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Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded through pore-like structures into the extracellular space. It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS1 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to the hasA gene product of Streptococcus pyogenes, a glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and a recently described murine hyaluronan synthase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
HAS1 (Hyaluronan Synthase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HAS1 include Posterolateral Myocardial Infarction and Waldenstroem's Macroglobulinemia. Among its related pathways are Glycosaminoglycan metabolism and Metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include hyaluronan synthase activity. An important paralog of this gene is HAS3.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 25795779 |
GO:0016740 | transferase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0016757 | transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups | IEA | -- |
GO:0042802 | identical protein binding | IPI | 25795779 |
GO:0050501 | hyaluronan synthase activity | IEA,ISS | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Glycosaminoglycan metabolism | ||
2 | Metabolism |
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GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0006024 | glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process | TAS | 8798544 |
GO:0007155 | cell adhesion | TAS | 8798544 |
GO:0010764 | negative regulation of fibroblast migration | IMP | 19577615 |
GO:0030213 | hyaluronan biosynthetic process | IEA,TAS | -- |
GO:0036120 | cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus | IDA | 17324121 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine |
|
528-04-1 |
|
ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | · | 5c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | ||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | - |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | HAS1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HAS1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Has1 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Has1 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HAS1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HAS1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | HAS1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | HAS1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100491673 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | has1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 19 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs45625331 | Likely Benign: not provided | 51,713,921(-) |
C/T NM_001297436.2(HAS1):c.1240G>A (p.Val414Met) |
MISSENSE | |
rs7248778 | - |
p.Cys14Arg |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
posterolateral myocardial infarction |
|
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waldenstroem's macroglobulinemia |
|
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macroglobulinemia |
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rheumatoid arthritis |
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