Aliases for EXD1 Gene
Aliases for EXD1 Gene
External Ids for EXD1 Gene
- HGNC: 28507
- Entrez Gene: 161829
- Ensembl: ENSG00000178997
- UniProtKB: Q8NHP7
Previous HGNC Symbols for EXD1 Gene
- EXDL1
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for EXD1 Gene
- GC15M039264
- GC15M041474
- GC15M018323
Summaries for EXD1 Gene
GeneCards Summary for EXD1 Gene
EXD1 (Exonuclease 3'-5' Domain Containing 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include nucleic acid binding and 3-5 exonuclease activity.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for EXD1 Gene
-
RNA-binding component of the PET complex, a multiprotein complex required for the processing of piRNAs during spermatogenesis. The piRNA metabolic process mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposable elements, preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (By similarity). The PET complex is required during the secondary piRNAs metabolic process for the PIWIL2 slicing-triggered loading of PIWIL4 piRNAs. In the PET complex, EXD1 probably acts as an RNA adapter. EXD1 is an inactive exonuclease (By similarity).
No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for EXD1 Gene
Genomics for EXD1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for EXD1 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for EXD1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around EXD1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the EXD1 gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for EXD1 Gene
Genomic Locations for EXD1 Gene
- chr15:41,182,725-41,231,074
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 48,350 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr15:41,474,923-41,522,941
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for EXD1 Gene
Genes around EXD1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 15q15.1 by Ensembl
- 15q15.1 by Entrez Gene
- 15q15.1 by HGNC
EXD1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for EXD1 Gene
Proteins for EXD1 Gene
-
Protein details for EXD1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q8NHP7-EXD1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- piRNA biogenesis protein EXD1
- Protein Accession:
- Q8NHP7
- A8K909
- B7Z839
- Q6ZW94
Protein attributes for EXD1 Gene
- Size:
- 514 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 58335 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer (By similarity). Component of the PET complex, at least composed of EXD1, PIWIL2, TDRD12 and piRNAs (By similarity).
Protein Expression for EXD1 Gene
Post-translational modifications for EXD1 Gene
Other Protein References for EXD1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for EXD1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for EXD1
- antibodies-online: Search results for available EXD1 related products ranked by validation data
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for EXD1
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for EXD1
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for EXD1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for EXD1
- antibodies-online: Search results for available EXD1 related products ranked by validation data
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for EXD1
-
Abcam proteins for EXD1
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for available EXD1 related products ranked by validation data
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for EXD1 Gene
Domains & Families for EXD1 Gene
Gene Families for EXD1 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for EXD1 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for EXD1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q8NHP7UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
EXD1_HUMAN :- The 3-5 exonuclease domain lacks the conserved Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp (DEDD) residues that coordinates divalent ions essential for exonuclease activity.
- Belongs to the EXD1 family.
- Domain:
-
- The 3-5 exonuclease domain lacks the conserved Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp (DEDD) residues that coordinates divalent ions essential for exonuclease activity.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the EXD1 family.
Function for EXD1 Gene
Molecular function for EXD1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- RNA-binding component of the PET complex, a multiprotein complex required for the processing of piRNAs during spermatogenesis. The piRNA metabolic process mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposable elements, preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (By similarity). The PET complex is required during the secondary piRNAs metabolic process for the PIWIL2 slicing-triggered loading of PIWIL4 piRNAs. In the PET complex, EXD1 probably acts as an RNA adapter. EXD1 is an inactive exonuclease (By similarity).
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | ISS | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 25416956 |
| GO:0008408 | NOT 3-5 exonuclease activity | ISS | -- |
| GO:0042803 | protein homodimerization activity | ISS | -- |
Phenotypes for EXD1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for EXD1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for EXD1:
Animal Models for EXD1 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for EXD1:
-
- Exd1 tm1Embrp
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for EXD1
-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for EXD1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for EXD1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for EXD1
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for EXD1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for EXD1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for EXD1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for EXD1
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for EXD1
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for EXD1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For EXD1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for EXD1 gene
Clone Products
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for EXD1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for EXD1
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for EXD1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for EXD1
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for EXD1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for EXD1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for EXD1 gene
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog , Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for EXD1 Gene
Localization for EXD1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for EXD1 Gene
- Cytoplasm. Note=Component of the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during meiosis. {ECO:0000250 UniProtKB:H9IUR0}.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0043186 | P granule | ISS | -- |
| GO:1990923 | PET complex | ISS,IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for EXD1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for EXD1 Gene
No Data Available
Interacting Proteins for EXD1 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q8NHP7-EXD1_HUMAN
ENSP00000321029
for EXD1 Gene via
IID
STRING
UniProtKB
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006139 | nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0031047 | gene silencing by RNA | ISS | -- |
| GO:0034587 | piRNA metabolic process | ISS,IEA | -- |
| GO:0051321 | meiotic cell cycle | IEA | -- |
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for EXD1 Gene
Transcripts for EXD1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for EXD1 Gene
- (10) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (4) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (4) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (5) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for EXD1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for EXD1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for EXD1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for EXD1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for EXD1
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for EXD1
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, sirna, and shrna products in human, mouse, rat for EXD1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For EXD1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for EXD1 gene
Clone Products
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for EXD1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for EXD1
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for EXD1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - |
Expression for EXD1 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for EXD1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Testis (x47.3).
This gene is overexpressed in Cerebrospinal fluid (67.8).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for EXD1 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of EXD1 Gene:
EXD1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for EXD1 Gene:
Hs.307999Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for EXD1 Gene
- Nervous system(4.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for EXD1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for EXD1
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for EXD1 Gene
Orthologs for EXD1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | EXD1 33 34 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | EXD1 33 34 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | EXD1 33 34 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Exd1 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Exd1 33 16 34 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | EXD1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | EXD1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | EXD1 33 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | EXD1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | exd1 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | exd1 33 34 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | egl 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | egal-1 34 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for EXD1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for EXD1 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for EXD1 Gene
Variants for EXD1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 15 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000114497 | -- | 41,191,710(-) | T/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000163484 | -- | 41,190,442(-) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs1000169695 | -- | 41,196,830(-) | A/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000176898 | -- | 41,217,862(-) | C/T | genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant | |
| rs1000398413 | -- | 41,185,568(-) | C/T | intron_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv4499n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| nsv1039906 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv1129379 | OTHER | inversion | 24896259 |
| nsv1138357 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv476391 | CNV | novel sequence insertion | 20440878 |
| nsv569231 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| nsv958016 | CNV | deletion | 24416366 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
37.6% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
1.53;
29.77% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for EXD1 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- EXD1
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for EXD1 Gene
Disorders for EXD1 Gene
Additional Disease Information for EXD1
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No disorders were found for EXD1 Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for EXD1 Gene
Publications for EXD1 Gene
- Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. (PMID: 20379614) Rose JE … Uhl GR (Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 2010) 3 44 58
- Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PMID: 12477932) Strausberg RL … Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002) 2 3 58
- A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. (PMID: 25416956) Rolland T … Vidal M (Cell 2014) 3 58
- Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15. (PMID: 16572171) Zody MC … Nusbaum C (Nature 2006) 4 58
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T … Sugano S (Nature genetics 2004) 4 58
Products for EXD1 Gene
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- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for EXD1
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- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for EXD1
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for EXD1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for EXD1
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- Novus Biologicals
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- Abcam proteins for EXD1
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- Cloud-Clone Corp. primary cells service
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for EXD1
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for EXD1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for EXD1
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- antibodies-online: Search results for available EXD1 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available EXD1 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available EXD1 related products ranked by validation data
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for EXD1
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for EXD1
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for EXD1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for EXD1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for EXD1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for EXD1
- Horizon Cell Lines for EXD1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 93 available EXD1 gene related products
- Overview of 93 available EXD1 gene related products
Sources for EXD1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
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