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This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GAPDH include Aging and Schistosomiasis. Among its related pathways are Glucose metabolism and Cori Cycle. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include identical protein binding and NAD binding. An important paralog of this gene is GAPDHS.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
GO:0004365 | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity | IBA,NAS | 3170585 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 11724794 |
GO:0008017 | microtubule binding | ISS | -- |
GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005634 | nucleus | IDA,ISS | -- |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | ISS | -- |
GO:0005811 | lipid droplet | IDA | 14741744 |
GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
GO:0005856 | cytoskeleton | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Glucose metabolism |
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)
.58
.52
|
.46
|
2 | Carbon metabolism | ||
3 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
4 | Salmonella infection (KEGG) | ||
5 | Glucose / Energy Metabolism |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000226 | microtubule cytoskeleton organization | ISS | -- |
GO:0001819 | positive regulation of cytokine production | IDA | 22832495 |
GO:0006006 | glucose metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0006094 | gluconeogenesis | TAS | -- |
GO:0006096 | glycolytic process | IBA | 21873635 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NADH | Approved | Nutra | Target | 0 | ||
Copper | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target | 271 | ||
Xanthinol | Approved, Withdrawn | Pharma | Target, cofactor | 0 | ||
NADPH | Experimental | Pharma | 0 | |||
4-(2-Aminoethyl)Benzenesulfonyl Fluoride | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate |
|
591-57-1 | ||||
Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate |
|
38168-82-0 |
|
|||
Hydrogen Ion |
|
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
CGP 3466B maleate | GAPDH inhibitor | 200189-97-5 |
ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | · | 4c | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | · | 5c | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | · | 6d | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | · | 8c | ^ | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP7: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GAPDH 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GAPDH 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GAPDH 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gapdh 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gapdh 30 17 |
|
||
Gm12117 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
Gapdh-ps15 17 |
|
|
|||
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GAPDH 30 |
|
||
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gapdh 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | gapdh 30 |
|
||
-- 30 |
|
||||
Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.1292 30 |
|
||
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Gapdh1 30 |
|
||
African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP009623 30 |
|
||
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | gpd-3 30 |
|
||
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | TDH3 30 33 |
|
||
TDH1 33 |
|
|
|||
TDH2 33 |
|
|
|||
K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis) |
Saccharomycetes | KLLA0F20988g 30 |
|
||
Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera) |
eudicotyledons | Vvi.7665 30 |
|
||
Soybean (Glycine max) |
eudicotyledons | Gma.5505 30 |
|
||
Rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os08g0126300 30 |
|
||
Os.22781 30 |
|
||||
Bread mold (Neurospora crassa) |
Ascomycetes | NCU01528 30 |
|
||
Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) |
Schizosaccharomycetes | gpd3 30 |
|
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 12 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs1062429 | - |
p.Lys251Asn |
|||
rs45541435 | - |
p.Ala22Gly |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
aging |
|
|
schistosomiasis |
|
|
alzheimer disease |
|
|
cataract 4, multiple types |
|
|
cataract 34, multiple types |
|
|