Free for academic non-profit institutions. Other users need a Commercial license

GPT Gene(Protein Coding)

Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase

GCID:
GC08P144502
GIFtS:
51
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for GPT Gene

Aliases for GPT Gene

  • Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase 2 3 5
  • Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase (Alanine Aminotransferase) 2 3
  • Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase 1 3 4
  • Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase 1 3 4
  • Alanine Aminotransferase 2 3
  • EC 2.6.1.2 4 56
  • GPT 1 3 4
  • ALT1 3 4
  • AAT1 3 4
  • GPT1 3 4
  • Glutamic--Alanine Transaminase 1 4
  • Glutamic-Alanine Transaminase 1 3
  • Alanine Aminotransferase 1 3

External Ids for GPT Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for GPT Gene

  • GC08P143295
  • GC08P145766
  • GC08P145333
  • GC08P145733
  • GC08P145734
  • GC08P145699
  • GC08P145632
  • GC08P145700
  • GC08P140843
  • GC08P145728

Summaries for GPT Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for GPT Gene

  • This gene encodes cytosolic alanine aminotransaminase 1 (ALT1); also known as glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 1. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate and, therefore, plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Serum activity levels of this enzyme are routinely used as a biomarker of liver injury caused by drug toxicity, infection, alcohol, and steatosis. A related gene on chromosome 16 encodes a putative mitochondrial alanine aminotransaminase.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

GeneCards Summary for GPT Gene

GPT (Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GPT include Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Among its related pathways are Arginine biosynthesis and Viral mRNA Translation. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include pyridoxal phosphate binding and L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity. An important paralog of this gene is GPT2.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GPT Gene

  • Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles (By similarity).

Additional gene information for GPT Gene

No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for GPT Gene

Genomics for GPT Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for GPT Gene

Promoters and enhancers for GPT Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier GH Type GH
Score		 GH Sources Gene Association Score Total Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor
Binding Sites		 Gene Targets
GH08I144500 Promoter/Enhancer 2.2 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 550.8 +0.5 495 4.5 MLX ARID4B DMAP1 ZNF48 ETS1 YY1 GLIS2 PAF1 RXRA SP5 GC08M144501 GC08M144502 GPT PPP1R16A RECQL4 LOC105375803
GH08I144785 Promoter/Enhancer 2.3 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 5.4 +287.5 287510 9 DMAP1 YY1 SLC30A9 E2F8 ZNF143 ZNF263 SP3 NFYC SSRP1 ZNF610 RPL8 ZNF34 PIR52884 VPS28 ZNF7 CPSF1 ZNF250 PARP10 COMMD5 LOC105375803
GH08I144948 Promoter/Enhancer 2 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE 4.7 +448.0 447978 2.6 PKNOX1 ATF1 ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZBTB7B ZNF48 YY1 ETS1 SLC30A9 ZNF16 ZNF7 CPSF1 VPS28 ZNF252P ADCK5 SLC52A2 COMMD5 PARP10 GPAA1
GH08I144506 Promoter/Enhancer 2.3 EPDnew Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 0.4 +6.7 6748 4 HDGF PKNOX1 CLOCK ARNT ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZNF2 ZBTB7B IRF4 MFSD3 ZNF7 CPSF1 VPS28 ZNF250 ZNF623 ZNF251 ENSG00000254533 LRRC14 ZNF707
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

GeneHancers around GPT on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the GPT gene promoter:

Genomic Locations for GPT Gene

Genomic Locations for GPT Gene
chr8:144,502,221-144,507,174
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
4,954 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand
chr8:145,728,356-145,732,557
(GRCh37/hg19)

Genomic View for GPT Gene

Genes around GPT on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
GPT Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for GPT Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for GPT Gene

Proteins for GPT Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for GPT Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P24298-ALAT1_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Alanine aminotransferase 1
    Protein Accession:
    P24298
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B0YJ18
    • D3DWM7
    • P78398
    • Q93076

    Protein attributes for GPT Gene

    Size:
    496 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    54637 Da
    Cofactor:
    Name=pyridoxal 5-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326;
    Quaternary structure:
    • Homodimer.

neXtProt entry for GPT Gene

Protein Expression for GPT Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for GPT Gene

P24298:
  • YAVRGPIV
  • RILQACGG
  • YIERRDGGI
  • KKPFTEVIRANIGDAQAMGQ
  • SVRLCPP
  • LLEETGIC
  • INPGNPTGQ
  • ELASFHS
  • IPIPQYPLYSA
  • YMGECGFRGGY
  • GICVVPGSGFGQ
  • ADEVYQDNVY
  • HFRMTILPP

Post-translational modifications for GPT Gene

No Post-translational modifications

Other Protein References for GPT Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Domains & Families for GPT Gene

Gene Families for GPT Gene

Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Enzymes
  • Plasma proteins
  • Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein Domains for GPT Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for GPT Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P24298

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

ALAT1_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
Family:
  • Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with GPT: view

Function for GPT Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line

Molecular function for GPT Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase)
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles (By similarity).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
By glucocorticoids.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for GPT Gene

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for GPT Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for GPT Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0004021 L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity NAS,EXP 1931970
GO:0008483 transaminase activity IEA --
GO:0016740 transferase activity IEA --
GO:0030170 pyridoxal phosphate binding IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with GPT: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with GPT: view

Animal Models for GPT Gene

MGI Knock Outs for GPT:
  • Gpt tm1.1(KOMP)Vlcg

Animal Model Products

CRISPR Products

Inhibitory RNA Products

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for GPT Gene

Localization for GPT Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GPT Gene

Cytoplasm.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for GPT gene
Compartment Confidence
extracellular 5
cytosol 5
mitochondrion 3
peroxisome 1
nucleus 1
endoplasmic reticulum 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for GPT Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005615 extracellular space IEA --
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA --
GO:0005829 cytosol TAS --
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome IDA,HDA 19056867
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with GPT: view

No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for GPT Gene

Pathways & Interactions for GPT Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with GPT: view

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P24298-ALAT1_HUMAN

  • Pathway: Amino-acid degradation; L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway; pyruvate from L-alanine: step 1/1.

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for GPT Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0008652 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process TAS --
GO:0009058 biosynthetic process IEA --
GO:0042853 L-alanine catabolic process IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with GPT: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for GPT Gene

Drugs & Compounds for GPT Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(99) Drugs for GPT Gene - From: DrugBank, HMDB, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Phenelzine Approved Pharma Target, inhibitor 7
Glutamic Acid Approved Nutra Full agonist, Agonist, Target 251
L-Alanine Approved Nutra Full agonist, Agonist, Target Glycine receptor agonist 0
Pyridoxal Phosphate Approved, Investigational Nutra Target, cofactor 17
Sarilumab Approved, Investigational Pharma Enzyme, inducer 0

(43) Additional Compounds for GPT Gene - From: Novoseek and HMDB

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
Oxoglutaric acid
  • 2-Ketoglutarate
  • 2-Ketoglutaric acid
  • 2-Oxo-1,5-pentanedioate
  • 2-Oxo-1,5-pentanedioic acid
  • 2-Oxoglutarate
 328-50-7
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with GPT: view

Transcripts for GPT Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone

mRNA/cDNA for GPT Gene

(2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(4) Additional mRNA sequences :
(30) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for GPT Gene

Glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase):
Representative Sequences:

CRISPR Products

Inhibitory RNA Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GPT Gene

ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b · 2c · 2d ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12
SP1: - - - - -
SP2: - -
SP3: - - -
SP4:
SP5:

Relevant External Links for GPT Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
GPT
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
GPT

Expression for GPT Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for GPT Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for GPT Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for GPT GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for GPT Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for GPT Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Liver (x14.3) and Colon - Transverse (x6.5).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for GPT Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Liver, secretome (20.8), Skin (12.2), and Liver (12.1).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for GPT Gene



NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of GPT Gene:

GPT

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for GPT Gene:

Hs.103502

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for GPT Gene:

P24298-ALAT1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles. Expressed at moderate levels in the adipose tissue.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for GPT Gene

  • Liver(4.7)
  • Nervous system(4.1)
  • Muscle(2.5)
  • Kidney(2.2)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with GPT: view

Primer Products

No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for GPT Gene

Orthologs for GPT Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for GPT Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia GPT 33 34
  • 99.06 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia GPT 33 34
  • 87.09 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia GPT 33 34
  • 86.69 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Gpt 33
  • 84.14 (n)
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Gpt 33 16 34
  • 83 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia GPT 34
  • 76 (a)
 OneToOne
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia GPT 34
  • 75 (a)
 OneToOne
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia -- 34
  • 71 (a)
 OneToMany
-- 34
  • 70 (a)
 OneToMany
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia gpt2 33
  • 70.46 (n)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii gpt2l 33 34
  • 68.33 (n)
fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta CG1640 35 34
  • 53 (a)
worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea C32F10.8 34
  • 54 (a)
 OneToMany
A. gosspyii yeast
(Ashbya gossypii)
 Saccharomycetes AGOS_AGR085W 33
  • 51.15 (n)
baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 Saccharomycetes ALT2 33 34
  • 48.36 (n)
ALT1 34
  • 37 (a)
 ManyToMany
thale cress
(Arabidopsis thaliana)
 eudicotyledons GGT1 33
  • 50.65 (n)
rice
(Oryza sativa)
 Liliopsida Os07g0108300 33
  • 51.68 (n)
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 34
  • 62 (a)
 OneToMany
Species where no ortholog for GPT was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • chicken (Gallus gallus)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for GPT Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for GPT (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for GPT (if available)

Paralogs for GPT Gene

Paralogs for GPT Gene

(1) SIMAP similar genes for GPT Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with GPT: view

Variants for GPT Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for GPT Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 08 pos Variation AA Info Type
rs1063739 benign, GLUTAMIC PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE POLYMORPHISM 144,504,344(+) C/A/G coding_sequence_variant, missense_variant
rs1000047051 -- 144,503,476(+) G/A genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant, upstream_transcript_variant
rs1000157569 -- 144,501,278(+) G/C upstream_transcript_variant
rs1000462056 -- 144,501,501(+) G/A upstream_transcript_variant
rs1000709364 -- 144,505,225(+) C/T intron_variant

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for GPT Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv831489 CNV loss 17160897
nsv824810 CNV loss 20364138
nsv612962 CNV loss 21841781
nsv612951 CNV loss 21841781
nsv612940 CNV loss 21841781
nsv515809 CNV gain+loss 19592680
nsv470249 CNV loss 18288195
nsv428208 CNV gain 18775914
esv3619130 CNV gain 21293372
esv29999 CNV loss 17803354
dgv907n27 CNV loss 19166990
dgv12443n54 CNV loss 21841781
dgv12442n54 CNV loss 21841781
dgv12439n54 CNV loss 21841781
dgv12434n54 CNV loss 21841781
dgv1207n67 CNV gain 20364138

Variation tolerance for GPT Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 60.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 8.61; 86.24% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for GPT Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
GPT
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
GPT

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GPT Gene

Disorders for GPT Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(60) MalaCards diseases for GPT Gene - From: HGMD, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
hepatitis
  • hepatitis a
liver disease
  • disorder of liver
choledocholithiasis
acute liver failure
  • acute hepatic failure
hepatitis c
  • chronic hepatitis c
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search GPT in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Additional Disease Information for GPT

Genetic Association Database
(GAD)
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with GPT: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for GPT Gene

Publications for GPT Gene

  1. Typing classical polymorphisms by real-time PCR: analysis of the GPT and ALAD protein polymorphisms in the Jewish populations. (PMID: 18432999) Zoossmann-Diskin A … Turner D (American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 2008) 3 22 44 58
  2. cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase. (PMID: 11863375) Yang RZ … Gong DW (Genomics 2002) 3 4 22 58
  3. Human glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT): localization to 8q24.3, cDNA and genomic sequences, and polymorphic sites. (PMID: 9119391) Sohocki MM … Daiger SP (Genomics 1997) 3 4 22 58
  4. Complete amino acid sequence of human liver cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (GPT) determined by a combination of conventional and mass spectral methods. (PMID: 1931970) Ishiguro M … Titani K (Biochemistry 1991) 3 4 22 58
  5. Higher levels of alanine aminotransferase within the reference range predict unhealthy metabolic phenotypes of obesity in normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (PMID: 20433554) Mojiminiyi OA … Al Mohammedi H (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) 2010) 3 22 58

Products for GPT Gene

Sources for GPT Gene

Content
Loading form....