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Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized specifically in cones. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]
GNGT2 (G Protein Subunit Gamma Transducin 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GNGT2 include Night Blindness, Congenital Stationary, Autosomal Dominant 2 and Retinitis Pigmentosa 17. Among its related pathways are Translation Translation regulation by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and Sweet Taste Signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTPase activity and obsolete signal transducer activity. An important paralog of this gene is GNGT1.
Heterotrimeric G proteins are membrane bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. Each G protein contains an alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit and is bound to GDP in the 'off' state. Ligand binding causes a receptor conformational change, detaching the G protein and switching it 'on'.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0003924 | GTPase activity | IDA,NAS | 9286705 |
GO:0031681 | G-protein beta-subunit binding | IBA | 21873635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005834 | heterotrimeric G-protein complex | NAS | 9286705 |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0031680 | G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex | IBA | 21873635 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Development Angiotensin activation of ERK |
Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK
.73
Development Angiotensin activation of ERK
.73
Development Angiotensin signaling via PYK2
.68
Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling
.65
|
Development EDNRB signaling
.54
Development EPO-induced MAPK pathway
.48
Cell adhesion Integrin inside-out signaling
.45
Signal transduction IP3 signaling
.40
|
2 | G-Beta Gamma Signaling |
G-Beta Gamma Signaling
.46
GHRH Signaling
.46
CRHR Pathway
.44
|
Relaxin Pathway
.37
Hedgehog Signaling in Mammals
.32
Signaling in Gap Junctions
.30
|
3 | ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 |
Signal transduction cAMP signaling
.43
|
|
4 | Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors | ||
5 | ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 |
Development Angiotensin signaling via beta-Arrestin
.39
|
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | NAS | 9286705 |
GO:0007602 | phototransduction | NAS | 9286705 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[D-Trp7,9,10]-Substance P |
|
89430-38-6 |
|
|
||
G-Protein antagonist peptide |
|
143675-79-0 |
|
|
||
Gue 1654 |
|
397290-30-1 |
|
|
||
mastoparan |
|
72093-21-1 |
|
|
||
SCH 202676 hydrobromide |
|
265980-25-4 |
|
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
[D-Trp7,9,10]-Substance P | Inhibits M1 ACh receptor activation of Gq/11 | 89430-38-6 |
G-Protein antagonist peptide | Inhibits G protein activation by GPCRs | 143675-79-0 |
Gue 1654 | Selective inhibitor of OXE-R Gbetagamma signaling | 397290-30-1 |
Mastoparan | Activates Gi and Go | 72093-21-1 |
SCH 202676 hydrobromide | Inhibitor of ligand binding to G-protein-coupled receptors | 265980-25-4 |
ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | · | 6d | · | 6e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GNGT2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GNGT2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GNGT2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gngt2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gngt2 30 |
|
||
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GNGT2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | LOC100859179 30 |
|
||
GNGT2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | GNGT2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gngt2.1 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | gngt2a 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
gngt2b 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
gngt2 30 |
|
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 17 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs9895097 | - | p.Leu11Phe |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
night blindness, congenital stationary, autosomal dominant 2 |
|
|
retinitis pigmentosa 17 |
|
|
enhanced s-cone syndrome |
|
|
night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1a |
|
|
cone-rod dystrophy 2 |
|
|