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The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. EGFR is a component of the cytokine storm that sometimes results from a severe form of human infection of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]
EGFR is widely recognized for its importance in cancer. Amplification and mutations have been shown to be driving events in many cancer types. Its role in non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma and basal-like breast cancers has spurred many research and drug development efforts. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown efficacy in EGFR amplfied tumors, most notably gefitinib and erlotinib. Mutations in EGFR have been shown to confer resistance to these drugs, particularly the variant T790M, which has been functionally characterized as a resistance marker for both of these drugs. The later generation TKI's have seen some success in treating these resistant cases, and targeted sequencing of the EGFR locus has become a common practice in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Overproduction of ligands is another possible mechanism of activation of EGFR. ERBB ligands include EGF, TGF-a, AREG, EPG, BTC, HB-EGF, EPR and NRG1-4 (for detailed information please refer to the respective ligand section).
EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with EGFR include Inflammatory Skin And Bowel Disease, Neonatal, 2 and Lung Cancer. Among its related pathways are DAG and IP3 signaling and Association Between Physico-Chemical Features and Toxicity Associated Pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include identical protein binding and protein kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is ERBB4.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family. Four members of the ErbB family have been identified; EGFR (ErbB1, HER1), ErbB2 (HER2), ErbB3 (HER3) and ErbB4 (HER4). EGFR signaling drives many cellular responses.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
GO:0001618 | virus receptor activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0003682 | chromatin binding | IDA | 20551055 |
GO:0003690 | double-stranded DNA binding | NAS | 6325948 |
GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000139 | Golgi membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | NAS | 9103388 |
GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA,IDA | 12828935 |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IDA | 7588596 |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | RET signaling |
.92
|
.92
|
2 | Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts |
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
.85
Mitochondrial Apoptosis
.85
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
.84
p53 Mediated Apoptosis
.84
DHA Signaling
.74
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
.72
PPAR Pathway
.66
|
Rac1 Pathway
.65
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
ERK5 Signaling
.61
eIF2 Pathway
.60
Rap1 Pathway
.57
Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
.57
|
3 | GPCR Pathway |
Paxillin Interactions
.73
Ras Pathway
.73
GPCR Pathway
.62
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
.59
|
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
.58
NFAT in Immune Response
.58
Estrogen Pathway
.55
P2Y Receptor Signaling
.38
|
4 | GAB1 signalosome |
.89
|
|
5 | Signaling by ERBB2 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | TAS | -- |
GO:0000186 | activation of MAPKK activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0000902 | cell morphogenesis | IEA | -- |
GO:0001503 | ossification | NAS | 12925580 |
GO:0001889 | liver development | IEA | -- |