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Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to a family of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), and function as ligand-activated cation channels. These channels are assembled from 4 related subunits, GRIA1-4. The subunit encoded by this gene (GRIA2) is subject to RNA editing (CAG->CGG; Q->R) within the second transmembrane domain, which is thought to render the channel impermeable to Ca(2+). Human and animal studies suggest that pre-mRNA editing is essential for brain function, and defective GRIA2 RNA editing at the Q/R site may be relevant to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) etiology. Alternative splicing, resulting in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, (including the flip and flop isoforms that vary in their signal transduction properties), has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GRIA2 (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GRIA2 include Status Epilepticus and Depression. Among its related pathways are Neuroscience and Nicotine addiction. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include ionotropic glutamate receptor activity and AMPA glutamate receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is GRIA4.
AMPA receptors are members of the ionotropic class of glutamate receptors, which also includes NMDA and kainate receptors. AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and play a role in hippocampal synaptic long-term potentiation and depression.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0001540 | amyloid-beta binding | NAS | 20032460 |
GO:0004970 | ionotropic glutamate receptor activity | IEA,IDA | 20614889 |
GO:0004971 | contributes_to AMPA glutamate receptor activity | TAS,NAS | 20032460 |
GO:0005216 | ion channel activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 12130635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | IEA | -- |
GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | IEA,TAS | -- |
GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | ISS | -- |
GO:0009897 | external side of plasma membrane | TAS | 21221849 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Trafficking of AMPA receptors | ||
2 | Circadian entrainment | ||
3 | Transmission across Chemical Synapses |
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|
|
4 | Amphetamine addiction | ||
5 | Long-term potentiation |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0006811 | ion transport | IEA | -- |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | TAS | 8003671 |
GO:0007268 | chemical synaptic transmission | TAS | 8003671 |
GO:0034220 | ion transmembrane transport | IEA | -- |
GO:0035235 | ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway | IEA,IDA | 20614889 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyclothiazide | Approved | Pharma | Allosteric regulator, Positive, inhibitor | 0 | ||
Butabarbital | Approved, Illicit | Pharma | Target, antagonist | 0 | ||
Butalbital | Approved, Illicit | Pharma | Target, antagonist | 0 | ||
Butethal | Approved, Illicit | Pharma | Target, antagonist | 0 | ||
Methylphenobarbital | Approved | Pharma | Target, antagonist | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital |
|
427-29-2 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
(R)-AMPA | Inactive isomer of (RS)-AMPA (Cat. No. 0169) | 83654-13-1 |
(RS)-AMPA | Selective AMPA agonist | 74341-63-2 |
L-Quisqualic acid | AMPA/group I mGlu agonist | 52809-07-1 |
Piracetam | Nootropic; modulates Na+-flux at AMPA receptors | 7491-74-9 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
(R)-AMPA | 83654-13-1 | |
(RS)-AMPA | 74341-63-2 | |
(RS)-AMPA hydrobromide | 171259-81-7 | |
(S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine | 140187-23-1 | |
(S)-AMPA | 83643-88-3 | |
(S)-CPW 399 | AMPA agonist,subtype-selective,weakly desensitizing | 389888-02-2 |
1-BCP | 34023-62-6 | |
ADX-47273 | 851881-60-2 | |
Ampalex | Ampakine and nootropic | 154235-83-3 |
Aniracetam | Nootropic drug for senile dementia | 72432-10-1 |
CFM-2 | 178616-26-7 | |
Cl-HIBO | 909400-43-7 | |
CMPDA | 380607-77-2 | |
CNQX | 115066-14-3 | |
CNQX disodium salt | 479347-85-8 | |
CP 465022 hydrochloride | AMPA receptor antagonist, non-competitive and selective | 199655-36-2 |
CX 546 | 215923-54-9 | |
Cyclothiazide | 2259-96-3 | |
Diazoxide | 364-98-7 | |
DNQX disodium salt | 1312992-24-7 | |
Evans Blue tetrasodium salt | potent inhibitor of AMPA and kainate receptor-mediated currents (GluRl and GIuR6) | 314-13-6 |
GYKI 47261 dihydrochloride | AMPA receptor antagonist, non-competitive and selective | 1217049-32-5 |
GYKI 52466 dihydrochloride | 102771-26-6 | |
GYKI 53655 hydrochloride | 143692-48-2 | |
IDRA 21 | 22503-72-6 | |
IEM 1460 | 121034-89-7 | |
IEM 1754 dihydrobroMide | 162831-31-4 | |
IEM 1925 dihydrobromide | 258282-23-4 | |
Ifenprodil Tartrate | NMDA receptor antagonist | 23210-58-4 |
Latrepirdine | Brain cell death inhibitor | 97657-92-6 |
L-Quisqualic acid | 52809-07-1 | |
LY451395 | Allosteric modulator | 375345-95-2 |
Naspm trihydrochloride | 1049731-36-3 | |
NBQX | 118876-58-7 | |
NBQX disodium salt | 479347-86-9 | |
NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid) | NMDA receptor agonist | 6384-92-5 |
Noopept | Nootropic and neuroprotective agent | 157115-85-0 |
NPEC-caged-(S)-AMPA | 1257323-84-4 | |
Pep1-AGL | ||
Pep1-TGL | ||
Pep2m, myristoylated | ||
PEPA | 141286-78-4 | |
Philanthotoxin 74 | 1227301-51-0 | |
S 18986 | 175340-20-2 | |
SYM 2206 | 173952-44-8 | |
UBP 282 | 544697-47-4 | |
VU 0361737 | MGlu4 receptor allosteric modulator | 1161205-04-4 |
VU 0364439 | Positive allosteric mGluR-4 modulator | 1246086-78-1 |
VU 0364770 | 61350-00-3 | |
YM 90K hydrochloride | 154164-30-4 | |
ZK 200775 | 161605-73-8 |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12 | ^ | 13 | ^ | 14 | ^ | 15 | ^ | 16 | ^ | 17a | · | 17b | ^ | 18a | · | 18b | ^ | 19 | ^ | 20 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | - |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GRIA2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GRIA2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GRIA2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GRIA2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gria2 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gria2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GRIA2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GRIA2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | GRIA2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gria2 30 |
|
||
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.8583 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | gria2a 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
gria2b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
gria2.2 30 |
|
||||
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG11155 32 |
|
|
|
Glu-RI 32 |
|
|
|||
CG9935 32 |
|
|
|||
Glu-RIB 32 |
|
|
|||
Kai-RIA 32 |
|
|
|||
CG15627 32 |
|
|
|||
Glu-RIIA 32 |
|
|
|||
CG4226 32 |
|
|
|||
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | glr-1 32 |
|
|
|
glr-4 32 |
|
|
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 04 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
680117 | Likely Benign: not provided | 157,341,256(+) | G/T | INTRON_VARIANT | |
720333 | Likely Benign: not provided | 157,221,704(+) | T/C | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,FIVE_PRIME_UTR_VARIANT | |
722703 | Benign: not provided | 157,321,522(+) | T/C | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
724491 | Likely Benign: not provided | 157,359,976(+) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
740420 | Likely Benign: not provided | 157,335,679(+) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv1038e214 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
esv1631445 | CNV | insertion | 17803354 |
esv2759291 | CNV | gain | 17122850 |
esv3602808 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
esv3602809 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
esv3602810 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
nsv1017691 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1018387 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1031579 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1073809 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
nsv1116403 | CNV | insertion | 24896259 |
nsv293530 | CNV | insertion | 16902084 |
nsv830123 | CNV | gain | 17160897 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
status epilepticus |
|
|
depression |
|
|
lateral sclerosis |
|
|
tarp syndrome |
|
|
motor neuron disease |
|