Aliases for HCAR3 Gene
Aliases for HCAR3 Gene
External Ids for HCAR3 Gene
- HGNC: 16824
- Entrez Gene: 8843
- Ensembl: ENSG00000255398
- OMIM: 606039
- UniProtKB: P49019
Previous HGNC Symbols for HCAR3 Gene
- GPR109B
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HCAR3 Gene
- GC12M123200
Summaries for HCAR3 Gene
GeneCards Summary for HCAR3 Gene
HCAR3 (Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 3) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HCAR3 include Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy, Type Ii. Among its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is HCAR2.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR3 Gene
-
Receptor for 3-OH-octanoid acid mediates a negative feedback regulation of adipocyte lipolysis to counteract prolipolytic influences under conditions of physiological or pathological increases in beta-oxidation rates. Acts as a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet.
No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HCAR3 Gene
Genomics for HCAR3 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for HCAR3 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for HCAR3 Gene
| GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH12J122713 | Enhancer | 0.8 | Ensembl dbSUPER | 700.2 | +1.7 | 1691 | 4.4 | FOXA2 SAP130 FOXA3 HLF CEBPB EBF1 ZNF384 NFIL3 POLR2A IKZF1 | HCAR3 HCAR2 ENSG00000256249 | |
| GH12J122699 | Enhancer | 0.9 | Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 44.7 | +15.1 | 15091 | 4.4 | HLF CEBPA CEBPB ZNF384 | HCAR2 HCAR3 HCAR1 ENSG00000256044 DENR LOC101927415 ENSG00000256249 | |
| GH12J122733 | Enhancer | 0.6 | FANTOM5 | 67 | -16.8 | -16787 | 0.4 | SOX6 TARDBP IKZF1 NBN ATF7 IKZF2 | HCAR3 HCAR2 VPS37B CLIP1 RSRC2 C12orf65 HCAR1 ENSG00000256044 | |
| GH12J122710 | Enhancer | 0.7 | ENCODE dbSUPER | 50 | +6.4 | 6403 | 0.2 | GATA3 GATAD2B DPF2 ZBTB40 | HCAR3 HCAR1 HCAR2 ENSG00000256249 | |
| GH12J122678 | Enhancer | 1.1 | Ensembl ENCODE | 31.2 | +37.6 | 37565 | 2 | PKNOX1 FOXA2 MLX ARID4B SIN3A ZNF48 TCF12 FOS SP5 REST | HCAR3 HCAR1 ENSG00000256249 ENSG00000274191 |
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around HCAR3 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for HCAR3 Gene
Genomic Locations for HCAR3 Gene
- chr12:122,714,756-122,716,892
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 2,137 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr12:123,199,303-123,201,439
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 2,137 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HCAR3 Gene
Genes around HCAR3 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12q24.31 by Entrez Gene
- 12q24.31 by HGNC
- 12q24.31 by Ensembl
HCAR3 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HCAR3 Gene
Proteins for HCAR3 Gene
-
Protein details for HCAR3 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P49019-HCAR3_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3
- Protein Accession:
- P49019
- A8K4G5
- B2R830
- E9PI97
- Q8NGE4
Protein attributes for HCAR3 Gene
- Size:
- 387 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 44478 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Post-translational modifications for HCAR3 Gene
Other Protein References for HCAR3 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for HCAR3
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HCAR3
-
Abcam antibodies for HCAR3
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HCAR3
- GeneTex HCAR3 Antibody for HCAR3
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for HCAR3
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HCAR3
Protein Products
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- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HCAR3
-
Abcam proteins for HCAR3
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for HCAR3 Gene
Domains & Families for HCAR3 Gene
Gene Families for HCAR3 Gene
- HGNC:
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- FDA approved drug targets
- G-protein coupled receptors
- Predicted membrane proteins
Protein Domains for HCAR3 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HCAR3 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P49019- Family:
-
- Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Function for HCAR3 Gene
Molecular function for HCAR3 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Receptor for 3-OH-octanoid acid mediates a negative feedback regulation of adipocyte lipolysis to counteract prolipolytic influences under conditions of physiological or pathological increases in beta-oxidation rates. Acts as a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004930 | G-protein coupled receptor activity | IEA,TAS | -- |
Phenotypes for HCAR3 Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
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-
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR3
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- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for HCAR3
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR3
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR3
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR3
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- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
Clone Products
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for HCAR3
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for HCAR3
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for HCAR3
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HCAR3
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for HCAR3
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR3 (GPR109B/HM74)
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for HCAR3
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HCAR3 Gene
Localization for HCAR3 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR3 Gene
- Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
- Cell Junctions (2)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | TAS | 7505609 |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0030054 | cell junction | IDA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for HCAR3 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
| 2 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
| 3 | cAMP signaling pathway | ||
Pathways by source for HCAR3 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for HCAR3 Gene
7 Reactome pathways for HCAR3 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for HCAR3 Gene
Interacting Proteins for HCAR3 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for HCAR3
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HCAR3 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HCAR3 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Niacin | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | Unknown, Agonist, Full agonist, Target, agonist | 946,946 | ||
| Inositol nicotinate | Approved, Withdrawn | Pharma | Target, agonist | 0 | ||
| Mepenzolate | Approved | Pharma | antagonist | 0 | ||
| D-Tryptophan | Experimental | Pharma | Full agonist, Agonist | 0 | ||
| D-Phenylalanine | Experimental | Pharma | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-isopropylbenzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid |
|
Full agonist, Agonist |
|
|||
| 5-methyl-?ae5-(5-meth?aeylthiophe?aen-3-yl)-4?ae-oxo-4,5-?aedihydrofu?aeran-2-car?aeboxylic a?aecid |
|
Full agonist, Agonist |
|
|||
| D-phenyalanine |
|
Full agonist, Agonist |
|
(5) Tocris Compounds for HCAR3 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| 3,5-DHBA | Selective HCA1 agonist | 99-10-5 |
| Acifran | Hypolipidemic agent; agonist for the GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B receptors | 72420-38-3 |
| IBC 293 | Selective agonist for the GPR109B (HM74) receptor. Antilipolytic | 306935-41-1 |
| LUF 6283 | HCA2 (GPR109A) partial agonist | 92933-48-7 |
| MK 1903 | Potent and selective GPR109A (HCA2) agonist | 1268882-43-4 |
Drug Products
Transcripts for HCAR3 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HCAR3 Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (5) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (68) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (1) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
-
- ENST00000528880 2137 bps (uc001ucy.4)
Unigene Clusters for HCAR3 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR3
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for HCAR3
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for HCAR3
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR3
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR3
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR3
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HCAR3
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for HCAR3
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
Clone Products
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for HCAR3
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for HCAR3
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for HCAR3
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HCAR3
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for HCAR3
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR3 (GPR109B/HM74)
Expression for HCAR3 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of HCAR3 Gene:
HCAR3SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HCAR3 Gene:
Hs.458425mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HCAR3 Gene:
P49019-HCAR3_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expression largely restricted to adipose tissue and spleen.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HCAR3 Gene
- Blood(4.1)
- Pancreas(4)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HCAR3
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HCAR3
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HCAR3 Gene
Orthologs for HCAR3 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GPR109B 33 |
|
||
| HCAR3 34 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HCAR3 33 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HCAR3 33 |
|
||
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Niacr1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | hcar2 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | hcar1-3 33 |
|
||
| hcar1-2 34 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for HCAR3 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for HCAR3 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for HCAR3 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for HCAR3 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for HCAR3: view image
Paralogs for HCAR3 Gene
Variants for HCAR3 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 12 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000961650 | -- | 122,718,338(-) | G/A | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1001079772 | -- | 122,718,591(-) | C/T | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1001842666 | -- | 122,715,089(-) | A/C | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
| rs1004526130 | -- | 122,714,945(-) | A/G | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
| rs1005024111 | -- | 122,715,278(-) | C/T | 3_prime_UTR_variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
90.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
13.22;
95.23% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for HCAR3 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- HCAR3
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR3 Gene
Disorders for HCAR3 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| distal hereditary motor neuropathy, type ii |
|
|
Search HCAR3 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for HCAR3
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HCAR3 Gene
Publications for HCAR3 Gene
- Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. (PMID: 12522134) Wise A … Pike NB (The Journal of biological chemistry 2003) 3 4 22 25 58
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B). (PMID: 21454438) Offermanns S … IJzerman AP (Pharmacological reviews 2011) 2 3 4 58
- PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. (PMID: 12563315) Tunaru S … Offermanns S (Nature medicine 2003) 3 22 25 58
- Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors. (PMID: 7505609) Nomura H … Matsushima K (International immunology 1993) 2 3 4 58
- Deorphanization of GPR109B as a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-OH-octanoic acid and its role in the regulation of lipolysis. (PMID: 19561068) Ahmed K … Offermanns S (The Journal of biological chemistry 2009) 3 4 58
Products for HCAR3 Gene
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- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for HCAR3
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- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for HCAR3
- antibodies-online: Search results for available HCAR3 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available HCAR3 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available HCAR3 related products ranked by validation data
- GeneTex HCAR3 Antibody for HCAR3
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- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available HCAR3 gene related products
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Sources for HCAR3 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
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