Aliases for GSK3B Gene
Aliases for GSK3B Gene
External Ids for GSK3B Gene
- HGNC: 4617
- Entrez Gene: 2932
- Ensembl: ENSG00000082701
- OMIM: 605004
- UniProtKB: P49841
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for GSK3B Gene
- GC03M116184
- GC03M119174
- GC03M120822
- GC03M120866
- GC03M121028
- GC03M119540
- GC03M116916
Summaries for GSK3B Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene is a serine-threonine kinase belonging to the glycogen synthase kinase subfamily. It is a negative regulator of glucose homeostasis and is involved in energy metabolism, inflammation, ER-stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic pathways. Defects in this gene have been associated with Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]
GeneCards Summary for GSK3B Gene
GSK3B (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GSK3B include Alzheimer Disease and Usher Syndrome, Type Iia. Among its related pathways are ERK Signaling and mTOR Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is GSK3A.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GSK3B Gene
-
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on Thr-548, decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair. Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA). Negatively regulates replication in pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in apoptosis, loss of beta-cells and diabetes. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, decreasing the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Phosphorylates MARK2, leading to inhibit its activity. Phosphorylates SIK1 at Thr-182, leading to sustain its activity. Phosphorylates ZC3HAV1 which enhances its antiviral activity. Phosphorylates SNAI1, leading to its BTRC-triggered ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates SFPQ at Thr-687 upon T-cell activation. Phosphorylates NR1D1 st Ser-55 and Ser-59 and stabilizes it by protecting it from proteasomal degradation. Regulates the circadian clock via phosphorylation of the major clock components including ARNTL/BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2. Phosphorylates CLOCK AT Ser-427 and targets it for proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates ARNTL/BMAL1 at Ser-17 and Ser-21 and primes it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates OGT at Ser-3 or Ser-4 which positively regulates its activity. Phosphorylates MYCN in neuroblastoma cells which may promote its degradation (PubMed:24391509).
-
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine-threonine kinase with two isoforms (alpha and beta), that was originally discovered as an important enzyme in glycogen metabolism. GSK-3 was subsequently shown to function in cellular division, proliferation, motility and survival.
Additional gene information for GSK3B Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for GSK3B at DataMed
- Search for GSK3B at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for GSK3B Gene
Genomics for GSK3B Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for GSK3B Gene
Promoters and enhancers for GSK3B Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around GSK3B on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the GSK3B gene promoter:
-
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- HNF-4alpha1
- FOXO4
- FOXO1
- FOXO1a
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for GSK3B Gene
Genomic Locations for GSK3B Gene
- chr3:119,821,321-120,094,417
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 273,097 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr3:119,540,170-119,813,264
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 273,095 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for GSK3B Gene
Genes around GSK3B on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 3q13.33 by Entrez Gene
- 3q13.33 by HGNC
- 3q13.33 by Ensembl
GSK3B Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for GSK3B Gene
Proteins for GSK3B Gene
-
Protein details for GSK3B Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P49841-GSK3B_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
- Protein Accession:
- P49841
- D3DN89
- Q9BWH3
- Q9UL47
Protein attributes for GSK3B Gene
- Size:
- 420 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 46744 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer. Interacts with ARRB2, DISC1 and ZBED3 (By similarity). Interacts with CABYR, MMP2, MUC1, NIN and PRUNE1. Interacts with AXIN1; the interaction mediates hyperphosphorylation of CTNNB1 leading to its ubiquitination and destruction. Interacts with and phosphorylates SNAI1. Interacts with DNM1L (via a C-terminal domain). Found in a complex composed of MACF1, APC, AXIN1, CTNNB1 and GSK3B (By similarity). Interacts with SGK3. Interacts with DAB2IP (via C2 domain); the interaction stimulates GSK3B kinase activation. Interacts (via C2 domain) with PPP2CA. Interacts with the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. Interacts with the ARNTL/BMAL1. Interacts with CTNND2 (PubMed:19706605). Interacts with NCYM (PubMed:24391509). The complex composed, at least, of APC, CTNNB1 and GSK3B interacts with JPT1; the interaction requires the inactive form of GSK3B (phosphorylated at Ser-9) (PubMed:25169422). Forms a complex composed of PRKAR2A or PRKAR2B, GSK3B and GSKIP through GSKIP interaction; facilitates PKA-induced phosphorylation and regulates GSK3B activity (PubMed:27484798, PubMed:20007971, PubMed:25920809). Interacts with GSK3B; induces GSK3B-mediated phosphorylation of GSKIP (PubMed:16981698).
- Miscellaneous:
-
- Higher expression and activity of GSK3B are found in the skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) of patients with type 2 diabetes (PubMed:10868943). Several potent GSK3 (GSK3A and GSK3B) inhibitors have been identified and characterized in preclinical models for treatments of type 2 diabetes (PubMed:19366350).
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for GSK3B Gene
Protein Expression for GSK3B Gene
Post-translational modifications for GSK3B Gene
- Phosphorylated by AKT1 and ILK1. Upon insulin-mediated signaling, the activated PKB/AKT1 protein kinase phosphorylates and desactivates GSK3B, resulting in the dephosphorylation and activation of GYS1. Activated by phosphorylation at Tyr-216 (PubMed:25169422). Inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser-9 (Probable).
- Mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP10 negatively regulates kinase activity.
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for GSK3B Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- R&D Systems Antibodies for GSK3B (GSK-3 beta)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for GSK3B
- AM00066BT-N
- AM00066PU-N
- AM00067BT-N
- AM00067PU-N
- AM00068PU-N
- AM08186PU-N
- AM08186SE-N
- AM08187HR-N
- AM08187PU-N
- AM09012PU-N
- AM09012PU-S
- AP00214PU-N
- AP01596PU-N
- AP02304PU-N
- AP02304PU-S
- AP02535PU-N
- AP02535PU-S
- AP02546PU-N
- AP02546PU-S
- AP02786PU-N
- AP02786PU-S
- AP05624PU-N
- AP06391PU-N
- AP15080PU-N
- AP22680PU-N
- AP22887PU-N
- AP54981SU-N
- TA309159
- TA313125
- TA313126
- TA317698
- TA319263
- TA323060
- TA323991
- TA324570
- TA324769
- TA326007
- TA326008
- TA326426
- TA327940
- TA333208
- TA336772
- TA354389
- TA354454
- TA354463
- TA354486
- TA354671
- TA354672
- TA354673
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GSK3B
-
Abcam antibodies for GSK3B
- Invitrogen Antibodies for GSK3B (AFLGC-GSK3B)
- GeneTex GSK3B Antibody for GSK3B
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for GSK3B
- Sino Biological Antibodies for GSK3B
Protein Products
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for GSK3B (GSK-3 beta)
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for GSK3B
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for GSK3B
- Origene Custom Protein Services for GSK3B
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for GSK3B
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for GSK3B
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for GSK3B
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for GSK3B
-
Abcam proteins for GSK3B
Assay Products
- R&D Systems ELISAs, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, and other biochemical assays for GSK3B (GSK-3 beta)
-
Abcam assays for GSK3B
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for GSK3B Gene
Domains & Families for GSK3B Gene
Gene Families for GSK3B Gene
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Enzymes
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for GSK3B Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for GSK3B Gene
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P49841UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
GSK3B_HUMAN :- Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Function for GSK3B Gene
Molecular function for GSK3B Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on Thr-548, decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair. Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA). Negatively regulates replication in pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in apoptosis, loss of beta-cells and diabetes. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, decreasing the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Phosphorylates MARK2, leading to inhibit its activity. Phosphorylates SIK1 at Thr-182, leading to sustain its activity. Phosphorylates ZC3HAV1 which enhances its antiviral activity. Phosphorylates SNAI1, leading to its BTRC-triggered ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates SFPQ at Thr-687 upon T-cell activation. Phosphorylates NR1D1 st Ser-55 and Ser-59 and stabilizes it by protecting it from proteasomal degradation. Regulates the circadian clock via phosphorylation of the major clock components including ARNTL/BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2. Phosphorylates CLOCK AT Ser-427 and targets it for proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates ARNTL/BMAL1 at Ser-17 and Ser-21 and primes it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates OGT at Ser-3 or Ser-4 which positively regulates its activity. Phosphorylates MYCN in neuroblastoma cells which may promote its degradation (PubMed:24391509).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- ATP + [tau protein] = ADP + [tau protein] phosphate.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Activated by phosphorylation at Tyr-216. In response to insulin, inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser-9 by PKB/AKT1 and RPS6KA3; phosphorylation at this site causes a conformational change, preventing access of substrates to the active site. Inhibited by lithium.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,dual specificity protein-kinase,regulating glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle through Tyr activating or Ser/Thr inactivating prosphorylation,key downstream target of PI3-kinase/AKT survival signaling pathway and involved in the regulation of apoptosis,Drosophila Shaggy-Zeste-White 3 homolog,binding to APC-beta-catenin complex,
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for GSK3B Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for GSK3B Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001085 | RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding | IPI | 20864106 |
| GO:0002020 | protease binding | IPI | 25118933 |
| GO:0002039 | p53 binding | IDA | 14744935 |
| GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity | TAS | 22988876 |
| GO:0004674 | protein serine/threonine kinase activity | TAS,NAS | -- |
Phenotypes for GSK3B Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for GSK3B:
-
inferred from 10 alleles
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- nervous system phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- no phenotypic analysis
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- mortality/aging
- cellular phenotype
- craniofacial phenotype
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- normal phenotype
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- immune system phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for GSK3B:
-
- Increased mitotic index
- Decreased viability ratio
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased substrate adherent cell growth
- Decreased cell proliferation
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Negative genetic interaction between BLM-/- and BLM+/+
- Upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway after WNT3A stimulation
- Synthetic lethal with c-Myc after tamoxifen stimulation
- Reduced mammosphere formation
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Decreased viability
- no effect
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Resistant to vaccinia virus (VACV-A4L) infection
- Mildly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Increased transferrin (TF) endocytosis
- Decreased vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection
Animal Models for GSK3B Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for GSK3B
-
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GSK3B
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for GSK3B
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GSK3B
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for GSK3B
miRNA for GSK3B Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target GSK3B
-
- hsa-mir-26a-5p (MIRT004676)
- hsa-mir-29b-3p (MIRT006753)
- hsa-mir-155-5p (MIRT021044)
- hsa-mir-877-3p (MIRT036842)
- hsa-mir-425-5p (MIRT039319)
- hsa-mir-92a-3p (MIRT049345)
- hsa-mir-183-5p (MIRT053782)
- hsa-mir-96-5p (MIRT053783)
- hsa-mir-182-5p (MIRT053784)
- hsa-let-7a-3p (MIRT120263)
- hsa-let-7b-3p (MIRT120264)
- hsa-let-7f-1-3p (MIRT120265)
- hsa-let-7f-2-3p (MIRT120266)
- hsa-mir-98-3p (MIRT120267)
- hsa-mir-190a-3p (MIRT120269)
- hsa-mir-1185-2-3p (MIRT120272)
- hsa-mir-1185-1-3p (MIRT120273)
- hsa-mir-4789-5p (MIRT120275)
- hsa-mir-5011-5p (MIRT120276)
- hsa-mir-346 (MIRT437488)
- hsa-mir-199a-5p (MIRT438593)
- hsa-mir-409-5p (MIRT440532)
- hsa-mir-1277-5p (MIRT504732)
- hsa-mir-374b-5p (MIRT504733)
- hsa-mir-374a-5p (MIRT504734)
- hsa-mir-410-3p (MIRT504735)
- hsa-mir-5692c (MIRT504736)
- hsa-mir-5692b (MIRT504737)
- hsa-mir-513c-3p (MIRT504738)
- hsa-mir-369-3p (MIRT504739)
- hsa-mir-513a-3p (MIRT504740)
- hsa-mir-3606-3p (MIRT504741)
- hsa-mir-6083 (MIRT523376)
- hsa-mir-4465 (MIRT557458)
- hsa-mir-26b-5p (MIRT557459)
- hsa-mir-1297 (MIRT557460)
- hsa-mir-5697 (MIRT557461)
- hsa-mir-5683 (MIRT557462)
- hsa-mir-33a-3p (MIRT557463)
- hsa-mir-409-3p (MIRT557464)
- hsa-mir-1910-5p (MIRT557465)
- hsa-mir-8064 (MIRT611910)
- hsa-mir-4643 (MIRT611911)
- hsa-mir-8485 (MIRT611912)
- hsa-mir-383-3p (MIRT629076)
- hsa-mir-3065-3p (MIRT629077)
- hsa-mir-377-3p (MIRT657555)
- hsa-mir-6787-3p (MIRT657556)
- hsa-mir-548c-3p (MIRT657557)
- hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT727520)
- hsa-mir-195-5p (MIRT727521)
- hsa-mir-15b-5p (MIRT727522)
- hsa-mir-15a-5p (MIRT727523)
- hsa-mir-9-5p (MIRT731560)
- hsa-mir-769-5p (MIRT731812)
- hsa-mir-27a-3p (MIRT731878)
- hsa-mir-129-1-3p (MIRT732723)
- hsa-mir-99b-3p (MIRT732796)
- hsa-mir-29a-3p (MIRT732939)
- hsa-mir-26a-1-3p (MIRT733093)
- hsa-mir-501-5p (MIRT733572)
- hsa-mir-616-5p (MIRT733592)
- hsa-mir-1246 (MIRT733922)
- hsa-mir-942-5p (MIRT734436)
- hsa-mir-224-5p (MIRT734689)
- hsa-mir-29a-5p (MIRT735176)
- hsa-mir-744-5p (MIRT735406)
- hsa-mir-203a-3p (MIRT784132)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GSK3B
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GSK3B
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GSK3B
- Addgene plasmids for GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GSK3B
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for GSK3B
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for GSK3B
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for GSK3B Gene
Localization for GSK3B Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GSK3B Gene
- Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Note=The phosphorylated form shows localization to cytoplasm and cell membrane. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway controls localization of the phosphorylated form to the cell membrane.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| cytoskeleton | 5 |
| nucleus | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| mitochondrion | 4 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
- Nucleus (4)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA,IDA | 14744935 |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA,IDA | 14744935 |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005813 | centrosome | IDA | 17139249 |
Pathways & Interactions for GSK3B Gene
Pathways by source for GSK3B Gene
7 Sino Biological pathways for GSK3B Gene
2 GeneTex pathways for GSK3B Gene
57 BioSystems pathways for GSK3B Gene
57 Reactome pathways for GSK3B Gene
40 KEGG pathways for GSK3B Gene
30 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for GSK3B Gene
14 R&D Systems pathways for GSK3B Gene
6 Tocris pathways for GSK3B Gene
37 Qiagen pathways for GSK3B Gene
4 Cell Signaling Technology pathways for GSK3B Gene
Interacting Proteins for GSK3B Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P49841-GSK3B_HUMAN
ENSP00000324806
for GSK3B Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for GSK3B
SIGNOR curated interactions for GSK3B Gene
- Activates:
- Inactivates:
-
- GLI2
- JUN
- HSF1
- MAPT
- CCND1
- MYC
- NFATC2
- HNRNPD
- GLI3
- CTNNB1
- NEFH
- NOTCH2
- CCNE1
- NACA
- SNAI1
- DPYSL2
- PTEN
- SNCAIP
- CCND3
- MCL1
- SREBF1
- CDKN1A
- PSEN1
- CCND2
- MAP3K4
- MAPK14
- MAF
- MAFA
- MAFB
- SMAD1
- SMAD3
- EIF2B5
- EIF4EBP1
- NR3C1
- MAML1
- PHLPP1
- ARNTL
- CDC25A
- SFPQ
- HDAC4
- EIF2B1
- EIF2B2
- EIF2B3
- EIF2B4
- NEB
- CAMKK2
- GPHN
- NFE2L1
- RBM38
- KLF5
- MNX1
- Is activated by:
- Is inactivated by:
- Other effect:
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001837 | epithelial to mesenchymal transition | IMP | 15448698 |
| GO:0001954 | positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion | IMP | 18156211 |
| GO:0005975 | carbohydrate metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005977 | glycogen metabolic process | IDA | 8638126 |
| GO:0006468 | protein phosphorylation | TAS | 26049140 |
Drugs & Compounds for GSK3B Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium | Approved | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | 0 | ||
| fostamatinib | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | Kinase Inhibitors | 0 | |
| Citalopram | Approved | Pharma | 526 | |||
| Fluoxetine | Approved, Vet_approved | Pharma | Channel blocker, Antagonist, Inhibition, Inhibitor | 245 | ||
| Alsterpaullone | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADP |
|
Full agonist, Agonist, Partial agonist, Antagonist, Gating inhibitor | 58-64-0 |
|
(3) Tocris Compounds for GSK3B Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| Indirubin-3'-oxime | GSK-3beta inhibitor. Also inhibits other protein kinases | 160807-49-8 |
| MeBIO | Inactive analog of BIO (Cat. No. 3194) | 667463-95-8 |
| SB 216763 | Potent, selective GSK-3 inhibitor | 280744-09-4 |
Drug Products
Transcripts for GSK3B Gene
mRNA/cDNA for GSK3B Gene
- (4) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (9) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (218) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
-
- ENST00000473886 438 bps (uc062mwd.1)
- ENST00000474830 518 bps (uc062mwc.1)
- ENST00000316626 1636 bps (uc003edn.4)
- ENST00000264235 7711 bps (uc003edo.4)
Unigene Clusters for GSK3B Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GSK3B
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for GSK3B
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GSK3B
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for GSK3B
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GSK3B
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GSK3B
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GSK3B
- Addgene plasmids for GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GSK3B
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for GSK3B
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Expression for GSK3B Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Heart (Cardiovascular System)
- Atrioventricular Canal Cells Atrioventricular Canal
- Outflow Tract
-
Blood (Hematopoietic System)
- Granulocytes Peripheral Blood
-
Gonad (Reproductive System)
- Testis Somatic Cells Primitive Gonad
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
- Testis Somatic Cells Primitive Gonad
This gene is overexpressed in Fetal Brain (10.4).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for GSK3B Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of GSK3B Gene:
GSK3BSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for GSK3B Gene:
Hs.445733mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for GSK3B Gene:
P49841-GSK3B_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in testis, thymus, prostate and ovary and weakly expressed in lung, brain and kidney. Colocalizes with EIF2AK2/PKR and TAU in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for GSK3B Gene
- Liver(4.5)
- Eye(4.3)
- Nervous system(4)
- Muscle(3)
- Heart(2.9)
- Intestine(2.6)
- Kidney(2.6)
- Blood(2.4)
- Lung(2.4)
- Adrenal gland(2.3)
- Skin(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for GSK3B
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for GSK3B
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for GSK3B Gene
Orthologs for GSK3B Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GSK3B 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GSK3B 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GSK3B 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GSK3B 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GSK3B 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gsk3b 16 34 33 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gsk3b 33 |
|
||
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GSK3B 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | GSK3B 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gsk3b 33 |
|
||
| Str.19775 33 |
|
||||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xgsk-3 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | GSK3B (2 of 2) 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| gsk3b 34 33 33 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | gskt 34 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| Pk34A 35 |
|
|
|||
| sgg 34 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | Y18D10A.5 35 |
|
|
|
| gsk-3 34 33 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| C44H4.6 35 |
|
|
|||
| R03D7.5 35 |
|
|
|||
| F21F3.2 35 |
|
|
|||
| C36B1.10 35 |
|
|
|||
| Y106G6D.4 35 |
|
|
|||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | RIM11 36 34 |
|
||
| MRK1 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | SK13 33 |
|
||
| Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera) |
eudicotyledons | Vvi.7461 33 |
|
||
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os05g0134000 33 |
|
||
| corn (Zea mays) |
Liliopsida | Zm.6802 33 |
|
||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for GSK3B was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for GSK3B Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for GSK3B (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for GSK3B (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for GSK3B: view image
Paralogs for GSK3B Gene
Paralogs for GSK3B Gene
(23) SIMAP similar genes for GSK3B Gene using alignment to 4 proteins:
- GSK3B_HUMAN
- B5BUC0_HUMAN
- Q6FI27_HUMAN
- Q86TM2_HUMAN
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for GSK3B Gene
Variants for GSK3B Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 03 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000011870 | -- | 119,985,952(-) | C/A | intron_variant | |
| rs1000014717 | -- | 120,083,089(-) | G/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000016683 | -- | 119,859,106(-) | G/A | intron_variant | |
| rs1000020021 | -- | 119,954,918(-) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs1000026929 | -- | 120,040,637(-) | G/A | intron_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv883e199 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| esv22981 | CNV | loss | 19812545 |
| esv2516850 | CNV | deletion | 19546169 |
| esv2631534 | CNV | deletion | 19546169 |
| esv2666502 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| esv3562450 | CNV | deletion | 23714750 |
| esv3568979 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
| esv3597569 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv1073239 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
| nsv3964 | CNV | deletion | 18451855 |
| nsv478074 | CNV | novel sequence insertion | 20440878 |
| nsv478327 | CNV | novel sequence insertion | 20440878 |
| nsv507120 | OTHER | sequence alteration | 20534489 |
| nsv829696 | CNV | gain | 17160897 |
| nsv829697 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
| nsv955330 | CNV | duplication | 24416366 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
20.5% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.61;
13.12% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for GSK3B Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GSK3B Gene
Disorders for GSK3B Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| alzheimer disease |
|
|
| usher syndrome, type iia |
|
|
| bipolar disorder |
|
|
| alzheimer disease 2 |
|
|
| rippling muscle disease 2 |
|
|
Search GSK3B in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for GSK3B
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for GSK3B Gene
Publications for GSK3B Gene
- No significant association between the genetic polymorphisms in the GSK-3 beta gene and schizophrenia in the Chinese population. (PMID: 17368486) Meng J … He L (Journal of psychiatric research 2008) 3 22 44 58
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and tau genes interact in Alzheimer's disease. (PMID: 18991351) Kwok JB … Schofield PR (Annals of neurology 2008) 3 22 44 58
- First evidence of genetic association between AKT2 and polycystic ovary syndrome. (PMID: 18768676) Goodarzi MO … Azziz R (Diabetes care 2008) 3 22 44 58
- Preliminary evidence of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta as a genetic determinant of polycystic ovary syndrome. (PMID: 17270183) Goodarzi MO … Azziz R (Fertility and sterility 2007) 3 22 44 58
- Response to lithium augmentation in depression is associated with the glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta -50T/C single nucleotide polymorphism. (PMID: 17628506) Adli M … Bauer M (Biological psychiatry 2007) 3 22 25 58
Products for GSK3B Gene
- R&D Systems Antibodies for GSK3B (GSK-3 beta)
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for GSK3B (GSK-3 beta)
- R&D Systems ELISAs, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, and other biochemical assays for GSK3B (GSK-3 beta)
- Browse Human Proteins and Enzymes
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- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for GSK3B
- AM00066BT-N
- AM00066PU-N
- AM00067BT-N
- AM00067PU-N
- AM00068PU-N
- AM08186PU-N
- AM08186SE-N
- AM08187HR-N
- AM08187PU-N
- AM09012PU-N
- AM09012PU-S
- AP00214PU-N
- AP01596PU-N
- AP02304PU-N
- AP02304PU-S
- AP02535PU-N
- AP02535PU-S
- AP02546PU-N
- AP02546PU-S
- AP02786PU-N
- AP02786PU-S
- AP05624PU-N
- AP06391PU-N
- AP15080PU-N
- AP22680PU-N
- AP22887PU-N
- AP54981SU-N
- TA309159
- TA313125
- TA313126
- TA317698
- TA319263
- TA323060
- TA323991
- TA324570
- TA324769
- TA326007
- TA326008
- TA326426
- TA327940
- TA333208
- TA336772
- TA354389
- TA354454
- TA354463
- TA354486
- TA354671
- TA354672
- TA354673
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for GSK3B
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for GSK3B
- Origene Custom Protein Services for GSK3B
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GSK3B
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GSK3B
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for GSK3B
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for GSK3B
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GSK3B
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For GSK3B
- GenScript: Next-day shipping of latest version cDNA ORF clones for GSK3B in any vector
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GSK3B
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for GSK3B
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GSK3B
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for GSK3B
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GSK3B
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for GSK3B
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for GSK3B
- Sino Biological Antibodies for GSK3B
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse Recombinant Proteins
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- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GSK3B
- Novus Biologicals lysates and proteins for GSK3B
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for GSK3B
- Abcam proteins for GSK3B
- Abcam assays for GSK3B
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
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- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for GSK3B
- Invitrogen Antibodies for GSK3B (AFLGC-GSK3B)
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for GSK3B
- Addgene plasmids for GSK3B
- antibodies-online: Search results for available GSK3 beta related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available GSK3 beta related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available GSK3 beta related products ranked by validation data
- GeneTex GSK3B Antibody for GSK3B
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for GSK3B
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for GSK3B
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for GSK3B siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GSK3B
- Horizon Cell Lines for GSK3B
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GSK3 beta gene related products
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GSK3B
- GeneCopoeia miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for GSK3B
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GSK3B
Sources for GSK3B Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange