Aliases for HAAO Gene
Aliases for HAAO Gene
External Ids for HAAO Gene
- HGNC: 4796
- Entrez Gene: 23498
- Ensembl: ENSG00000162882
- OMIM: 604521
- UniProtKB: P46952
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HAAO Gene
- GC02M042982
- GC02M043162
- GC02M042968
- GC02M042905
- GC02M042847
- GC02M042994
Summaries for HAAO Gene
-
3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase is a monomeric cytosolic protein belonging to the family of intramolecular dioxygenases containing nonheme ferrous iron. It is widely distributed in peripheral organs, such as liver and kidney, and is also present in low amounts in the central nervous system. HAAO catalyzes the synthesis of quinolinic acid (QUIN) from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. QUIN is an excitotoxin whose toxicity is mediated by its ability to activate glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Increased cerebral levels of QUIN may participate in the pathogenesis of neurologic and inflammatory disorders. HAAO has been suggested to play a role in disorders associated with altered tissue levels of QUIN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for HAAO Gene
HAAO (3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HAAO include Vertebral, Cardiac, Renal, And Limb Defects Syndrome 1. Among its related pathways are superpathway of tryptophan utilization and Viral mRNA Translation. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include iron ion binding and oxygen binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HAAO Gene
-
Catalyzes the oxidative ring opening of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, which spontaneously cyclizes to quinolinate.
Additional gene information for HAAO Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for HAAO at DataMed
- Search for HAAO at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HAAO Gene
Genomics for HAAO Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for HAAO Gene
Promoters and enhancers for HAAO Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around HAAO on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the HAAO gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for HAAO Gene
Genomic Locations for HAAO Gene
- chr2:42,767,089-42,793,138
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 26,050 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr2:42,994,229-43,019,751
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for HAAO Gene
Genes around HAAO on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 2p21 by Ensembl
- 2p21 by Entrez Gene
- 2p21 by HGNC
HAAO Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HAAO Gene
Proteins for HAAO Gene
-
Protein details for HAAO Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P46952-3HAO_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase
- Protein Accession:
- P46952
- A6NE56
- B4DIN2
- Q53QZ7
- Q8N6N9
Protein attributes for HAAO Gene
- Size:
- 286 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 32556 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Fe(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29033;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer.
Protein Expression for HAAO Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for HAAO Gene
- P46952:
-
- PPVCNKL
- VPHSPQR
- RKDYHIEEGEE
Post-translational modifications for HAAO Gene
No Post-translational modifications
Other Protein References for HAAO Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
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-
Abcam antibodies for HAAO
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HAAO
- GeneTex HAAO antibody for HAAO
-
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Protein Products
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-
Abcam proteins for HAAO
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for 9 available HAAO Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HAAO Elisa Kits
-
Quality Products:
Domains & Families for HAAO Gene
Gene Families for HAAO Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Enzymes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for HAAO Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HAAO Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P46952- Family:
-
- Belongs to the 3-HAO family.
Function for HAAO Gene
Molecular function for HAAO Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O(2) = 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Catalyzes the oxidative ring opening of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, which spontaneously cyclizes to quinolinate.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for HAAO Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for HAAO Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000334 | 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005506 | iron ion binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 16189514 |
| GO:0008198 | ferrous iron binding | IDA | 12007609 |
| GO:0009055 | electron transfer activity | NAS | 7514594 |
Phenotypes for HAAO Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for HAAO:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HAAO:
Animal Models for HAAO Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for HAAO:
-
- Haao tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi
Animal Model Products
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-
-
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-
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- Search ViGene Biosciences for HAAO
CRISPR Products
-
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- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
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-
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miRNA for HAAO Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target HAAO
-
- hsa-mir-4644 (MIRT460074)
- hsa-mir-5192 (MIRT460075)
- hsa-mir-4306 (MIRT460076)
- hsa-mir-185-5p (MIRT460077)
- hsa-mir-6088 (MIRT460078)
- hsa-mir-4770 (MIRT460079)
- hsa-mir-143-3p (MIRT460080)
- hsa-mir-6770-5p (MIRT460081)
- hsa-mir-7153-5p (MIRT460082)
- hsa-mir-146b-5p (MIRT460083)
- hsa-mir-146a-5p (MIRT460084)
- hsa-mir-589-5p (MIRT460085)
- hsa-mir-4795-5p (MIRT460086)
- hsa-mir-1252-5p (MIRT460087)
- hsa-mir-3919 (MIRT460088)
- hsa-mir-4773 (MIRT460089)
- hsa-mir-379-5p (MIRT490255)
- hsa-mir-3529-5p (MIRT490256)
- hsa-mir-3132 (MIRT490257)
- hsa-mir-197-5p (MIRT490258)
- hsa-mir-6835-5p (MIRT490259)
- hsa-mir-128-2-5p (MIRT490260)
- hsa-mir-128-1-5p (MIRT490261)
- hsa-mir-6781-5p (MIRT490262)
- hsa-mir-6721-5p (MIRT490263)
- hsa-mir-744-5p (MIRT490264)
- hsa-mir-4722-5p (MIRT490265)
- hsa-mir-4787-5p (MIRT490266)
- hsa-mir-4781-5p (MIRT490267)
- hsa-mir-6502-3p (MIRT490268)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HAAO
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- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
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Clone Products
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-
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for HAAO
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
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Horizon Cell Lines for HAAO
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HAAO gene
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ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HAAO gene
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No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HAAO Gene
Localization for HAAO Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HAAO Gene
- Cytoplasm.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
| GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome | IDA,HDA | 23376485 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for HAAO Gene
Pathways & Interactions for HAAO Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | superpathway of tryptophan utilization | ||
| 2 | Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism | ||
| 3 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 4 | Viral mRNA Translation | ||
| 5 | NAD metabolism |
.42
|
|
Pathways by source for HAAO Gene
7 BioSystems pathways for HAAO Gene
2 KEGG pathways for HAAO Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for HAAO Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P46952-3HAO_HUMAN
- Pathway: Cofactor biosynthesis; NAD(+) biosynthesis; quinolinate from L-kynurenine: step 3/3.
Interacting Proteins for HAAO Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P46952-3HAO_HUMAN
ENSP00000294973
for HAAO Gene via
IID
UniProtKB
STRING
MINT
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006569 | tryptophan catabolic process | TAS | -- |
| GO:0009435 | NAD biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0010043 | response to zinc ion | IDA | 12007609 |
| GO:0019363 | pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0019805 | quinolinate biosynthetic process | NAS | 7514594 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HAAO Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HAAO Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic acid semialdehyde |
|
16597-58-3 |
|
|||
| Fe2+ |
|
15438-31-0 |
|
Transcripts for HAAO Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HAAO Gene
- (6) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (4) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (51) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for HAAO Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HAAO
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
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-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HAAO
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HAAO
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HAAO
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for HAAO
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HAAO
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HAAO gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HAAO
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for HAAO
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | ^ | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - |
Expression for HAAO Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HAAO Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Liver (x18.2).
This gene is overexpressed in Liver, secretome (27.0) and Liver (10.8).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for HAAO Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of HAAO Gene:
HAAOSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HAAO Gene:
Hs.368805Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HAAO Gene
- Liver(4.5)
- Nervous system(4.3)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HAAO
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HAAO Gene
Orthologs for HAAO Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HAAO 33 34 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HAAO 33 34 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Haao 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Haao 33 16 34 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HAAO 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | HAAO 33 34 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | HAAO 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | haao 33 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | MGC68644 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | haao 33 34 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | haao-1 33 34 |
|
||
| A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii) |
Saccharomycetes | AGOS_ACL127W 33 |
|
||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | BNA1 33 34 36 |
|
||
| bread mold (Neurospora crassa) |
Ascomycetes | NCU03282 33 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for HAAO was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for HAAO Gene
No data available for Paralogs for HAAO Gene
Variants for HAAO Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 02 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs527656756 | pathogenic, Congenital NAD deficiency disorder, VERTEBRAL, CARDIAC, RENAL, AND LIMB DEFECTS SYNDROME 1 | 42,770,144(-) | A/AA | coding_sequence_variant, frameshift, stop_gained | |
| rs1000006332 | -- | 42,772,903(-) | G/GG | intron_variant | |
| rs1000012233 | -- | 42,791,460(-) | T/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000035950 | -- | 42,771,318(-) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs1000158418 | -- | 42,784,971(-) | A/G | intron_variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
90% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
8.56;
86.07% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for HAAO Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HAAO Gene
Disorders for HAAO Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1 |
|
Search HAAO in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for HAAO
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HAAO Gene
Publications for HAAO Gene
- Molecular cloning and functional expression of human 3-hydroxyanthranilic-acid dioxygenase. (PMID: 7514594) Malherbe P … Cesura AM (The Journal of biological chemistry 1994) 2 3 4 22 58
- Evidence for genes on chromosome 2 contributing to alcohol dependence with conduct disorder and suicide attempts. (PMID: 20468071) Dick DM … Bierut L (American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 2010) 3 44 58
- Coeliac disease-associated risk variants in TNFAIP3 and REL implicate altered NF-kappaB signalling. (PMID: 19240061) Trynka G … Wijmenga C (Gut 2009) 3 44 58
- Identification of candidate epigenetic biomarkers for ovarian cancer detection. (PMID: 19724865) Huang YW … Lin HJ (Oncology reports 2009) 3 22 58
- Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (PMID: 15815621) Hillier LW … Wilson RK (Nature 2005) 3 4 58
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- antibodies-online: Search results for 51 available HAAO Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HAAO Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for 9 available HAAO Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HAAO Elisa Kits
- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for 14 available HAAO Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top HAAO Proteins
- GeneTex HAAO antibody for HAAO
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HAAO
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HAAO gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HAAO gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HAAO gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HAAO
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for HAAO
- Search for HAAO Proteins at ProSci
- Horizon Cell Lines for HAAO
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 134 available HAAO gene related products
- Overview of 134 available HAAO gene related products
Sources for HAAO Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew