Free for academic non-profit institutions. Other users need a Commercial license
The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, as well as in peripheral sites such as the small intestine and heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GALR1 (Galanin Receptor 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GALR1 include Chromosome 18Q Deletion Syndrome and Mood Disorder. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and neuropeptide binding. An important paralog of this gene is GALR3.
Galanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the endocrine system. Three different galanin receptors (GAL1-3) have been identified. Disruption of galanin expression or galanin receptor signaling is seen in many multifactoral conditions.
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier | GH Type | GH Score |
GH Sources | Gene Association Score | Total Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites |
Gene Targets |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GH18J077250 | Promoter | 0.8 | EPDnew Ensembl | 611.4 | +0.7 | 653 | 0.2 | EZH2 ZBTB26 | GALR1 HSALNG0122622 | |
GH18J077251 | Enhancer | 0.3 | FANTOM5 | 607.7 | +1.9 | 1934 | 0.3 | EZH2 | GALR1 HSALNG0122622 piR-33614-129 | |
GH18J077223 | Enhancer | 0.5 | Ensembl | 4.8 | -25.9 | -25947 | 1.4 | CEBPB JUN FOS JUND EP300 MAFK MAFF | GALR1 piR-53114-012 piR-52294-064 ENSG00000265844 MBP | |
GH18J077254 | Enhancer | 0.4 | ENCODE | 0.7 | +5.0 | 4978 | 0.5 | NFE2 BACH1 MAFK | GALR1 HSALNG0122622 piR-33614-129 | |
GH18J077262 | Enhancer | 0.6 | Ensembl | 0.4 | +13.3 | 13329 | 1.2 | CEBPA CEBPB FOS FOXA2 JUND FOXP1 FOSL2 ZNF189 GATA3 DPF2 | GALR1 HSALNG0122622 piR-33614-129 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004930 | G protein-coupled receptor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0004966 | galanin receptor activity | TAS,IDA | 24517231 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 20171159 |
GO:0008528 | G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0017046 | peptide hormone binding | IDA | 24517231 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005623 | cell | IEA | -- |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | TAS | 7524088 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors |
.34
|
|
2 | Signaling by GPCR |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
GO:0007189 | adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | IEA | -- |
GO:0007194 | negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity | TAS,IEA | -- |
GO:0007204 | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | IEA | -- |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
galanin(2?àó29) (rat/mouse) |
|
Agonist, Full agonist |
|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Galanin (1-15) (porcine, rat) | Galanin receptor agonist peptide | 112747-70-3 |
Galanin (1-29) (rat, mouse) | Non-selective galanin receptor agonist | 114547-31-8 |
Galanin (1-30) (human) | Endogenous galanin receptor agonist | 119418-04-1 |
Galanin (2-29) (rat) | Selective GAL2 peptide agonist | 141696-11-9 |
Galnon | Non-selective galanin receptor agonist | 475115-35-6 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Galanin (1-15) (porcine, rat) | 112747-70-3 | |
Galanin (1-29) (rat, mouse) | 114547-31-8 | |
Galanin (1-30) (human) | 119418-04-1 | |
Galanin (2-29) (rat) | 141696-11-9 | |
Galanin (porcine) | 88813-36-9 | |
Galnon | 475115-35-6 | |
M 1145 | 1172089-00-7 | |
M40 | 143896-17-7 | |
M617 | 860790-38-1 | |
M871 | 908844-75-7 |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GALR1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GALR1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GALR1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Galr1 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Galr1 30 |
|
||
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | GALR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GALR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GALR1 30 |
|
||
GALR 31 |
|
OneToOne | |||
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | GALR1 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | galr1 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | galr1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | AlstR 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |
AR-2 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | CELE_Y54E2A.1 30 |
|
||
ZK455.3 32 |
|
|
|||
npr-9 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv1005e212 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
dgv1006e212 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
dgv196n21 | CNV | gain | 19592680 |
dgv3407n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
esv2169580 | CNV | deletion | 18987734 |
esv2717388 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717435 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717436 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717437 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717438 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717439 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717441 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2717442 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
esv2751779 | CNV | gain | 17911159 |
esv2758740 | CNV | loss | 17122850 |
esv3397365 | CNV | duplication | 20981092 |
esv3583165 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
esv3643201 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
esv7653 | CNV | loss | 19470904 |
nsv1071868 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
nsv1121539 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
nsv130653 | CNV | deletion | 16902084 |
nsv2364 | CNV | insertion | 18451855 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
chromosome 18q deletion syndrome |
|
|
mood disorder |
|
|
lynch syndrome i |
|
|