC200750L3V
- RC200750L4V
- RC225239L3V
- RC225239L4V
- RC225240L3V
- RC225240L4V
- RR202856L3V
- RR202856L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For HMGB2
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HMGB2
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HMGB2
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for HMGB2
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for HMGB2
- Abcam proteins for HMGB2
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for HMGB2 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for HMGB2 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for HMGB2 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for HMGB2 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for HMGB2
- antibodies-online: Show 21 available HMGB2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HMGB2 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Show 14 available HMGB2 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HMGB2 Elisa Kits
- antibodies-online: Show 22 available HMGB2 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HMGB2 Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HMGB2
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for HMGB2 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HMGB2
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for HMGB2
- ProSci Proteins for HMGB2
- Horizon Cell Lines for HMGB2
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for HMGB2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for HMGB2
- Biorbyt antibodies for HMGB2
Sources for HMGB2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM® (Updated: 05-Mar-2021)
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) MedlinePlus Genetics
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNAcentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Open Targets Platform
- (175) 5SRRNADB
- (176) snoDB
- (177) MirGeneDB