GALR1 Gene (Protein Coding)

Galanin Receptor 1

GC18P077250
GIFtS:
45
The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, as well ... See more...

Aliases for GALR1 Gene

Aliases for GALR1 Gene

  • Galanin Receptor 1 2 3 5
  • Galanin Receptor Type 1 3 4
  • GALNR1 3 4
  • GAL1-R 3 4
  • GALR-1 3 4
  • GALNR 3 4
  • GALR1 5

External Ids for GALR1 Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for GALR1 Gene

  • GALNR1
  • GALNR

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for GALR1 Gene

  • GC18M074531
  • GC18P075110
  • GC18P074724
  • GC18P073088
  • GC18P073090
  • GC18P074962
  • GC18P071642

Summaries for GALR1 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for GALR1 Gene

  • The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, as well as in peripheral sites such as the small intestine and heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for GALR1 Gene

GALR1 (Galanin Receptor 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GALR1 include Chromosome 18Q Deletion Syndrome and Arboleda-Tham Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and neuropeptide binding. An important paralog of this gene is GALR3.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for GALR1 Gene

  • Receptor for the hormone galanin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity.

Tocris Summary for GALR1 Gene

  • Galanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the endocrine system. Three different galanin receptors (GAL1-3) have been identified. Disruption of galanin expression or galanin receptor signaling is seen in many multifactoral conditions.

Gene Wiki entry for GALR1 Gene

Additional gene information for GALR1 Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for GALR1 Gene

Genomics for GALR1 Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for GALR1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Identifier GH Type GH
Score		 GH Sources Gene Association Score Total Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor
Binding Sites		 Gene Targets
GH18J077250 Promoter 0.8 EPDnew Ensembl 261.4 +0.7 652 0.2 EZH2 ZBTB26 GALR1 HSALNG0122622
GH18J077249 Promoter 0.8 Ensembl 262.6 -0.3 -347 1 ZIC2 ZNF610 ZNF341 SP2 SCRT1 GLIS1 ZNF18 KLF1 ZBTB8A EZH2 GALR1 HSALNG0122622 HSALNG0122621 MBP
GH18J077253 Enhancer 0.4 Ensembl 250.7 +1.1 1053 0.2 REST ZNF202 EZH2 GALR1 HSALNG0122622 ZNF236
GH18J077251 Enhancer 0.3 FANTOM5 257.7 +1.9 1934 0.3 EZH2 GALR1 HSALNG0122622 HSALNG0122623
GH18J077223 Enhancer 0.4 Ensembl 4.8 -25.9 -25947 1.4 CEBPB EP300 MAFF FOS HSALNG0122619 GALR1 HSALNG0122620 ENSG00000265844 MBP
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around GALR1 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for GALR1

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the GALR1 gene promoter:
  • AhR
  • Bach1
  • FOXD3
  • Msx-1
  • POU2F1
  • POU2F1a
  • PPAR-gamma1
  • PPAR-gamma2
  • S8

Genomic Locations for GALR1 Gene

Latest Assembly
chr18:77,249,848-77,277,900
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
28,053 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Previous Assembly
chr18:74,961,804-74,989,856
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
28,053 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

chr18:74,962,505-74,980,858
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
18,354 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for GALR1 Gene

Genes around GALR1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
GALR1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for GALR1 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for GALR1 Gene

Proteins for GALR1 Gene

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  • Protein details for GALR1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P47211-GALR1_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Galanin receptor type 1
    Protein Accession:
    P47211
    Secondary Accessions:
    • Q4VBL7

    Protein attributes for GALR1 Gene

    Size:
    349 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    38953 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    No Data Available

neXtProt entry for GALR1 Gene

Post-translational modifications for GALR1 Gene

  • Palmitoylated on at least one of the three cysteine residues present in the C-terminal part.
  • Glycosylation at Asn7, Asn12, and Asn183
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for GALR1 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for GALR1 Gene

Domains & Families for GALR1 Gene

Gene Families for GALR1 Gene

HGNC:
IUPHAR :
Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • G-protein coupled receptors
  • Predicted membrane proteins

Protein Domains for GALR1 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • Galanin receptor signature
  • Galanin 1 receptor signature
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for GALR1 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Galanin receptor type 1 (GALR1_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P47211

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

GALR1_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with GALR1: view

Function for GALR1 Gene

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Molecular function for GALR1 Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Receptor for the hormone galanin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity.
GENATLAS Biochemistry:
galanin receptor 1,G protein coupled receptor superfamily,linked to voltage gated calcium channel,expressed in brain,also coexpressed with GALN in ciliary epithelium predominantly signaling through inhibition of adenylate cyclase

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for GALR1 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for GALR1 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0004930 G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA --
GO:0004966 galanin receptor activity TAS,IDA 24517231
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 20171159
GO:0008528 G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity IBA 21873635
GO:0017046 peptide hormone binding IDA 24517231
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with GALR1: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with GALR1: view

Animal Models for GALR1 Gene

MGI Knock Outs for GALR1:

Animal Models for research

  • Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for GALR1

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GALR1

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for GALR1 Gene

Localization for GALR1 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GALR1 Gene

Cell membrane. Multi-pass membrane protein.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for GALR1 gene
Compartment Confidence
plasma membrane 5
nucleus 2
extracellular 1
cytoskeleton 1
mitochondrion 1
endoplasmic reticulum 1
cytosol 1
lysosome 1

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Nucleoplasm (2)
  • Plasma membrane (2)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for GALR1 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm IDA --
GO:0005886 plasma membrane TAS --
GO:0005887 integral component of plasma membrane IBA 21873635
GO:0016020 membrane IEA --
GO:0016021 integral component of membrane TAS 7524088
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with GALR1: view

Pathways & Interactions for GALR1 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with GALR1: view

SIGNOR curated interactions for GALR1 Gene

Activates:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for GALR1 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0007165 signal transduction IEA --
GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS --
GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA --
GO:0007194 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity TAS,IEA --
GO:0007204 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with GALR1: view

Drugs & Compounds for GALR1 Gene

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(59) Drugs for GALR1 Gene - From: PharmGKB, ApexBio, DGIdb, IUPHAR, Tocris, and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Bupropion Approved Pharma 409
Nicotine Approved Pharma 1603
Galnon Pharma Agonist Non-selective galanin receptor agonist 0
M40 Pharma Antagonist 0
M617 Pharma Agonist 0

(3) Additional Compounds for GALR1 Gene - From: IUPHAR and Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
galanin(2?àó29) (rat/mouse)
Agonist, Full agonist

(5) Tocris Compounds for GALR1 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Galanin (1-15) (porcine, rat) Galanin receptor agonist peptide 112747-70-3
Galanin (1-29) (rat, mouse) Non-selective galanin receptor agonist 114547-31-8
Galanin (1-30) (human) Endogenous galanin receptor agonist 119418-04-1
Galanin (2-29) (rat) Selective GAL2 peptide agonist 141696-11-9
Galnon Non-selective galanin receptor agonist 475115-35-6

(10) ApexBio Compounds for GALR1 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Galanin (1-15) (porcine, rat) 112747-70-3
Galanin (1-29) (rat, mouse) 114547-31-8
Galanin (1-30) (human) 119418-04-1
Galanin (2-29) (rat) 141696-11-9
Galanin (porcine) 88813-36-9
Galnon 475115-35-6
M 1145 1172089-00-7
M40 143896-17-7
M617 860790-38-1
M871 908844-75-7
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with GALR1: view

Drug products for research

Transcripts for GALR1 Gene

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mRNA/cDNA for GALR1 Gene

1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
5 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for GALR1

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GALR1 Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for GALR1 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
GALR1

Expression for GALR1 Gene

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  1. Primer products for research
  2. Gene Expression Assays for research

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for GALR1 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for GALR1 Gene
mRNA expression by GTEx for GALR1 GenemRNA expression by BioGPS for GALR1 Gene

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for GALR1 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Pituitary (x11.1).

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for GALR1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for GALR1 Gene:

Hs.272191

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for GALR1 Gene

  • Nervous system(4.4)
  • Intestine(4.3)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with GALR1: view

Primer products for research

No data available for Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for GALR1 Gene

Orthologs for GALR1 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for GALR1 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia GALR1 30 31
  • 99.24 (n)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia GALR1 30 31
  • 91.79 (n)
 OneToOne
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia GALR1 30 31
  • 89.78 (n)
 OneToOne
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Galr1 30 17 31
  • 87.64 (n)
 OneToOne
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Galr1 30
  • 86.51 (n)
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia GALR1 31
  • 84 (a)
 OneToOne
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia GALR1 31
  • 74 (a)
 OneToOne
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves GALR1 30
  • 85.39 (n)
GALR 31
  • 83 (a)
 OneToOne
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia GALR1 31
  • 78 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia galr1 30
  • 75.78 (n)
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii galr1 30 31
  • 70.28 (n)
 OneToOne
Fruit Fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta AlstR 31 32
  • 31 (a)
 ManyToMany
AR-2 31 32
  • 31 (a)
 ManyToMany
Worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea CELE_Y54E2A.1 30
  • 43.13 (n)
ZK455.3 32
  • 30 (a)
npr-9 31
  • 23 (a)
 OneToMany
Sea Squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 31
  • 35 (a)
 OneToMany
Species where no ortholog for GALR1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for GALR1 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for GALR1 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for GALR1 (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for GALR1: view image

Paralogs for GALR1 Gene

Paralogs for GALR1 Gene

(33) SIMAP similar genes for GALR1 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:

  • GALR1_HUMAN
genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with GALR1: view

Variants for GALR1 Gene

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Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for GALR1 Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 18 pos Variation AA Info Type
rs1143093 - p.Trp15Cys
rs5376 - p.Ser334Asn
rs5377 - p.Pro342Leu

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for GALR1 Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for GALR1 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv1005e212 CNV loss 25503493
dgv1006e212 CNV loss 25503493
dgv196n21 CNV gain 19592680
dgv3407n100 CNV gain 25217958
esv2169580 CNV deletion 18987734
esv2717388 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717435 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717436 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717437 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717438 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717439 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717441 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2717442 CNV deletion 23290073
esv2751779 CNV gain 17911159
esv2758740 CNV loss 17122850
esv3397365 CNV duplication 20981092
esv3583165 CNV loss 25503493
esv3643201 CNV loss 21293372
esv7653 CNV loss 19470904
nsv1071868 CNV deletion 25765185
nsv1121539 CNV deletion 24896259
nsv130653 CNV deletion 16902084
nsv2364 CNV insertion 18451855

Variation tolerance for GALR1 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 39.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 4.28; 62.71% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for GALR1 Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
GALR1
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
GALR1

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GALR1 Gene

Disorders for GALR1 Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(4) MalaCards diseases for GALR1 Gene - From: COP

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
chromosome 18q deletion syndrome
  • chromosome 18q- syndrome
arboleda-tham syndrome
  • arths
lynch syndrome i
  • colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 1; hnpcc1
disease of mental health
  • mental health
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search GALR1 in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Additional Disease Information for GALR1

Genetic Association Database
(GAD)
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
(HuGE)
Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with GALR1: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for GALR1 Gene

Publications for GALR1 Gene

  1. Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes. (PMID: 17083333) Belfer I … Enoch MA (Genes, brain, and behavior 2007) 3 23 41
  2. Human galanin (GAL) and galanin 1 receptor (GALR1) variations are not involved in fat intake and early onset obesity. (PMID: 15930442) Schäuble N … Hinney A (The Journal of nutrition 2005) 3 23 41
  3. Structural organization of the mouse and human GALR1 galanin receptor genes (Galnr and GALNR) and chromosomal localization of the mouse gene. (PMID: 9367674) Jacoby AS … Iismaa TP (Genomics 1997) 3 4 23
  4. Cloning, chromosomal location, and transcriptional regulation of the human galanin-1 receptor gene (GALN1R). (PMID: 9425310) Lorimer DD … Benya RV (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1997) 3 4 23
  5. Molecular cloning of a functional human galanin receptor. (PMID: 7524088) Habert-Ortoli E … Mayaux JF (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994) 2 3 4

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for GALR1 gene in Mastermind

Products for GALR1 Gene

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Sources for GALR1 Gene