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Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Diversification of these genes has occurred in regions encoding substrate-binding domains, as well as in tissue expression patterns, to accommodate an increasing number of foreign compounds. Multiple transcript variants, each encoding a distinct protein isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GSTM4 (Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 and Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and glutathione transferase activity. An important paralog of this gene is GSTM1.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004364 | glutathione transferase activity | IEA,IDA | 8203914 |
GO:0004464 | leukotriene-C4 synthase activity | IEA,IDA | 27791009 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IEA,IPI | 25416956 |
GO:0016740 | transferase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0016829 | lyase activity | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA,IDA | 8373352 |
GO:0005829 | cytosol | IDA,TAS | -- |
GO:0045171 | intercellular bridge | IDA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 | ||
2 | Glutathione metabolism |
Glutathione metabolism
.60
|
|
3 | Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type | ||
4 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
5 | Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0006749 | glutathione metabolic process | IEA,IDA | 8373352 |
GO:0018916 | nitrobenzene metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0042178 | xenobiotic catabolic process | IDA | 8373352 |
GO:0042759 | long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process | IDA,TAS | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glutathione | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | Target | 0 | ||
Oxidized glutathione | Approved, Experimental, Investigational | Pharma | Target, activator | 0 | ||
Trichloroethylene | Approved | Pharma | 0 | |||
Water | Approved | Pharma | 0 | |||
1-Hydroxy-2-S-glutathionyl-3-para-nitrophenoxy-propane | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1R)-Glutathionyl-(2R)-hydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene |
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(1R)-Hydroxy-(2R)-glutathionyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene |
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(1S)-Hydroxy-(2S)-glutathionyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene |
|
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(1S,2R)-Naphthalene 1,2-oxide |
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1,1-Dichloroethylene epoxide |
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GSTM4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gstm4 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gstm4 30 17 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
Gstm2 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Gstm7 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Gm4845 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Gm6665 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Gstm6 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Gstm3 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Gstm1 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | LOC615514 30 |
|
||
GSTM4 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
GSTM1 31 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
GSTM2 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GSTM1 30 |
|
||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | zgc:173994 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
gstm 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
gstm3 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | gst-1 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
gst-23 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
gst-25 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
ManyToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 01 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs112330158 | - |
p.Tyr209Phe |
|||
rs112611763 | - |
p.Leu208Val |
|||
rs149370166 | - |
p.Val212Met |
|||
rs17838158 | - |
p.Ala160Val |
|||
rs200675176 | - |
p.Arg211Lys |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv15n111 | CNV | deletion | 26073780 |
dgv253n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
dgv254n100 | CNV | gain+loss | 25217958 |
dgv255n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
dgv256n100 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
dgv257n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
dgv258n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
dgv259n100 | CNV | gain+loss | 25217958 |
dgv77e212 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
esv25172 | CNV | gain+loss | 19812545 |
esv3587153 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
nsv1001758 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv2299 | CNV | deletion | 18451855 |
nsv510951 | OTHER | complex | 20534489 |
nsv547486 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv946133 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
No disorders were found for GSTM4 Gene.