Free for academic non-profit institutions. Other users need a Commercial license
Goosecoidlike (GSCL), a homeodomain-containing gene, resides in the critical region for VCFS/DGS on 22q11. Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a developmental disorder characterized by conotruncal heart defects, craniofacial anomalies, and learning disabilities. VCFS is phenotypically related to DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and both syndromes are associated with hemizygous 22q11 del... See more...
Aliases for GSC2 Gene
Aliases for GSC2 Gene
External Ids for GSC2 Gene
- HGNC: 4613
- Entrez Gene: 2928
- Ensembl: ENSG00000063515
- OMIM: 601845
- UniProtKB: O15499
Previous HGNC Symbols for GSC2 Gene
- GSCL
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for GSC2 Gene
- GC22M017516
- GC22M019136
Summaries for GSC2 Gene
-
Goosecoidlike (GSCL), a homeodomain-containing gene, resides in the critical region for VCFS/DGS on 22q11. Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a developmental disorder characterized by conotruncal heart defects, craniofacial anomalies, and learning disabilities. VCFS is phenotypically related to DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and both syndromes are associated with hemizygous 22q11 deletions. Because many of the tissues and structures affected in VCFS/DGS derive from the pharyngeal arches of the developing embryo, it is believed that haploinsufficiency of a gene involved in embryonic development may be responsible for its etiology. The gene is expressed in a limited number of adult tissues, as well as in early human development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for GSC2 Gene
GSC2 (Goosecoid Homeobox 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GSC2 include Digeorge Syndrome and Velocardiofacial Syndrome. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and sequence-specific DNA binding. An important paralog of this gene is GSC.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for GSC2 Gene
-
May have a role in development. May regulate its own transcription. May bind the bicoid consensus sequence TAATCC.
Additional gene information for GSC2 Gene
- HGNC(4613)
- Entrez Gene(2928)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000063515)
- OMIM(601845)
- UniProtKB(O15499)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000063515)
- Search for GSC2 at DataMed
- Search for GSC2 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for GSC2 Gene
Genomics for GSC2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for GSC2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around GSC2 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for GSC2
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the GSC2 gene promoter:
-
- AP-2alpha
- AP-2alphaA
- AP-2beta
- E47
- GATA-1
- IRF-7A
- PPAR-gamma1
- PPAR-gamma2
Genomic Locations for GSC2 Gene
Genomic Locations for GSC2 Gene
- chr22:19,146,993-19,150,292
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 3,300 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr22:19,136,089-19,137,796
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 1,708 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for GSC2 Gene
Genes around GSC2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 22q11.21 by HGNC
- 22q11.21 by Entrez Gene
- 22q11.21 by Ensembl
GSC2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for GSC2 Gene
Proteins for GSC2 Gene
-
Protein details for GSC2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- O15499-GSC2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Homeobox protein goosecoid-2
- Protein Accession:
- O15499
Protein attributes for GSC2 Gene
- Size:
- 205 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 21545 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Protein Expression for GSC2 Gene
Post-translational modifications for GSC2 Gene
Other Protein References for GSC2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ GSC2 Antibody and Immunotag™ GSC2 Polyclonal Antibody
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GSC2
-
Abcam antibodies for GSC2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for GSC2 (AFLGC-GSC2)
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for GSC2
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for GSC2
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for GSC2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for GSC2
- Novus Biologicals proteins for GSC2
- antibodies-online: Show 3 available GSC2 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GSC2 Proteins
-
Quality Products:
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for available GSC2 related products ranked by validation data
-
Boster Bio ELISA Kits for GSC2
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for GSC2 Gene
Domains & Families for GSC2 Gene
Gene Families for GSC2 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Transcription factors
Protein Domains for GSC2 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for GSC2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Homeobox protein goosecoid-like (GSC2_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
O15499- Family:
-
- Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily.
Function for GSC2 Gene
Molecular function for GSC2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- May have a role in development. May regulate its own transcription. May bind the bicoid consensus sequence TAATCC.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for GSC2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000981 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | ISM | 19274049 |
| GO:0003677 | DNA binding | TAS | 9441739 |
| GO:0003700 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity | IDA | 9700206 |
| GO:0043565 | sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA | 23332764 |
Phenotypes for GSC2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for GSC2:
- inferred from 2 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for GSC2:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for GSC2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * GSC2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GSC2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GSC2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GSC2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GSC2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for GSC2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * GSC2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GSC2
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for GSC2
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for GSC2 Gene
Localization for GSC2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GSC2 Gene
- Nucleus.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 4 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000790 | nuclear chromatin | ISA | -- |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for GSC2 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for GSC2 Gene
Interacting Proteins for GSC2 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
O15499-GSC2_HUMAN
ENSP00000086933
for GSC2 Gene via
UniProtKB
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for GSC2
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006355 | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006357 | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA | 9700206 |
| GO:0009653 | anatomical structure morphogenesis | TAS | 9150167 |
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for GSC2 Gene
Transcripts for GSC2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for GSC2 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 1 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000086933 1033 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for GSC2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * GSC2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GSC2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GSC2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GSC2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GSC2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for GSC2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * GSC2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GSC2
Relevant External Links for GSC2 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- GSC2
Expression for GSC2 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for GSC2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Testis (x42.1).
This gene is overexpressed in Adipocyte (69.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for GSC2 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for GSC2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for GSC2 Gene:
Hs.534318mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for GSC2 Gene:
O15499-GSC2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Detected in adult testis and pituitary, and in 9-10 week fetal tissue (thorax). Probably expressed in other tissues at low levels.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for GSC2 Gene
- Nervous system(2.2)
- Skin(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for GSC2
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for GSC2 Gene
Orthologs for GSC2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gsc2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gsc2 30 |
|
||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GSC2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GSC2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GSC2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | GSC2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gsc2 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | LOC101885810 30 |
|
||
| zgc:101100 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Gsc 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | ceh-45 31 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for GSC2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- Dog (Canis familiaris)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for GSC2 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for GSC2 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for GSC2 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for GSC2: view image
Paralogs for GSC2 Gene
Paralogs for GSC2 Gene
- GSC 5
- ARX 5
- PHOX2A 5
- VSX2 5
- PHOX2B 5
- PITX2 5
- UNCX 5
- DRGX 5
- ESX1 5
- ALX3 5
- DMBX1 5
- PAX7 5
- PRRX2 5
- PITX3 5
- MIXL1 5
- PAX3 5
- PITX1 5
- PAX6 5
- OTP 5
- SHOX2 5
- RAX 5
- ALX1 5
- ISX 5
- ALX4 5
- PRRX1 5
- PROP1 5
- CRX 5
- OTX2 5
- OTX1 5
- PAX4 5
- RAX2 5
- SHOX 5
- HESX1 5
- ARGFX 5
- RHOXF2 5
- RHOXF2B 5
- DUX4 5
- EVX2 5
- NOBOX 5
- RHOXF1 5
- SEBOX 5
- EVX1 5
- PAX2 5
- DUXA 5
- PAX8 5
- DUXB 5
- PAX5 5
- DPRX 5
- PAX9 5
- PAX1 5
Variants for GSC2 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for GSC2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 22 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs34341950 | - | p.Arg47Cys |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv2435n106 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| esv3575418 | CNV | gain | 25503493 |
| nsv1056141 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv1072198 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
| nsv588213 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv588216 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv834122 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
Gene Damage Index Score:
5.00;
68.36% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for GSC2 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- GSC2
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GSC2 Gene
Disorders for GSC2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| digeorge syndrome |
|
|
| velocardiofacial syndrome |
|
|
Search GSC2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for GSC2
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for GSC2 Gene
Publications for GSC2 Gene
- The DiGeorge syndrome minimal critical region contains a goosecoid-like (GSCL) homeobox gene that is expressed early in human development. (PMID: 9150167) Gottlieb S … Budarf ML (American journal of human genetics 1997) 2 3 4 23
- Characterization and mutation analysis of goosecoid-like (GSCL), a homeodomain-containing gene that maps to the critical region for VCFS/DGS on 22q11. (PMID: 9441739) Funke B … Morrow BE (Genomics 1997) 3 4
- A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. (PMID: 32296183) Luck K … Calderwood MA (Nature 2020) 3
- DNA-binding specificities of human transcription factors. (PMID: 23332764) Jolma A … Taipale J (Cell 2013) 3
- Novel Loci for metabolic networks and multi-tissue expression studies reveal genes for atherosclerosis. (PMID: 22916037) Inouye M … de Bakker PI (PLoS genetics 2012) 3
ExternalLinks
Products for GSC2 Gene
- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for GSC2
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for GSC2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for GSC2
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GSC2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GSC2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for GSC2
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GSC2
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For GSC2
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GSC2
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GSC2
- Novus Biologicals proteins for GSC2
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for GSC2
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- Invitrogen Antibodies for GSC2 (AFLGC-GSC2)
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for GSC2 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for GSC2 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for GSC2 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for GSC2 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for GSC2
- antibodies-online: Show 6 available GSC2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GSC2 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for available GSC2 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Show 3 available GSC2 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GSC2 Proteins
- Quality Products:
- Horizon Cell Lines for GSC2
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for GSC2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GSC2
Sources for GSC2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB