Aliases for GREM1 Gene
Aliases for GREM1 Gene
- Gremlin 1, DAN Family BMP Antagonist 2 3 5
- Cysteine Knot Superfamily 1, BMP Antagonist 1 2 3 4
- Down-Regulated In Mos-Transformed Cells Protein 3 4
- Cell Proliferation-Inducing Gene 2 Protein 3 4
- Colorectal Adenoma And Carcinoma 1 2 3
- DAN Domain Family Member 2 3 4
- CKTSF1B1 3 4
- DAND2 3 4
- IHG-2 3 4
- DRM 3 4
- Gremlin 1, Cysteine Knot Superfamily, Homolog (Xenopus Laevis) 2
- Gremlin 1, Cysteine Knot Superfamily, Homolog 3
- Increased In High Glucose Protein 2 4
- Increased In High Glucose-2 3
External Ids for GREM1 Gene
- HGNC: 2001
- Entrez Gene: 26585
- Ensembl: ENSG00000166923
- OMIM: 603054
- UniProtKB: O60565
Previous HGNC Symbols for GREM1 Gene
- CKTSF1B1
- CRAC1
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for GREM1 Gene
- GC15P030728
- GC15P030797
- GC15P033010
- GC15P009872
Summaries for GREM1 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
GeneCards Summary for GREM1 Gene
GREM1 (Gremlin 1, DAN Family BMP Antagonist) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GREM1 include Polyposis Syndrome, Hereditary Mixed, 1 and Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Wnt / Hedgehog / Notch and Angiogenesis (CST). Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and BMP binding. An important paralog of this gene is GREM2.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GREM1 Gene
-
Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed:27036124). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity).
Additional gene information for GREM1 Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for GREM1 at DataMed
- Search for GREM1 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for GREM1 Gene
Genomics for GREM1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for GREM1 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for GREM1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around GREM1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the GREM1 gene promoter:
-
- STAT3
- AP-2alpha
- AP-2alpha isoform 2
- AP-2alpha isoform 3
- AP-2alpha isoform 4
- AP-2alphaA
- p53
- GATA-3
- ATF
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for GREM1 Gene
Genomic Locations for GREM1 Gene
- chr15:32,717,974-32,745,107
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 27,134 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr15:33,010,175-33,026,870
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 16,696 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for GREM1 Gene
Genes around GREM1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 15q13.3 by Entrez Gene
- 15q13.3 by HGNC
- 15q13.3 by Ensembl
GREM1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for GREM1 Gene
Proteins for GREM1 Gene
-
Protein details for GREM1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- O60565-GREM1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Gremlin-1
- Protein Accession:
- O60565
- Q52LV3
- Q8N914
- Q8N936
Protein attributes for GREM1 Gene
- Size:
- 184 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 20697 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer; can also form homooligomers (PubMed:27036124). Interacts with BMP2; can form higher oligomers with BMP2 (PubMed:27036124). Interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation-dependent manner (By similarity).
Protein Expression for GREM1 Gene
Post-translational modifications for GREM1 Gene
Other Protein References for GREM1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- R&D Systems Antibodies for GREM1 (Gremlin)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for GREM1
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GREM1
-
Abcam antibodies for GREM1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for GREM1 (AFLGC-GREM1)
- antibodies-online: Search results for 141 available GREM1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GREM1 Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 31 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 1 IP Antibody (anti-mouse)
- 13 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 IP Antibody (anti-rat)
- 74 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 12 IF (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 4 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 IHC Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IP Antibody (anti-human)
- GeneTex Grem1 Antibody for GREM1
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for GREM1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for GREM1
- Sino Biological Antibodies for GREM1
Protein Products
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for GREM1 (Gremlin)
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for GREM1
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for GREM1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for GREM1
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for GREM1
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for GREM1
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for GREM1
- GeneTex Proteins for GREM1
-
Abcam proteins for GREM1
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for GREM1 Gene
Domains & Families for GREM1 Gene
Gene Families for GREM1 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Disease related genes
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for GREM1 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for GREM1 Gene
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
O60565- Family:
-
- Belongs to the DAN family.
Function for GREM1 Gene
Molecular function for GREM1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed:27036124). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- By high glucose through TGFB1-mediated pathways in mesangial cell. Down-regulated in tumor cell lines.
LifeMap Function Summary for GREM1 Gene
During embryonic development, GREM1 as signaling molecule is secreted from the following cells
- Kidney
It affects the following cells:
- Kidney
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for GREM1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 16545136 |
| GO:0016015 | morphogen activity | ISS | 9660951 |
| GO:0030297 | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity | ISS | -- |
| GO:0036122 | BMP binding | IDA,ISS | 9660951 |
Phenotypes for GREM1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for GREM1:
- inferred from 5 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for GREM1:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for GREM1
-
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GREM1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GREM1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for GREM1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GREM1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for GREM1
miRNA for GREM1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target GREM1
-
- hsa-mir-124-3p (MIRT022737)
- hsa-mir-4659b-3p (MIRT444026)
- hsa-mir-4659a-3p (MIRT444027)
- hsa-mir-203a-3p (MIRT444028)
- hsa-mir-4778-3p (MIRT444029)
- hsa-mir-100-3p (MIRT444030)
- hsa-mir-98-3p (MIRT617197)
- hsa-let-7f-1-3p (MIRT617198)
- hsa-let-7b-3p (MIRT617199)
- hsa-let-7a-3p (MIRT617200)
- hsa-mir-6740-5p (MIRT617201)
- hsa-mir-511-3p (MIRT617202)
- hsa-mir-4666a-3p (MIRT617203)
- hsa-mir-381-3p (MIRT617204)
- hsa-mir-300 (MIRT617205)
- hsa-mir-603 (MIRT617206)
- hsa-mir-8485 (MIRT617207)
- hsa-mir-27a-5p (MIRT733773)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GREM1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GREM1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GREM1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
Clone Products
-
OriGene ORF clones in human for GREM1
- RC210835
- RC210835L1
- RC210835L2
- RC210835L3
- RC210835L4
- RC230946
- RC230946L1
- RC230946L2
- RC230946L3
- RC230946L4
- RC230984
- RC230984L1
- RC230984L2
- RC230984L3
- RC230984L4
- RG210835
- RG230946
- RG230984
- RC210835L1V
- RC210835L2V
- RC210835L3V
- RC210835L4V
- RC230946L1V
- RC230946L2V
- RC230946L3V
- RC230946L4V
- RC230984L1V
- RC230984L2V
- RC230984L3V
- RC230984L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GREM1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GREM1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for GREM1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for GREM1 Gene
Localization for GREM1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GREM1 Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
| cytoskeleton | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | NAS | 9660951 |
| GO:0009986 | cell surface | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for GREM1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for GREM1 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Angiogenesis (CST) | ||
| 2 | Wnt / Hedgehog / Notch | ||
| 3 | Signaling by BMP | ||
| 4 | Loss of Function of SMAD2/3 in Cancer | ||
| 5 | Lung fibrosis | ||
Pathways by source for GREM1 Gene
3 BioSystems pathways for GREM1 Gene
2 Cell Signaling Technology pathways for GREM1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for GREM1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000902 | cell morphogenesis | IDA | 16545136 |
| GO:0001525 | angiogenesis | IEA | -- |
| GO:0001658 | branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | IEA | -- |
| GO:0002042 | cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis | ISS | 9660951 |
| GO:0002092 | positive regulation of receptor internalization | ISS | 9660951 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for GREM1 Gene
Transcripts for GREM1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for GREM1 Gene
- (4) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (13) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (279) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (3) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
-
- ENST00000622074 14606 bps (uc001zhe.3)
- ENST00000560677 623 bps (uc059hex.1)
- ENST00000560830 2648 bps (uc010uby.3)
Unigene Clusters for GREM1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for GREM1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for GREM1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for GREM1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GREM1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for GREM1
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GREM1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For GREM1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GREM1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
Clone Products
-
OriGene ORF clones in human for GREM1
- RC210835
- RC210835L1
- RC210835L2
- RC210835L3
- RC210835L4
- RC230946
- RC230946L1
- RC230946L2
- RC230946L3
- RC230946L4
- RC230984
- RC230984L1
- RC230984L2
- RC230984L3
- RC230984L4
- RG210835
- RG230946
- RG230984
- RC210835L1V
- RC210835L2V
- RC210835L3V
- RC210835L4V
- RC230946L1V
- RC230946L2V
- RC230946L3V
- RC230946L4V
- RC230984L1V
- RC230984L2V
- RC230984L3V
- RC230984L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GREM1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for GREM1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for GREM1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | · | 3d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | ||||||||||||||
| SP3: |
Expression for GREM1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Fibroblasts (Uncategorized)
-
Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Dorsal Neural Arch
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Lateral Neural Arch
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Spinous Process Of Vertebrae
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Central Neural Arch
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Vertebral Body
-
Cartilage (Muscoskeletal System)
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Dorsal Neural Arch
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Lateral Neural Arch
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Spinous Process Of Vertebrae
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Central Neural Arch
- Prechondrocytic Mesenchymal Cells Vertebral Body
- Dermis (Integumentary System)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Uncategorized)
- Umbilical Cord (Extraembryonic Tissues)
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
- Loose Mesenchyme Cells Metanephric Mesenchyme
- Metanephric Mesenchyme Cells Metanephric Mesenchyme
- Metanephros
- Inner Cell Mass (Early Embryonic Tissues)
- Blood (Hematopoietic System)
-
Hair (Integumentary System)
- Bulge Stem Cells Bulge
-
Head Mesenchyme (Muscoskeletal System)
- Dental Mesenchymal Cells Branchial Arch 1
-
Tooth
- Dental Mesenchymal Cells Branchial Arch 1
-
Limb (Muscoskeletal System)
- Limb Bud Mesenchyme Cells Limb Bud
-
Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Limb Bud Mesenchyme Cells Limb Bud
- Intermediate Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Neural Crest (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- NULL (Uncategorized)
- Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Prostate (Endocrine System)
- Lymph (Cardiovascular System)
- Tendon amp Ligament
- Intestine
-
Smooth Muscle (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Gall Bladder (Hepatobiliary System)
-
Esophagus (Gastrointestinal Tract)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for GREM1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction (x6.7).
This gene is overexpressed in Amniocyte (27.2), Gallbladder (23.9), and Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (8.9).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for GREM1 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of GREM1 Gene:
GREM1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for GREM1 Gene:
Hs.40098mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for GREM1 Gene:
O60565-GREM1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Expression is restricted to intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) at the crypt base. In subjects with HMPS1, by contrast, GREM1 is expressed, not only in basal ISEMFs, but also at very high levels in epithelial cells (predominantly colonocytes), with expression extending most of the way up the sides of the crypt. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for GREM1 Gene
- Intestine(4.6)
- Skin(4.4)
- Liver(4.2)
- Nervous system(3.5)
- Lung(2.8)
- Stomach(2.8)
- Gall bladder(2.3)
- Blood(2)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for GREM1 Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- digestive
Regions:
Abdomen:
- intestine
- large intestine
- small intestine
- stomach
Pelvis:
- rectum
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for GREM1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for GREM1
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available GREM1 gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners for GREM1 Gene
Orthologs for GREM1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GREM1 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GREM1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GREM1 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GREM1 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Grem1 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Grem1 16 34 33 |
|
||
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GREM1 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | grem1 33 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Cktsf1b1 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | LOC100005728 33 |
|
||
| grem1a 34 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| GREM1 (2 of 3) 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP007994 33 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | F35B12.10 34 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for GREM1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for GREM1 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for GREM1 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for GREM1 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for GREM1: view image
Paralogs for GREM1 Gene
Variants for GREM1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 15 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs146429140 | likely-benign, Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome | 32,720,217(+) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs183257520 | likely-benign, Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome | 32,729,893(+) | A/G | intron_variant | |
| rs754206331 | uncertain-significance, Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome | 32,730,859(+) | A/C | coding_sequence_variant, intron_variant, missense_variant | |
| rs768670395 | likely-benign, Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome | 32,719,675(+) | T/G | intron_variant | |
| rs869312795 | uncertain-significance, Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome | 32,730,963(+) | A/G | coding_sequence_variant, synonymous_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv4456n54 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| esv2422296 | CNV | duplication | 17116639 |
| esv33337 | CNV | gain+loss | 17666407 |
| esv3892661 | CNV | gain | 25118596 |
| nsv1052620 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv456785 | CNV | gain | 19166990 |
| nsv483039 | CNV | gain | 15286789 |
| nsv568913 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv568916 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| nsv832961 | CNV | gain | 17160897 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
36.7% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.51;
11.16% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for GREM1 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GREM1 Gene
Disorders for GREM1 Gene
(13) MalaCards diseases for GREM1 Gene - From: HGMD, OMIM, ClinVar, Orphanet, DISEASES, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| polyposis syndrome, hereditary mixed, 1 |
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| hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome |
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| familial colorectal cancer |
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| sclerosteosis |
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| pauci-immune glomerulonephritis |
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Search GREM1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
GREM1_HUMAN- Polyposis syndrome, mixed hereditary 1 (HMPS1) [MIM:601228]: A disease characterized by apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of multiple types of colorectal polyp, with colorectal carcinoma occurring in a high proportion of affected individuals. Patients can develop polyps of multiple and mixed morphologies, including serrated lesions, Peutz-Jeghers polyps, juvenile polyps, conventional adenomas and colorectal carcinoma in the absence of any identifiable extra-colonic features. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22561515}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. HMPS1 is caused by a duplication spanning the 3 end of the SCG5 gene and a region upstream of the GREM1 locus. This duplication is associated with increased allele-specific GREM1 expression that may cause reduced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway activity. This mechanism also underlies tumorigenesis in juvenile polyposis of the large bowel (PubMed:22561515). {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22561515}.
Additional Disease Information for GREM1
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for Genatlas for GREM1 Gene
Publications for GREM1 Gene
- The Xenopus dorsalizing factor Gremlin identifies a novel family of secreted proteins that antagonize BMP activities. (PMID: 9660951) Hsu DR … Harland RM (Molecular cell 1998) 2 3 4 22 58
- Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome is caused by a 40-kb upstream duplication that leads to increased and ectopic expression of the BMP antagonist GREM1. (PMID: 22561515) Jaeger E … Tomlinson I (Nature genetics 2012) 2 3 4 58
- A GREM1 gene variant associates with diabetic nephropathy. (PMID: 20150533) McKnight AJ … Warren 3/U.K. Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) Study Group (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2010) 3 22 44 58
- Evaluation of gremlin 1 (GREM1) as a candidate susceptibility gene for albuminuria-related traits in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (PMID: 19577778) Thameem F … Abboud HE (Metabolism: clinical and experimental 2009) 3 22 44 58
- IHG-2, a mesangial cell gene induced by high glucose, is human gremlin. Regulation by extracellular glucose concentration, cyclic mechanical strain, and transforming growth factor-beta1. (PMID: 10744662) McMahon R … Brady HR (The Journal of biological chemistry 2000) 3 4 22 58
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