Aliases for HCAR1 Gene
Aliases for HCAR1 Gene
External Ids for HCAR1 Gene
- HGNC: 4532
- Entrez Gene: 27198
- Ensembl: ENSG00000196917
- OMIM: 606923
- UniProtKB: Q9BXC0
Previous HGNC Symbols for HCAR1 Gene
- GPR104
- GPR81
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HCAR1 Gene
- GC12M123104
Summaries for HCAR1 Gene
-
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, or GPRs), such as GPR81, contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2005]
GeneCards Summary for HCAR1 Gene
HCAR1 (Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HCAR1 include Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration. Among its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and Signaling by GPCR. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is HCAR2.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR1 Gene
-
Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated pathway.
-
Orphan 7-TM receptors (orphan GPCRs) are receptors for which there are no defined ligands. Traditionally, receptors are characterized by specific ligands and stimuli; the search for ligands of orphan receptors is therefore akin to reverse-engineering this process.
No data available for CIViC summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HCAR1 Gene
Genomics for HCAR1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for HCAR1 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for HCAR1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around HCAR1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for HCAR1 Gene
Genomic Locations for HCAR1 Gene
- chr12:122,726,076-122,730,843
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 4,768 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr12:123,104,824-123,215,390
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 110,567 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HCAR1 Gene
Genes around HCAR1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12q24.31 by Entrez Gene
- 12q24.31 by HGNC
- 12q24.31 by Ensembl
HCAR1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HCAR1 Gene
Proteins for HCAR1 Gene
-
Protein details for HCAR1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9BXC0-HCAR1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1
- Protein Accession:
- Q9BXC0
- B2R9X4
- Q3Y5J3
- Q4VBN1
- Q6NXU5
Protein attributes for HCAR1 Gene
- Size:
- 346 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 39295 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Post-translational modifications for HCAR1 Gene
Other Protein References for HCAR1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for HCAR1
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HCAR1
-
Abcam antibodies for HCAR1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HCAR1 (AFLGC-HCAR1)
- GeneTex HCAR1 Antibody for HCAR1
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for HCAR1
Protein Products
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HCAR1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HCAR1
- antibodies-online: Search results for 4 available GPR81 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GPR81 Proteins
-
Quality Products:
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HCAR1
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for HCAR1 Gene
Domains & Families for HCAR1 Gene
Gene Families for HCAR1 Gene
- HGNC:
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- G-protein coupled receptors
- Predicted membrane proteins
- Transporters
Protein Domains for HCAR1 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HCAR1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9BXC0- Family:
-
- Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Function for HCAR1 Gene
Molecular function for HCAR1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated pathway.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004930 | G-protein coupled receptor activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for HCAR1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for HCAR1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HCAR1:
-
- Decreased viability ratio
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Decreased viability
- no effect
- Decreased viability after sindbis virus (SIN) dsTE12Q infection
- Decreased Sindbis virus (SIN) capsid and autophagosome LC3 protein colocalization
- Decreased mitophagy mCherry-Parkin protein expression after carbonyl cyanide m-chlorphenylhydrazone (CCCP) stimulation
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Decreased caspase 3/7 activity
- Increased transferrin (TF) endocytosis
Animal Models for HCAR1 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for HCAR1:
-
- Hcar1 Hcar1<tm1Dgen>
Animal Model Products
-
Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for HCAR1
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for HCAR1
-
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for HCAR1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for HCAR1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR1
miRNA for HCAR1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target HCAR1
-
- hsa-mir-335-5p (MIRT017279)
- hsa-mir-378a-5p (MIRT631174)
- hsa-mir-4454 (MIRT631175)
- hsa-mir-6821-3p (MIRT631176)
- hsa-mir-6790-3p (MIRT631177)
- hsa-mir-3653-5p (MIRT631178)
- hsa-mir-4264 (MIRT631179)
- hsa-mir-4485-5p (MIRT631180)
- hsa-mir-622 (MIRT631181)
- hsa-mir-3934-5p (MIRT631182)
- hsa-mir-764 (MIRT631183)
- hsa-mir-125a-3p (MIRT631184)
- hsa-mir-1227-3p (MIRT736149)
- hsa-mir-1247-3p (MIRT736381)
- hsa-mir-1273g-3p (MIRT736819)
- hsa-mir-1827 (MIRT738107)
- hsa-mir-1910-3p (MIRT738411)
- hsa-mir-2467-3p (MIRT739269)
- hsa-mir-3612 (MIRT741573)
- hsa-mir-377-5p (MIRT742684)
- hsa-mir-4252 (MIRT743332)
- hsa-mir-4257 (MIRT743408)
- hsa-mir-4537 (MIRT746088)
- hsa-mir-455-3p (MIRT746179)
- hsa-mir-4793-3p (MIRT748935)
- hsa-mir-6086 (MIRT751838)
- hsa-mir-6499-3p (MIRT752795)
- hsa-mir-650 (MIRT753021)
- hsa-mir-6511a-5p (MIRT753136)
- hsa-mir-6516-5p (MIRT753341)
- hsa-mir-6889-3p (MIRT758625)
- hsa-mir-7703 (MIRT759713)
- hsa-mir-873-3p (MIRT760294)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR1
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- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for HCAR1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HCAR1
- Addgene plasmids for HCAR1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HCAR1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for HCAR1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR1 (GPR81)
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for HCAR1
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HCAR1 Gene
Localization for HCAR1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR1 Gene
- Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for HCAR1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for HCAR1 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
| 2 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
| 3 | cAMP signaling pathway | ||
Pathways by source for HCAR1 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for HCAR1 Gene
7 Reactome pathways for HCAR1 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for HCAR1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for HCAR1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HCAR1 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HCAR1 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Niacin | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | Unknown, Agonist, Full agonist | 946,946 | ||
| 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid | Pharma | Full agonist, Agonist | 0 | |||
| L-lactic acid | Pharma | Full agonist, Agonist | 0 | |||
| 3,5-DHBA | Pharma | Selective HCA1 agonist | 0 | |||
| Acifran | Pharma | Full agonist, Agonist | Hypolipidemic agent; agonist for the GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B receptors | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-lactic ?aeacid |
|
Partial agonist, Agonist |
|
|||
| gamma-hydroxybutyric acid |
|
Full agonist, Agonist |
|
|||
| TC-G 1008 |
|
1621175-65-2 |
|
|
(5) Tocris Compounds for HCAR1 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| Diphenyleneiodonium chloride | GPR3 agonist; also inhibits NOS and NADPH oxidases | 4673-26-1 |
| PF9 tetrasodium salt | Potent GPR17 agonist | 851265-78-6 |
| Prosaptide TX14(A) | Potent GPR37 and GPR37L1 agonist | 196391-82-9 |
| TC-G 1008 | Potent and selective GPR39 agonist | 1621175-65-2 |
| TC-O 9311 | Potent and selective GPR139 agonist | 444932-31-4 |
Drug Products
Transcripts for HCAR1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HCAR1 Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (11) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (3) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (1) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
-
- ENST00000432564 4768 bps (uc001ucz.4)
Unigene Clusters for HCAR1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for HCAR1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for HCAR1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR1
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HCAR1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for HCAR1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HCAR1
- Addgene plasmids for HCAR1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for HCAR1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for HCAR1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR1 (GPR81)
Expression for HCAR1 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HCAR1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Breast - Mammary Tissue (x12.0), Adipose - Visceral (Omentum) (x7.9), and Bladder (x4.1).
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of HCAR1 Gene:
HCAR1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HCAR1 Gene:
Hs.610873mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HCAR1 Gene:
Q9BXC0-HCAR1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed abundantly in brown and white fat. It also detectable at lower levels in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain and pituitary. Not detected in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cortex, basal forebrain, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HCAR1 Gene
- Spleen(4.1)
- Kidney(4)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HCAR1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HCAR1
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HCAR1 Gene
Orthologs for HCAR1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 33 |
|
||
| GPR81 34 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 33 |
|
||
| GPR81 34 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gpr81 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gpr81 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Hcar1 16 |
|
||||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | hcar1-1 34 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for HCAR1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for HCAR1 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for HCAR1 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for HCAR1 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for HCAR1: view image
Paralogs for HCAR1 Gene
Variants for HCAR1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 12 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000666869 | -- | 122,730,925(-) | G/A | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1000884509 | -- | 122,731,204(-) | A/T | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1001340487 | -- | 122,728,228(-) | C/T | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
| rs1001520368 | -- | 122,730,748(-) | C/T | upstream_transcript_variant | |
| rs1001559176 | -- | 122,728,508(-) | C/T | 3_prime_UTR_variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
31.3% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.34;
53.62% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for HCAR1 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR1 Gene
Disorders for HCAR1 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| late-onset retinal degeneration |
|
|
Search HCAR1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for HCAR1
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HCAR1 Gene
Publications for HCAR1 Gene
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B). (PMID: 21454438) Offermanns S … IJzerman AP (Pharmacological reviews 2011) 2 3 4 58
- Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81. (PMID: 19047060) Liu C … Lovenberg TW (The Journal of biological chemistry 2009) 2 3 4 58
- Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes. (PMID: 11574155) Lee DK … O'Dowd BF (Gene 2001) 2 3 4 58
- Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis. (PMID: 18952058) Cai TQ … Waters MG (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2008) 2 3 58
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T … Sugano S (Nature genetics 2004) 3 4 58
Products for HCAR1 Gene
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- antibodies-online: Search results for 100 available GPR81 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- antibodies-online: Search results for 4 available GPR81 Proteins ranked by validation data
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- Quality Products:
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- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GPR81 gene related products
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Sources for HCAR1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
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