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This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. The protein is expressed in a broad range of cell types, acts as a pleiotropic cytokine and is involved in the stress response program of cells after cellular injury. Increased protein levels are associated with disease states such as tissue hypoxia, inflammation, acute injury and oxidative stress. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
GDF15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GDF15 include Heart Disease and Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia. Among its related pathways are NF-KappaB Family Pathway and Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and transforming growth factor beta receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is BMP8A.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 19060904 |
GO:0008083 | growth factor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0042803 | protein homodimerization activity | IEA,IDA | 29046435 |
GO:0070700 | BMP receptor binding | IBA | 21873635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS,IDA | 28572090 |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IBA,IDA | 25893289 |
GO:0005634 | nucleus | IDA | 25893289 |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IDA | 25893289 |
GO:0005794 | Golgi apparatus | IDA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts |
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
.85
Mitochondrial Apoptosis
.85
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
.84
p53 Mediated Apoptosis
.84
DHA Signaling
.74
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
.72
PPAR Pathway
.66
|
Rac1 Pathway
.65
Glioma Invasiveness
.64
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
ERK5 Signaling
.61
eIF2 Pathway
.60
Rap1 Pathway
.57
Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
.57
|
2 | GPCR Pathway |
Paxillin Interactions
.73
Ras Pathway
.73
GPCR Pathway
.62
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
.59
|
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
.58
NFAT in Immune Response
.58
Estrogen Pathway
.55
|
3 | ERK Signaling |
ERK Signaling
.61
Rho Family GTPases
.61
MAPK Signaling
.58
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
.51
ILK Signaling
.49
|
4 | Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency |
GSK3 Signaling
.62
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
.62
|
14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
.59
eNOS Signaling
.48
|
5 | CREB Pathway |
CREB Pathway
.68
IP3 Pathway
.68
|
Activation of PKC through GPCR
.63
Intracellular Calcium Signaling
.50
|
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000187 | activation of MAPK activity | IEA,IDA | 28953886 |
GO:0002023 | reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess | IEA,IDA | 28846097 |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | TAS | 9326641 |
GO:0007179 | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | TAS | 9348093 |
GO:0007267 | cell-cell signaling | TAS | 9326641 |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GDF15 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GDF15 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GDF15 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gdf15 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gdf15 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GDF15 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GDF15 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ndr1 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | daf-7 31 |
|
OneToOne |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 19 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
716361 | Benign: not provided | 18,386,195(+) | C/T | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
744604 | Benign: not provided | 18,388,480(+) | C/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
780551 | Benign: not provided | 18,388,357(+) | G/A | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
780552 | Benign: not provided | 18,388,358(+) | C/A | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
rs1058587 | - | p.His202Asp |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
heart disease |
|
|
congenital dyserythropoietic anemia |
|
|
oral cavity cancer |
|
|
colorectal cancer |
|
|
pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
|
|