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This gene encodes cytosolic alanine aminotransaminase 1 (ALT1); also known as glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 1. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate and, therefore, plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Serum activity levels of this enzyme are routinely used as a biomarker of liver injury caused by drug toxicity, infection, alcohol, and steatosis. A related gene on chromosome 16 encodes a putative mitochondrial alanine aminotransaminase.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]
GPT (Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GPT include Hepatitis and Viral Hepatitis. Among its related pathways are Arginine biosynthesis and Viral mRNA Translation. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include pyridoxal phosphate binding and L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity. An important paralog of this gene is GPT2.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0003824 | catalytic activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0004021 | L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity | IBA,NAS | 1931970 |
GO:0008483 | transaminase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0016740 | transferase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0030170 | pyridoxal phosphate binding | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IEA | -- |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome | HDA | 19056867 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Carbon metabolism | ||
2 | Metabolism |
.40
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|
3 | Alanine and aspartate metabolism | ||
4 | Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | ||
5 | Arginine biosynthesis |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0008652 | cellular amino acid biosynthetic process | TAS | -- |
GO:0009058 | biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0032869 | cellular response to insulin stimulus | IEA | -- |
GO:0042594 | response to starvation | IEA | -- |
GO:0042853 | L-alanine catabolic process | IEA | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenelzine | Approved | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | 10 | ||
Glutamic acid | Approved | Nutra | Agonist, Full agonist, Target | 304 | ||
Pyridoxal Phosphate | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | Target, cofactor | 16 | ||
Famotidine | Approved | Pharma | Histamine H2-receptor antagonist | 82 | ||
Pyruvic acid | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
---|
ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | · | 2d | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GPT 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GPT 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GPT 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gpt 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gpt 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GPT 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GPT 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gpt2 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | gpt2l 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG1640 31 32 |
|
OneToMany | |
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | C32F10.8 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii) |
Saccharomycetes | AGOS_AGR085W 30 |
|
||
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | ALT2 30 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
ALT1 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | GGT1 30 |
|
||
Rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os07g0108300 30 |
|
||
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 08 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
710602 | Benign: not provided | 144,504,672(+) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
710733 | Likely Benign: not provided | 144,504,336(+) | C/A | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
714261 | Likely Benign: not provided | 144,504,615(+) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
717393 | Benign: not provided | 144,506,731(+) | G/C | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
717394 | Benign: not provided | 144,506,797(+) | G/C | MISSENSE_VARIANT |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv1207n67 | CNV | gain | 20364138 |
dgv12434n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
dgv12439n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
dgv12442n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
dgv12443n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
dgv907n27 | CNV | loss | 19166990 |
esv29999 | CNV | loss | 17803354 |
esv3619130 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
nsv428208 | CNV | gain | 18775914 |
nsv470249 | CNV | loss | 18288195 |
nsv515809 | CNV | gain+loss | 19592680 |
nsv612940 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv612951 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv612962 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
nsv824810 | CNV | loss | 20364138 |
nsv831489 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
hepatitis |
|
|
viral hepatitis |
|
|
hepatitis d |
|
|
scrub typhus |
|
|
choledocholithiasis |
|